John A. Warden III is one of the leading contemporary air force theorists in the modern era. Warden´s five ring model has proved the ability to explain other dimensions of warfare, as Warden himself claims. A topic that had been receiving much attention is the relatively new arena of warfare, the so-called 'cyberspace'. This dimension has enabled the dissemination of information at a significantly higher rate than before which results that the efficiency of information warfare have increased. Previous research in this complex area, where a combination of Warden's theories and information warfare have been used to analyze a case, is currently inadequate. Therefore, this case study intends to examine to which extent Warden's five ring model can be applied on information operations, in the context of the war in Ukraine. The result in this thesis will show that Warden's theory had a certain degree of explanatory power on the information operations, that were conducted in Ukraine during 2013-2014. The result will also indicate that the most significant direct impact from information operations was shown on the fourth ring, population. When the fourth ring was affected, the effect would spread and affect other rings indirectly. Attempts to affect multiple rings directly and simultaneously could not be identified except for the fourth and fifth rings, population and fielded military. However, no traceability of a direct impact on the fifth ring, fielded military, was identified.

In Ukraine 2014 the world saw a new type of war develop on the Crimean Peninsula. But what took place was not an open conflict between military forces on the battlefield and on the waves. Instead, it was a combination of covert operations by Russian special forces, organized crime groups from both Russia and Ukraine and the instigation of local ethnic groups. This study is focused on the use of civilian individuals and organizations to achieve a higher military goal in this conflict. This is to increase the understanding of what methods that were used in the Russo-Ukrainian war where connections between the military and the civilian in this conflict is blurred. The study finds that many methods that use civilians for a higher military purpose can be found in the conflict that could be used elsewhere with similar conditions. It also finds a rudimentary schematic for when and in what order these methods were used for successfully achieving their goals. It also finds a new scientific gap where future research could go to further understand and predict how these methods could be used in our future.

Ukraine is a state that has been characterized by authoritarian trends for a long time. This is due to political division. The political regime in Ukraine has consequently been influenced by pro-Russian and pro-European actors. A minority of Ukrainan population has a desire to join Russia, while the majority of the Ukrainan population wants to join the EU. Therefore, this study will examine the influence of the European Neighborhood Policy on Ukraine’s democratic development between the period of 2009 - 2020. By using the theoretical framework of Daniel Silanders thesis “Democracy From the Outside-In? The Conceptualization and Significance of Democracy Promotion” this study has implemented the six democracy-promoting aspects - actors, interets, methods, channels, relations and impact of the ENP in Ukraine. The main result of this study shows that the European Neighborhood Policy has left a major impact in Ukraine with the different instruments that the EU has provided. For instance, the Association Agreement (AA) and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). However, Russia’s involvement tends to slow down the democratization process in Ukraine, the geopolitical interests of the EU tend to consider cooperation and the lack of down-top strategies has prevented the civil society from becoming involved in the development of democracy.

Kriser är ett ofta nämnt begrepp i media, inom organisationer och i dagligt tal bland människor. Begreppet har speciellt brukats flitigt under de senaste åren till följd av Covid-19 pandemin och Rysslands invasion av Ukraina vilket väckt forskarna i den här studiens nyfikenhet för begreppet. Hur man kan hantera en oförutsägbara extern kris som företagsledare i en organisation är inget som de flesta ledarna är bekanta eller bekväma med. Krishantering är en mycket större och viktigare del än vad många tror av det dagliga arbetet för en företagsledare för att organisationen ska överleva och gå starka ur den turbulenta verkligheten som företaget ställs inför. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur en företagsledare kan agera och arbeta för att minska effekterna av oväntade kriser, samt vad ledaren kan göra för att hitta möjligheter i snabbt förändrande förhållanden. En kvalitativ metod har tillämpats i studien där fem semistrukturerade intervjuer har verkställts löpande under forskningen med fem olika individer i ledande befattningar i svenska tillverkningsföretag. Forskarna har nyttjat en induktiv ansats, där teorin baseras på utfallet av det empiriska materialet. Studien visade att kriser skapar erfarenheter för ledarna, vilket förbereder ledarna bättre på liknande framtida utmaningar. Kriser innebär även förändring vilket kan resultera i möjligheter när det sker en omställning på marknader.

