O trabalho apresenta um estudo com a finalidade de verificar a aplicabilidade do Modelo do Sistema Viável (VSM Viable System Model) no projeto de uma arquitetura robusta de um Sistema de Informação voltado à área naval nuclear. A ênfase do estudo está em avaliar uma modelagem alternativa para a especificação da arquitetura do Sistema de Informação, incorporando o conjunto de funcionalidades especificadas pelo VSM, com o objetivo de fortalecer esta arquitetura. A estratégia desta pesquisa baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica relacionada ao VSM, aos Sistemas de Informação e a sua arquitetura, e às influências destes elementos na sobrevivência das organizações diante das mudanças constantes no ambiente. É apresentado um estudo de caso onde são mostrados os elementos teóricos do VSM e da arquitetura de SI aplicados na elaboração da arquitetura de um SI. O Sistema escolhido para esta aplicação é o Sistema de informação de incidentes nucleares (SIN) nas instalações onde são feitas pesquisas e desenvolvimento de tecnologia nuclear a ser aplicada na propulsão de um submarino. / The present work presents a study aiming to verify the applicability of the Viable System Model (VSM) in a robust architecture for an Information System targeting nuclear naval area. The emphasis of the study is in assessing an alternative modeling for the Information System (IS) architecture specification, incorporating a set of functionalities defined by the VSM, with the purpose of strengthening this architecture. The strategy of this research is based on a bibliographic revision on VSM, Information System and its architecture, and the influence of those elements in the survival of the organizations in a ever changing environment. It is presented one case study where it is showed the theoretical elements of the VSM and IS architecture applied on the development of a IS architecture. The selected system for this application is the IS for nuclear incidents (SIN) on the installations dedicated to research and development on nuclear technology applied to submarine propulsion system.

Abstract ------------- Background ---------------- Like other businesses, the failures and problems faced by the software development industry over the time have motivated experts to look for software process improvement to create quality software rapidly, repeatedly, and reliably. Objective ------------ The purpose of this study is to evaluate if and how Lean thinking and principles primarily associated with auto manufacturing industry can be applied to software development lifecycle for Software Process Improvement (SPI). The secondary aim is to analyze how BPR can be integrated with Lean software development for process improvement. Method ---------- A derived Lean-BPR adoption pattern model is used as a theoretical framework for this thesis. The seven Lean software development principles along with four-step BPR process are selected as process improvement patterns, which effects the KPIs of a software organization. This research study incorporates both Qualitative and Quantitative methods and data to analyze the objectives of this study. The methodological framework of Plan-Do-Check-Act is used in the case study to implement process re-engineering incorporating Lean and BPR principles. The impact of adopting the Lean and BPR principles is assessed in terms of cost, productivity, quality of products and resource management. Results ---------- Application of Lean and BPR principles for software process improvement in the organization under study resulted in 79% improvement in test coverage, 60% reduction in time for test execution and analysis and 44% reduction in cost for fixing defects that were being passed to customer in past. Conclusion ------------- Based on case study results, it can be concluded that Lean, a bottom up approach, characterized by empowerment of employees to analyze and improve their own working process can be effectively combined with IT centric traditionally top down BPR approach for improving KPI’s and software processes. / +45 40968458

We address the task of mapping a given domain model (e.g., an industry-standard reference model) for a given domain (e.g., ERP), with the source code of an independently developed application in the same domain. This has applications in improving the understandability of an existing application, migrating it to a more flexible architecture, or integrating it with other related applications. We build on a previous approach, which uses relationships among source code elements for improving the precision of the mapping process. We extend this approach by considering relationships among domain model elements in addition to relationships among source code elements, and also by stating the mapping process as an optimization problem. We have implemented our approach, and compared it with the previous approach. We show that our approach gives significantly better precision as well as recall than the previous approach when applied on a real industry-standard domain model and an open-source application.

