Urban design handlar om den byggda miljöns utformning som är nära sammankopplad med det sociala livet på gatorna. Den urbana designen är därför viktig i utvecklingen av städer. Studien är en fallstudie som utgörs av en platsanalys av stationssamhället Markaryd. Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om hur teorier och metoder inom urban design kan användas som analysverktyg inför en vidareutveckling av mindre tätorter som Markaryd. Platsanalysen presenterar brister och kvaliteter för att belysa platsens potential i den byggda miljön. Det bakomliggande problemen handlar om att Markaryds centrumhandel gått ned, att Markaryds stationsområde uppfattas som anonymt samt att centrum behöver göras mer attraktivt. Vi grundar undersökningen i ett fokus på hur det sociala livet i centrum kan stärkas, men inkluderar även till viss del de estetiska värdena. Undersökningen kom fram till att Markaryds problem i den urbana designen befinner sig på olika nivåer. I en utzoomad skala är tätortens stadsväv spridd som ett resultat av gles och fristående bebyggelse. Centrumhandeln har också gått ned, vilket resulterar i tomma lokaler i centrum. Detta får effekter på gatulivet eftersom det blir färre funktioner i centrum. Stora delar av centrums miljö har modernistiska drag vilket bidrar till en utdaterad design där sociala aspekter inte är i fokus. Tillsammans med bristande mötesplatser i utemiljön får det konsekvensen att få människor vistas i centrum. Studien visade även att de nya tågförbindelserna kan betraktas som en del i Markaryds skifte från bruksort och kyrkby till stationssamhälle. Skiftet är avgörande för den framtida utvecklingen av den byggda miljön i centrum och runt stationsområdet. / Urban design includes the formation of the built environment, which is closely connected to the social life of the streets. Therefore urban design is important in the development of cities. The study is a case study of the railway village Markaryd. It is composed by a site analysis of the urban design of the centre of Markryd. The purpose is to contribute with knowledge of how theories and methods in urban design can be used as an analysis-tool, before a development is implemented in smaller villages like Markaryd. The site analysis presents defects and qualities to highlight the potential of the built environment. The underlying problem is Markaryd’s commercial downfall, Markaryd’s railway station is perceived as anonymous and the centre needs to become more attractive. In our study the focus lies on how the social life can be strengthened in the centre, but partly also its aesthetical values. The results of the study shows that Markaryd’s problems in the urban design lies in different levels. In a larger scale the village’s urban tissue is scattered as a result of scarce and detached buildings. The commercial downfall results in empty facilities in the center. The reduced functions has consequences on the streetlife. Large parts of the city’s environment have modernistic features which results in an outdated design that lacks social aspects. Along with the absence of meetingplaces in the outdoor public space, the results is a general lack of people in the centre. The study also shows that the new train connections have been important for Markaryd, in the shift from mill town and church village to a railway village. The shift is crucial for the future development of the built environment in the centre and around the railway station.

Redeveloping centrally located waterfronts took of properly in the late 1990’s. Before that, the old brownfields were left untouched for years, often resulting in the connection between them and the city centre worsening. The thesis aims to explore strategies and approaches for waterfront developments. This was done by analysing the strategies used whilst planning the following three sites; Västra Hamnen in Malmö, Nordhavn in Copenhagen and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. In addition to this, a waterfront site in Gothenburg was chosen and used to put the theoretical discoveries into practice. The theoretical foundation is made up of a literature and document study, where the three case studies and the designated site acted as the main topics of research along with general information about waterfronts and architectural and cultural heritage. The case studies were analysed using a combination of field studies and a literature study. A matrix consisting of ten columns and four rows was created and used as a base for analysing the approaches of the three cities. The site analysis was done with the help of a document study and field study. Both field studies were executed using the method of walk-throughs. The thesis resulted in six suggestions for future actions when redeveloping waterfronts as well as an urban framework proposal. The results are meant to work as a basis for future projects. / Utvecklingen av centralt belägna hamnområden tog fart ordentligt under det sena 1990-talet. De gamla industriområdena hade innan dess inte prioriterats, något som ofta resulterade i att förbindelserna mellan dem och stadskärnan försämrades. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska strategier och tillvägagångssätt som används vid utveckling av hamnområden. Detta gjordes genom att analysera de strategier som använts under planeringsfasen av tre olika stadsdelar; Västra Hamnen i Malmö, Nordhavn i Köpenhamn och Cardiff Bay i Cardiff. Utöver detta valdes ett hamnområde ut i Göteborg som användes för att använda den teoretiska informationen i praktiken. Den teoretiska basen är uppbyggd av en litteratur- och dokumentstudie, där de tre stadsdelarna och den utvalda projektplatsen figurerade som de huvudsakliga forskningsobjekten, tillsammans med generell information om vattennära områden tillsammans med arkitektoniskt och kulturellt arv. De tre stadsdelarna analyserades med hjälp av fältstudier i kombination med en litteraturstudie. En matris med 10 olika teman skapades även för att bättre utforska dem. Analysen av projektplatsen genomfördes även den med hjälp av en dokumentstudie och fältstudier. Alla fältstudierna genomfördes genom att följa metoden för gåturer. Forskningen resulterade i framtagningen av sex stycken förslag på framtida åtgärder vid förnyelse av hamnmiljöer tillsammans med ett förslag för en urban struktur för Gullbergsvass. Resultaten är tänkta att användas som bas för fortsatta studier.