Background: Over the past half-century, with globalization, global supply chains have been developed across the world. In the last three years, Sweden and the world have been affected by two distinctive crises: the corona pandemic and the war in Ukraine, which have caused disruptions and significant consequences for businesses and the economy. All companies have been impacted by these crises as disruptions have occurred within the supply chains. They have been forced to develop their risk management and strategic planning in resource allocation to mitigate the consequences of disruptions and survive in the market during crises. In this essay, the authors will further investigate whether this work can contribute to achieving a higher level of resilience and thus control and maintain profitability at a stable level.  Objective: The objective of this work is to describe and analyze how the development of risk management in times of crisis can contribute to resilience in the supply chain and impact profitability.  Research questions: ● How can the corona pandemic have affected risk management within individual companies and their supply chains? ● How can the war in Ukraine have affected risk management within individual companies and their supply chains? ● How can this development in risk management contribute to resilience and impact profitability? Method: This study is based on a qualitative research method where eleven respondents from different companies were interviewed. The interviews were divided into seven subject areas with a semi-structured approach. This essay has adopted an abductive approach with elements of deductive and inductive reasoning to create a broader understanding of the subject. Conclusion: The conclusions of this essay are based on the fact that the corona pandemic and the war in Ukraine have affected companies and their supply chains. During the pandemic, companies developed their risk management, which improved cooperation regarding communication and alternative solutions within the supply chain. This work also benefited companies during the outbreak of war as they were better prepared to handle disruptions that occurred. Through this work, companies created a good level of flexibility, robustness, and rapid response capability, which enhanced their resilience and reduced, among other things, the economic consequences of the disruptions that occurred. This indicates that a higher degree of resilience can lead to less negative impact on profitability.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has, at the time of writing, been going on for over 14 months. Despite diplomatic efforts and international cooperation, no attempts have so far succeeded in reaching a peaceful end to the conflict. This study has aimed to investigate and analyze the factors that limited the diplomatic success of the international institutions in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The study has used neoliberal institutionalism as a theoretical framework to analyze and answer the question. This theory has been very helpful in identifying what flaws there may be in international systems that can affect conflict solutions. The study has analyzed a selection of factors which, according to a balance based on political relevance and theoretical starting points, are considered to be significant factors. The factors that have been analyzed are territorial, military, security policy and institutional as well as factors around international collaborations. The study's discussion shows how these factors played a role and in what way the limitations they led to may have affected the success of conflict resolution and may affect future conflicts and outcomes. The discussion also highlights the relevance and importance of a functioning and actionable international system based on the theoretical perspective. The study has contributed to highlighting important factors surrounding the Russia-Ukraine conflict that are relevant both to the case itself and to future conflicts.

This study examines the framing of the sinking of the Russian cruiser and flagship of the Black Sea fleet Moskva in 2022 during the Russo-Ukrainian War, focusing on the variation in the post-hoc battle for meaning. Specifically, the analysis explores the role of targeting and its relationship to strategic narratives. Employing a framing analysis approach, the study investigates how the framing surrounding success, failure and deterrence was communicated. By examining various textual sources, including media reports and official statements, the analysis uncovers different framing strategies employed by the different actors involved. The findings shed light on how the event was portrayed, the underlying narratives that shaped the framing and the implications of these narratives on the perception of success or failure and the concept of deterrence.

No description available.

Denna studie utforskar hur motståndskraft, ett koncept inom krishantering, tar sig uttryck inom en organisation i praktiken och om arbetet med att utveckla motståndskraft medför organisatoriska fördelar. Studien undersöker motståndskraft genom att skapa en analysmodell som arbetsklädesföretaget Fristads analyseras genom. Fristads är ett företag som i närtid hanterat en rad kriser. Resultatet tyder på att kriser som faller inom den organisatoriska förståelsen kan förklaras genom denna studies analysmodell. Däremot kriser som faller utanför den organisatoriska förståelsen, och som därmed inte har förberetts inför, kan inte förklaras genom analysmodellen. Detta föranleder ett behov av en revidering av denna, där den organisatoriska förståelsen tas i beaktning för att göra det möjligt att förklara hur motståndskraft tar sig uttryck inom en organisation. Därutöver drar studien slutsatsen att ett förberedelsearbete inför en kris höjer den motståndskraftiga potentialen inom en organisation.Detta skapar organisatoriska resurser nödvändiga för att kunna hantera kriser mer effektivt, vilket i sin tur skapar organisatoriska fördelar.

Studien har i syfte att undersöka vilka genrer, diskursiva strategier och lingvistiska verktyg som Rysslands president Vladimir Putin använder sig utav och hur det kan kopplas samman med tidigare forskning om propaganda. Studien utgår från Putins tal på Moskvas Stadium den 18 mars 2022 då han adresserar åttaårsjubileet av Rysslands annektering av Krim. Metoden som använts för studien är diskursiv-historisk analys, som bygger på kritisk diskursanalys. För att koppla samman Putins tal med en vidare historisk kontext har även Joseph Stalins tal från den 7 november 1941 analyserats på samma sätt.  För att kort sammanfatta resultatet så visade det sig att det finns vissa likheter mellan Putin och Stalins tal i hänseende av genre samt diskursiva strategier, den största skillnaden handlar om att Putin använder ett försiktigare vokabulär än Stalin samt att Putin är mer argumenterande. / The study aims to examine the genres, discursive strategies and linguistic tools that Russian President Vladimir Putin uses and how it can be linked to previous research on propaganda. The study is based on Putin's speech at Moscow's Stadium on March 18, 2022, when he addresses the eighth anniversary of Russia's annexation of Crimea. The method used for the study is discursive-historical analysis, which is based on critical discourse analysis. To connect Putin's speech with a historical context, Joseph Stalin's speech of November 7, 1941 has also been analyzed in the same way. To summarize the results, it turned out that there are some similarities between Putin and Stalin's speeches in terms of genre and discursive strategies, the biggest difference is that Putin uses a more cautious vocabulary than Stalin and that Putin is more argumentative.