Effective and reliable delivery of services provides long-term performance to an organization. Inorder to create effective and reliable deliveries, activities that do not create value for the customer,namely the wastes, need to be reduced or eliminated. Value Stream mapping is a Leanmanagement tool that aims to clean processes from the wastes. With this as a starting point, studieshave previously been conducted to customize the tool for use on service processes. The studyresulted in Service value stream management, a model implemented in six steps. When the modelis applied in service processes, there is a wide variety of problems that may occur, it is therefore considered not possible to collect all problems in order to provide suggestions for improvements. This study aims to investigate whether the tool can be modified to better suit an internal serviceprocess in the pulp and paper industry. The literature review that has been conducted, revealedthat the existing model does not contain certain, according to the theory, important elementsadapted for Lean service. Beside the waste and tools that the model already consists of, fourrelevant wastes and twelve tools were found during the literature review. Other interestingcomponents that emerged through the literature review, were the views of what an organizationshould learn about and how successes should be measured. In order to fulfill the purpose of ourstudy, the Lean tool Service value stream management, was tested with the additions found duringthe literature review. The test was conducted at an internal service process at a case company tosee if there is evidence to add or remove some of the new wastes, tools or components to themodel. At the case company, data was collected through interviews and observations as well asthrough a survey. The study resulted in the 5K-model which consists five steps to eliminate andreduce wastes. With this model, organizations in the pulp and paper industry should be able tocreate higher efficiency in their internal service processes. To visualize and measure efficiency, amathematical formula was developed that could be considered useful even outside the 5K model.

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Lean production and Lean philosophy have been developed, studied and implemented over the world since it was know from Toyota Production System. International manufacturers/OEMs have more or less developed their own Lean production systems. Over the years, arising challenges from new technology and internationalization have force the OEMs to understand and evaluate the design of supply chain to support their lean production system, and to manage the SC and compete as a whole against other supply chains. When apply Lean principles to the level of Supply Chain, coordination is an essential element to success. Today, researches have been done on joint efforts on decision making among supply chain actors, and applying Lean tools such as VSM on an extended level, namely a supply chain. Whereas the methods to improve SC coordination when implementing Lean through SC remain undeveloped. By interviewing Lean supply chain experts, experienced personnel in Supply Chain Management, and Lean experts from various organizations, a methodology to identify and visualize the improvement areas in supply chain coordination was designed. The methodology was then tested in a European OEM’s supply chain. Value Stream Mapping, as the base, was adapted to support identification and visualization of improvement areas in supply chain coordination. Several misalignments in the SC coordination were found in the current state, then visualized in current state map and approved by various SC actors. The methodology was then improved according to the process of testing. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a methodology to identify and visualize the improvement areas in (manufacturing) supply chain coordination within a Lean perspective.

Lean is an umbrella term for a powerful combination of techniques to maximize customer value by minimizing waste and achieving continuous flow through a sustainable culture of continuous improvement. The term ―lean is used in the U.S. for what was originally created as the "Toyota Production System" by the Japanese carmaker. It is so fashionable since it was born that it’s been widely used in the manufacturing industry during the past decades all over the world. No matter in the opinion of insiders or outsiders, this is a magical word stands for discovering and eliminating discreet wastes, reducing resources requirement and time demand for production, making the manufacturing process efficient and cost effective and eventually building the sustainable competitive advantage of the organization. There’s already a world of books discussing the implementations. But as for the service delivery process, especially within the telecom industry, there’s no qualitative research carried out to check the validation of lean tool yet. Most researchers still remain on the theoretical level, arguing and debating on the applicability. The objective of this research is to fill in this research niche, check the possibility of using lean tool, naming VSM, to study and redesign the service delivery process in a qualitative way. The research question comes to how to apply the tool in a qualitative way and exam the both sides of the coin. The author investigated on the service delivery process performance in the Business-As-Usual projects and the key performance indicators of the case company business unit to find out any inconsistencies. One of the powerful lean tools - VSM is used step by step, node by node to identify existing discreet wastes. Based on the lean philosophy and literature reviews, potential possible improvements are proposed to eliminate the wastes, afterwards an ideal new VSM is created, with which it is able to dramatically reduce the resources required to seize customer value, satisfy the same amount of customer demand, increase customer satisfaction, make the company focusing on continuous improvement, and in the end move the company to a higher position in the field with stronger competence to win more market share. This research work is conducted as a single case study under the lean philosophy by collecting and studying qualitative data using various semi-structured interviews and archival data analysis. Six applicable solutions to lead the organization lean is proposed, and based on which, a brand new Optimization Focus Matrix is introduced to have a broader applicability. Possible benefit, difficulties in implementation and potential risks are also presented. The thesis ends with conclusion, answer to the research questions and discussion on the thesis limitation & future research direction.