This thesis examines the impact of planning a potential new urban university campus in Springfield, Massachusetts on the city’s long term goals for urban revitalization. By exploring a collaborative and community-oriented process for higher-educational development, I propose a dynamic model that could work as a catalyst for urban revitalization. The study will focus on the following: developing partnerships between the city of Springfield (government, community, local groups) and major educational institutions (such as the University of Massachusetts system); identifying potential sites suitable for the anticipated urban/mixed-use campus or compound; and studying and analyzing the forces within the city (neighborhoods around site) that would inspire and shape the ideal concept for a campus master plan. I will use four major research strategies: (1) Developing a partnership that is to be both interactive and instructive, (2) selecting and analyzing three or more best practice case studies, (3) analyzing the existing conditions in Springfield, particularity the surroundings of selected sites, and, (4) a critically and professionally developed urban design vision for the right kind of university campus in Springfield that would highlight the main ideas and conclude with a master plan as part of the overall recommendations of this research. Data are collected from books, journals, interviews, newspapers, website sources, and other published reports using a mixed-methods case-study approach. I expect that the study of this topic and the urban design programming and work associated with it would yield a successful model for campus planning and be potentially adopted or adapted by others in the future.

The subject of this thesis is urban solution for part of Zábrdovice. The area is located between the streets Cejl, Radlas and river Svitava with the idea of using in the long term. The basic prerequisite for the work is a change in financial circumstances on the investigated area. The result is a new definition of functional areas in the territories and linking the whole territory wíth the river and the historic town center. Also disclosure of the river Svitava, as well as the recovery of the Svitava drive. The aim is to propose a rational structure that will complement the existing territory and will link it with other parts of the city. The result should be efficient and effective area.

The subject of thesis is urban design of the Film Studios, its recovery, opening this area to the public, the use of film themes and to design the new functional use. The area, where the Film Studios have been built, is located in the city Zlín – Kudlov. The area has size of 10,11 ha and it is defined by the built-up area in the south, north and west and from the east street Vrchy. The area is crossed by street Filmová, which is divided into two parts, on the part of the bulit-up area of the Film Studios and the undeveloped part of gardening and unmanaged areas. The vision of the project is to revitalize the area using the new functional use, simplify transport structure and supplement the existing buildings by new buildings.

Considérant les hivers québécois de plus en plus changeants et imprévisibles, les nouvelles réalités hivernales telles la pluie, la glace et la névasse (gadoue ou sloche) en plus des conditions que l’on considère plus normales doivent être prises en compte dans les politiques et les aménagements urbains. Différents éléments climatiques peuvent influencer les choix et les patrons de déplacements ainsi que les activités extérieures. Les conditions climatiques hivernales que l’on connaît au Québec ont invariablement cet effet sur la manière d’aborder notre relation avec l’extérieur durant cette saison. De plus, dans une ère de changements climatiques où le développement durable est mis de l’avant et où l’on tente de reconnecter avec les identités locales pour créer un sens du lieu, il est intéressant de déterminer à quel niveau les spécificités de la saison hivernale québécoise sont prises en compte dans l’élaboration et la conception des aménagements urbains. L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de déterminer comment la nordicité se manifeste dans les politiques urbanistiques, le design urbain et en aménagement au Québec. Premièrement, la définition du concept de nordicité et les principes liés au design urbain adapté au climat (Climat sensitive urban design) ont permis de déterminer la façon dont les éléments liés à l’urbanisation et les éléments composant les phénomènes climatologiques interagissent entre eux pour créer des microclimats. Ceci a permis par la suite de déterminer les implications au Québec et d’explorer l’héritage québécois en matière d’adaptation au climat. Ensuite, l’analyse de trois nouveaux projets de développement urbain dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal soit le campus MIL et ses abords, le Square Candiac et le quartier Urbanova a permis d’observer la quasi-absence de prise en compte de la nordicité et des conditions hivernales dans la conception du design urbain et dans l’élaboration d’aménagements urbains de ces projets. Hormis la ville de Fermont qui est un exemple d’adaptation au climat, au Québec, les efforts qui sont mis pour faire accepter et apprécier l’hiver semblent demeurer dans la sphère de l’événementiel (festivals, activités sporadiques et éphémères hivernales) sans pour autant s’être rendu à percoler jusqu’à la conception de nos espaces urbains. Il y a toutefois une prise de conscience qui s’opère et les avantages d’avoir des environnements urbains adaptés au climat local et des formes urbaines qui permettent de créer des microclimats pour rendre des espaces plus invitants sont des solutions qui s’arriment avec les impératifs environnementaux qui prennent de plus en plus de place dans le débat public. / Considering that Quebec winters are more and more changeable and unpredictable, new winter realities such as rain, ice and slush, in addition to the conditions that are considered more normal, must be taken into account in urban policies and urban planning. Different climatic elements can influence the choices and patterns of travel as well as outdoor activities. The winter weather conditions we experience in Quebec invariably have this effect on how we relate with the outdoors during this season. Furthermore, in an era of climate change where sustainable development is put forward and where we try to reconnect with local identities to create a sense of place, it is interesting to determine at what level the specificities of Quebec winter season are taken into account in the design of urban development. The goal of this research is therefore to determine how nordicity manifests itself in urban design, urban planning and urban planning policies in Quebec. First, the definition of the concept of nordicity and the principles related to climate-sensitive urban design made it possible to determine how the elements related to urbanization and the elements making up climatological phenomena interact to create microclimates. This subsequently made it possible to determine the implications here in Quebec and to explore Quebec heritage in terms of climate adaptation. Then the analysis of three new urban development projects in the metropolitan region of Montreal, namely the MIL campus and its surroundings, the Square Candiac and the Urbanova District made it possible to observe the virtual absence of consideration for nordicity and winter conditions in the conception of the urban design for these projects. In Quebec, apart from the town of Fermont, which is an example of adaptation to the climate, the efforts made to make winter accepted and appreciated seem to remain in the sphere of events and has not yet succeeded in influencing the design of our urban spaces. However, there is a rise in awareness and the advantages of having urban environments adapted to the local climate and urban forms that allow the creation of microclimates to make spaces more inviting are solutions that align with the environmental issues that are taking more and more room in the public debate.

Ett socialt hållbart samhälle utgår från att skapa en miljö där alla individer respekteras och ges lika möjligheter att delta i samhället. Offentliga mötesplatser har en viktig funktion i den sociala hållbarheten med att vara inbjudande, trygga och tillgängliga. Människor med olika förutsättningar ska kunna vara delaktiga i samhället och offentliga miljöer behöver vara planerade efter fysisk tillgänglighet för att inte exkludera vissa grupper. Vilka grupper som kan vara delaktiga i det offentliga rummet påverkar hur samhället utvecklas över tid. Studien uppmärksammar hur tillfällig användning kan användas som metod för att föra arbetet med social hållbarhet framåt. Sommargågator är en tillfällig användning av en plats under sommarmånaderna när användningen temporärt ändras till fotgängares fördel genom att stänga av gatan för fordonstrafik. Konceptet sommargågata studeras i den här studien utifrån perspektivet social hållbarhet, genom att undersöka vilka möjligheter och nackdelar som kan uppstå vid införandet av tillfälliga gågator och hur dessa kan användas i samhällsplanering för att öka fysisk tillgänglighet och socioekonomisk inkludering. En fallstudie har utförts över Östra Ågatan i Uppsala för att undersöka möjligheter och nackdelar med att anordna en sommargågata utifrån social hållbarhet. Resultatet visar att en breddning av konceptet tillgänglighet möjliggör att offentliga platser blir mer inkluderande och flera grupper kan vara delaktiga i den offentliga miljön. Om detta sker kan tillfällig användning vara en metod för att skapa mötesplatser och öka tillgängligheten. Vidare är det grundläggande för att skapa en inkluderande plats att ett långsiktigt mål för platsen uttrycks och att balansen bibehålls mellan allmänna och kommersiella aktiviteter. / A socially sustainable society is based on creating an environment in which all individuals are respected and given equal opportunities to participate in society. Public spaces play an important role in the social sustainability of being involved, safe and accessible. People with different conditions should be able to participate in society and public environments need to be planned after physical accessibility so as not to exclude certain groups. Which groups that participate in the public space affects how society develops over time. The study draws attention to how temporary use can be used as a method to bring forward work on social sustainability. A summer pedestrian street is a temporary use of a place during the summer months when use is temporarily changed to pedestrian advantage by turning off the street for automobile traffic. The concept of summer pedestrian street is studied in this study from the perspective of social sustainability, by examining the possibilities and disadvantages that may arise when introducing temporary pedestrian streets and how these can be used in community planning to increase physical accessibility and socio-economic inclusion. A case study has been carried out across Östra Ågatan in Uppsala to investigate the possibilities and disadvantages of organizing a summer pedestrian street based on social sustainability. The results show that broadening the concept of accessibility enables public places to become more inclusive and several groups may be involved in the public environment. If this happens, temporary use can be a way to create meeting places and increase accessibility. Furthermore, it is essential to create an inclusive location for a long-term goal for the site to be expressed

Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att undersöka vad ett sammanbindandepromenadstråk från Fisktorget till Campus Gräsvik kan åstadkommaför staden Karlskrona. Möjligheten att på så vis knyta ihop olika delarav staden, gamla och nya, är en övergripande aspekt. En annanaspekt mera på detaljnivå är att stråket kan åstadkomma ett antal nyamötesplatser utmed sin sträckning. Promenadstråk bidrar generellt tillen miljövänligare och hållbarare stad när människor väljer bort bilen föratt istället promenera eller cykla. Den fysiska aktiviteten bidrar också tillhälsosammare invånare. Sist men inte minst utgör stråk i en stad en sammanbindande kvalitetoch skapar sociala mötesplatser. Metoden som är använt är platsanalys,kvalitativ litteraturstudie och skissning (research by design). Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är tagen från urbansociologin (Socio-spatial dialektik.) Resultatet är ett förslag om ett promenad- och cykelstråk med tre gestaltade fokuspunkter längs stråket. I samband med att Karlskrona kommun har påbörjat arbetet med utbyggnadenav Pottholmen utmynnar den här uppsatsen i ett förslag om hur enfortsättning av Borgmästarekajens promenadstråk skulle kunna se ut. Med Karlskronas växande befolkningsmängd skulle ett promenadstråkvara bidragande till stadens sammanhållning. Resultatets viktigastepunkt är att länka samman olika stadsdelar och skapa ett attraktivt stråki ett betydelsefullt stads-sammanhang.

In the last decades the population living in cities has substantially increased. According to the United Nations, by 2050 two thirds of the world population will be living in urban areas. Demographic pressure, through influx of residents or internal growth results in expansion and densification of urban areas and goes hand in hand with increased imperviousness, putting pressure on the provision of urban green. Urban green offers a range of direct and indirect benefits to the urban ecosystem. Green in the city reduces rainwater runoff and flooding risk while improving water quality; it improves air quality, provides natural cooling and contributes to reducing the urban heat island effect. Being the main source of contact with nature, urban green has also been shown to contribute to the physical and psychological wellbeing of urban citizens. The environmental concern for urban nature and re-naturing of cities are thus at the heart of developing more «ecological approaches to sustainable urban design and planning». In the framework of this research, it implies: understanding the (spatial) distribution of green space in relation to the built-up area of the city at different scale levels – the benefits they provide, their quality and proximity for urban residents – and; how to develop diagnostic, analytical and projective capabilities aimed at improving their (urban green) provision to address a host of sustainability challenges related to climate change, demographic growth and densification of the urban area. The research focuses on the development of evidence-based frameworks for planning that incorporate citizens’ needs and that are built on an interdisciplinary foundation. With this scope and focus, this study contributes to the development of a more ecological framework for sustainable urban design and planning aimed at integrating nature in the city more effectively and in an evidence-based way. The first part of the research focuses on the development of a spatially explicit tool for green space quality and proximity assessment reflecting user’s perception. Application of the model in the Brussels context reveals that user’s perception of qualities of urban green spaces such as naturalness and spaciousness can be linked to green space characteristics as described by available GIS-based data. As such GIS-based modelling allows for an extrapolation of questionnaire-based quality assessments for a selection of parks to other public green spaces. Analysis of the proximity of urban green spaces based on user’s perception shows spatial inequalities in green space provision, with less than 50% of Brussels’ citizens having good access to small (residential and play green) and to large green spaces (city and metropolitan green). By coupling multi-scale proximity assessment with quality assessment of green spaces, it is demonstrated that nearly two third of the Brussels population has no access to high quality public green spaces. Through collaborative research by design workshops involving different stakeholders, indicators produced by the quality-proximity model are used to indicate and tackle problem areas. Three alternative scenarios for public green space development are defined. The scenario analysis demonstrates that actions to provide low-income neighborhoods with a good accessibility to public green spaces will require creative solutions, dealing with complex property and management issues, and levels of investment that go well beyond the cost of regular green space development. The second part of the study presents a GIS- and design-based approach to assess potential land cover change for the Brussels-Capital Region anticipating expected population growth. The methodology proposed can be used to assess the impact of spatial policies and the implementation of building codes on future urban land cover. By studying the everyday processes for parcel infill and densification, and by defining a densification process based on the principles of sustainable urban design (e.g. walkable and high-density urban areas near mobility hubs, compact building typologies, preserving valuable natural areas, creative approaches to increasing the provision of urban green (green roofs, bioswales, etc.) space for water and floodscapes, etc.), two land use evolution scenarios are formulated; a business-as-usual and a sustainable scenario. One of the main conclusions of the case study on the Brussels-Capital Region is that densification can be deployed as a vehicle for positive land cover change and greening of the city. / Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les discours promotionnels en urbanisme attribuent à un nombre croissant de lieux et de processus le statut de modèles à suivre ou de bonnes pratiques. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les acteurs opérationnels réceptionnent et utilisent ces modèles lorsqu’ils conçoivent d’autres projets urbains. L’approche construite vise à suivre les acteurs au plus près de leurs pratiques opérationnelles. Pour ce faire, la notion de « modèle » est mise de côté le temps de l’analyse pour lui préférer celle de « référence » dont la définition prend une dimension méthodologique. Une référence est la représentation d’un objet utilisée dans une situation autre que celle dans laquelle il a été élaboré. Tout objet (idée, image, ou texte) peut devenir une référence, mais il ne le devient qu’à partir du moment où sa représentation est citée dans une autre situation. La notion de référence est étudiée dans le cadre de situations de conception, les moments au cours desquels les acteurs réfléchissent, discutent, se projettent seuls ou à plusieurs, et prennent des décisions pour la transformation des usages d’un espace. Deux méthodes sont utilisées. Une méthode par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 30 acteurs opérationnels d’origines variées vise à comprendre la façon dont ces derniers se représentent leurs usages des références. Une méthode d’observation circonscrite de quatre situations de conception au cours desquelles les acteurs sont en train d’élaborer des plans directeurs permet de suivre les usages des références dans des projets en train d’être conçus. Les observations et entretiens réalisés en France et dans l’Oregon aux États-Unis, se complètent et se rejoignent, permettent de découvrir des constantes concernant les usages de références et de redéfinir la notion. Les références sont, au sein d’une grande diversité, urbaines, ancrées et locales. Elles sont utilisées à des fins multiples, aussi bien pour communiquer dans un groupe et y négocier sa place, que pour la forme d’un plan directeur, pour lire un contexte, et pour évaluer des propositions de transformation d’un espace. Cette approche permet d’obtenir une lecture fine de l’usage des références en situation de conception, lecture importante pour le débat actuel de la fabrique de la ville concernant les modèles urbains. En situation, il n’y a pas un modèle mais une multitude de références qui sont citées, mentionnées, analysées ; et chaque plan est le résultat d’un travail articulant le contexte et ces objets cités, des projets, des espaces existants, des formes et objets génériques, et des théories / Over the last twenty years, promotional discourse on urban development has been assigning the labels of “best practice” or “model to follow” to an increasing number of specific sites and processes. My thesis explores how these models are received and used by urban developers and other relevant actors. My approach aims at following actors as closely as possible with regard to their working practices. To do so, the notion of “model” is put aside and favored over by the notion of “reference”, whose definition is methodologically based. A reference is the representation of an object (idea, image, text) that is cited within a design situation other than the one it was initially conceived in. Any object can become a reference, but it only becomes a reference when its representation is cited in another design situation. The notion of reference is studied during multiple stages of urban design: from conception to moments during which actors think, talk and plan alone or collectively, to decision-making about the transformation of spatial uses. Two methods were used. First, I carried out semi-structured interviews with 30 actors with the aim of understanding how actors perceive their use of references. Second, I observed and analyzed four specific situations during which actors were designing urban masterplans in order to understand the use of references in the design process.Both methods were applied in France and in the USA (Oregon) and converged in their results, leading to a more precise understanding of the notion of reference. References are mainly urban, anchored within a territory and local. They have many purposes, from communicating and negotiating within a group, to making design decisions, as well as reading an urban context and evaluating design propositions. The present analysis of how references are used is particularly useful for the current debate in urban studies concerning policy and the mobility of ideas. In the design process, there is not one model but a multitude of urban objects that are cited, analyzed and described. Each masterplan is the result of a coordination between an actual context and these cited objects, projects, existing spaces, generic objects and forms, and theories