There is a rapid change in the current market that requires more customisation and higher quality for a lower price. For SMEs, it is a challenge to compete and develop the production system in this increasingly competitive environment. One way to increase the competitive advantages is to investigate the possibilities to involve Lean tools such as VSM. The purpose of the VSM design is to get a quick holistic view of the production system to find value-added and non-value-added activities and improve the production system. A VSM is, however, not widely explored in a production system with high flexibility and a high number of variants in a functional layout. It has been discovered that there is a research gap in the literature, and some researchers proclaim that there is none or a negative correlation between VSM and flexible production. Therefore, there is a need to further explore these concepts together at a case company with these pa-rameters.The methodological approach is a single case study at a case company. The research focuses on investigating how the VSM can be applicable in a production system with high flexibility on a functional layout facility. The study will focus on hard aspects such as the VSM itself and soft aspects such as Lean concepts, Change Management, and employee’s behaviour and reactions. The reason is that enterprises need to investigate parameters and employee behaviour since a production system with high flexibility on a functional layout often perceives as a complex system. Therefore a conceptual model has been developed to facilitate the adoption of this kind of production system. The created conceptual model is based on the findings from the case company and theories from the literature studies. The methods that supported the data collection in the case are interviews with the production personnel and personnel from the management de-partment, observations, VSM and a literature review.

This project was implemented during spring 2021 as a bachelor thesis for the Bachelor Engineering Program in Mechanical Engineering at Karlstads University. The project wascarried out in collaboration with Stora Enso Skoghall Mill, which produces different types of cardboard material. In 2020, the overall production capacity was 875 000 tons of cardboard material. In November 2020 Skoghall Mill was authorized to precede an investigation regarding a possible production increase, which would result in a self-sufficient pulp production and an increase of 120 000 tons cardboard material per year.  The cardboard is winded into rolls before they are being transported to the customers. Before the transportation, the reels are given a protecting wrapping. This procedure occurs in a production segment called the Wrapping Line, which is a part of the Finishing Department. The Wrapping Line is one of the production areas that would be affected by a potential increase of production. Therefore, the responsible of the unit wanted to examine if the Wrapping Linehad enough capacity for a potential increase of this size.  The purpose of this paper was to carry out a capacity analysis for the line, identify bottlenecks in the flow and to present arrangements to make the production line more effective. Furthermore, an additional purpose was to identify how long the maintenance stops could beif the potential production increase is approved.  The capacity analysis was carried out using a simulation software called JaamSim. A model of the existing system was built in JaamSim, which afterwards was analyzed. The capacity analysis showed that Emballeringen has the needed capacity if the production increase isapproved. The capacity analysis also displayed the possible length of maintenance stops. Arrangements in flow was presented and prioritized so that the capacity in the Wrapping Linewould increase further.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar la operatividad de alumbrado público en la empresa Luz del Sur S.A.A. Se identificaron las causas principales y para ello, se aplicó la metodología del Lean, cuyas herramientas y metodologías nos permitirá brindar una propuesta de solución sólida a la problemática actual antes mencionada. Primero se realizó la revisión bibliográfica, citando fuentes y artículos científicos que sustente y avalen la investigación. Luego, se realizó el análisis de la problemática actual y determinación de las causas, en donde se aplicaron métodos y herramientas de la ingeniería industrial para evidenciar la causa raíz del problema. A consecuencia de este análisis se formula la hipótesis para la aplicación del Lean con la ayuda de las herramientas Estandarización, VSM, Jidoka, Kaizen, Estudio de tiempos y Poka Yoke, quienes permitirán mitigar el impacto económico y operativo del problema principal los cuales son disminuir los sobre procesos y reducir las atenciones fuera de plazo en la operatividad del alumbrado público. Finalmente aplicando las mejoras descritas se puede ahorrar hasta en un 11.49% del presupuesto del área de OAP y estar dentro del estándar de trabajo según Osinergmin. / The present research work aims to improve the operation of public lighting in the company Luz Del Sur S.A.A. The main causes were identified and for this, the Lean methodology was applied, whose tools and methodologies will allow us to provide a solid solution proposal to the current problem mentioned above. First, the bibliographic review was carried out, citing sources and scientific articles that support and endorse the research. Then, the analysis of the current problem and determination of the causes was carried out, where industrial engineering methods and tools were applied to show the root cause of the problem. As a result of this analysis, the hypothesis for the application of Lean is formulated with the help of the tools like Standardization, VSM, Jidoka, Kaizen, Time Study and Poka Yoke, which will allow to mitigate the economic and operational impact of the main problem, which is to reduce processes and reduce late attentions in the operation of public lighting. Finally, applying the improvements described can save up to 11.49% of the budget of the OAP area and be within the work standard according to Osinergmin. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional