This thesis uncovers and analyses the relationship between forms of talk on British television between 1970-1990, and the uneven transformations in gender politics that occurred in this period, which encompasses both the second wave feminist movement and the rise of neoliberal politics. It presents five historical case studies of talk-based television programmes from across this time period: No Man’s Land (Associated Television/ITV, 1973), Good Afternoon! (Thames Television/ITV, 1971-1984), Pictures of Women: Sexuality (Channel 4, 1984), Watch the Woman (Channel 4, 1985), and Question Time (BBC One, 1979-present). These case studies offer a deliberate selection of television texts that differ according to their institutional contexts; their position in the schedules; their status in existing broadcasting histories; their discursive arrangements; and their modes of address. The thesis seeks to consider how the communicative ethos of television talk has been gendered in three key ways: at the level of production - in the sense of when, how, and why television spaces have been opened up for gendered forms of talk in relationship to wider shifts in gender politics; at the level of the text - in terms of how the discursive arrangements of talk-based programmes have worked to include, exclude, legitimise or disavow women’s voices; and at the level of critical reception - in the sense of how television talk has been evaluated in profoundly gendered terms. The thesis is methodologically innovative because it theorises gendered forms of television talk in relationship to histories of television production, as well as to broader political, cultural and gender histories. It carries out important empirical ‘recovery work’ of hidden women’s television histories through the presentation of original archival research. It also presents theoretical work, which re-evaluates the distinctive communicative ethos of television – or its “sociability” in light of feminist theories of language, gender and power. Moreover, it sheds some historical light on why the institutional parameters of television still delimit the available spaces for women's speech.

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現今正面臨警界大退休潮，約有近1萬多名警察將於民國106年前退休，以警專及特考班、警大畢業生，自民國101年起，一年2700人左右遞補，亦恐緩不濟急，以本人所服務之芳苑分局為例，民國103年度總編制名額為280名員警，目前僅剩247員額，民國100至103年退休名額30餘人至今仍無法獲得補足，再以芳苑分局偏遠派出所為例，如漢寶、永安、路上派出所編制員額才10名，總而言之，就整整少掉3個派出所警力，必須抽調其它繁重派出所警力暫時補充，以利調度，長期以來，若無法迅速獲得補齊，將對治安形成相當大的隱憂，芳苑分局所轄含二林鎮、竹塘鄉、芳苑鄉、大城鄉(82村里分居於12個分駐(派出)所，轄區面積有294.15平方公里，人口數12萬4328人，如何在警力未補齊之際，運用現有民力，如義警、民防、社區巡守隊協助警察共同維護轄區治安，實為當務之急。常言道警力有限，民力無窮，隨著社會結構的變遷，警察機關必須重新設定與變革化的制度，以適應新的時代的潮流與社會環境需求，而協勤民力運用已是西方先進國家防治犯罪政策的趨勢。本研究為瞭解運用協勤民力協助警察機關之執勤成效，而針對協勤民力人員與警察人員對於協勤認知、相互間認知的差異及執行成效的成果來進行研討分析，藉以發現問題與提出解決策略，俾供政府部門今後運用民力的施政參考，有助警察機關高階領導人決策制定及整體策略前瞻性思維。且協勤民力參與警察勤務執行不但能協助警察處理各項煩瑣的問題，且有助於社會治安與秩序的改善移風易俗及提升擴大警察對民眾服務面向，同時也是人力資源的充分開發，就協勤民力個人而言，也是個人人生最意義的追求，能促使社會變遷的力量是一種善的循環，實現公平正義的社會理想，進而追求世界大同的終極目標。 / Recently, the police force is seeing a wave of retirement. More than 10,000 police officers are about to be retired before 2017. From 2012, about 2700 graduates from Taiwan Police College and Central Police University and special test class replenish into the police force each year. However, supply does not meet demands. Take the FangYuan precinct which I served in for example: there should be 280 policemen in 2012, however, there are only 247 policemen. The 30 retirees during 2011 to 2014 have yet to be replaced. Remote police stations such as HanBao, YongAn and RuShang police station each have only 10 policemen. In other words, a shortage of 30 policemen is equivalent to losing three police stations. This shortage of officers has forced the precinct to deploy police force from busier police stations to replenish those in remote areas. If these vacancies remain unfilled for a long time, it will cause difficulties in fighting crime. The jurisdiction of FangYuan precint includes Erlin, ZhuTang, FangYuan, DaCheng. 12 police stations are distributed in a total of 82 villages. The area of jurisdiction is 294.15km2 and the population is 124K. How to use the existing resources (Volunteered police, community patrol team, civil defence) to help maintain the public safety during the time of shortage in police force is a priority. Police force is limited, but the civil power is infinite. With the changes in the social structure, police need to reassess and fix their rigid system in order to adapt to new social needs and the trend of times. How to use the civil power is the trend of western advanced countries’ crime prevention policy. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of using the civil power in helping police. The different views towards helping with police tasks posed by the civil power and police will be analyzed to find problems and develop solutions. The research will serve for future reference for the government and aid leaders of the government and leaders of the police to establish policies. The participation of civil power not only can help police handle the business but also contribute to the public safety maintenance and expand the service of police. It is also an effective use of human resources. For people contributing to civil power, it is the pursuit of the meaning of life, because to promote social change is a cycle of goodness and realization of ideals of social justice. It is a step towards the ultimate goal of universal brotherhood. / 摘要 i Subject ii 謝誌 iii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 6 第三節 研究的範圍與限制 8 第四節 研究章節安排與架構 9 第五節 研究流程 10 第二章 協勤民力理論基礎與文獻探討 11 第一節 志願服務 11 第二節 公民參與 17 第三節 公部門運用志願服務組織相關理論 19 第四節 國外協勤民力協勤現況 30 第五節 彰化縣警察局協勤民力組織概述及協勤成效 32 第三章 研究方法 46 第一節 研究架構 46 第二節 研究對象 49 第三節 研究工具 54 第四章 研究結果與分析 64 第一節 警察人員基本資料分析 64 第二節 協勤民力人員基本資料分析 68 第三節 警察人員對於協勤民力工作看法分析 74 第四節 協勤民力人員對於協勤工作的看法分析 79 第五節 警察人員及協勤民力人員特性差異分析 84 第六節 警察人員及協勤民力人員對民力協勤的認知差異分析 103 第五章 結論與建議 107 第一節 研究結論 107 第二節 建議 116 第三節 文獻回顧及研究貢獻 122 參考文獻 124

The literature has stated that all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop the physiological signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but that the behavioural changes may not occur until many years later. While there has been a fair bit of literature on the benefits of leisure in reducing the risk, or delaying the development, of AD in adults without DS, this literature is almost non-existent for the DS population. The purpose of the present study was two-fold. First, this study investigated the differences in cognition, language, and literacy skills, and leisure activity participation in younger and older adults with DS. Second, this study examined leisure activity participation as a predictor of cognitive, language, and literacy abilities. Results showed that older participants (age 46-60) tended to score more poorly on measures of cognition, language, and literacy than younger participants (age 20-45). These age-related differences may, in part, be due to AD. Leisure activity participation was also found to vary with age, such that older adults engaged in fewer physical, cognitive, and social leisure activities and worked more hours than the younger adults. Differences in leisure activity participation may be due to AD or to the participant's place of residence, where participants living in a group home tended to work more and were involved in less leisure than participants living with their parents. Finally, leisure activity participation was not found to predict cognitive, language and literacy scores, with the exception of watching television, which negatively predicted oral expression scores. While true of all adults, adults with DS should be encouraged to dedicate more time to positive leisure activities at all ages, and more specifically to cognitive leisure activities, and dedicate less time to television watching, to help delay the onset of declines associated with AD.

p.37の史料1、史料2およびp.38-39は都合により掲載しておりません

Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilken betydelse införandet av grannsamverkan har på antalet bostadsinbrott. Den försökte även besvara vilka typer av åtgärder inom grannsamverkan som används samt likheter och skillnader mellan dessa, kopplat till områden i Södermalms stadsdelsområde. Ett matchat urval skapades varpå data insamlades genom strukturerade intervjuer med ombudsmän för grannsamverkan. I resultatet framställdes hur nivåerna över bostadsinbrott såg ut fem år innan-, samt ett till fem år efter, grannsamverkan implementerats. Materialet analyserades genom komparativ analys, varpå slutsatserna drogs att åtgärder som främst används var skyltning, säkerhetsdörrar, god belysning, god kontakt med boende i området, koll när granne reser bort samt uppmärksamhet på misstänkta i området. Skillnader och likheter mellan använda åtgärder fanns, vilket gör att generella slutsatser kring skillnader och likheter inte går att dra då inga områden är identiska. Gällande införande av grannsamverkan och dess betydelse för bostadsinbrott är resultaten tvetydiga då det skiljer sig hos områdena. / The aim of this study was to examine if the introduction of neighborhood watch affects the number of burglary. The questions asked were; which types of methods of neighborhood watch were used, and what kind of differences there were between selected areas in Södermalm, Stockholm. We created a matched sample of areas and contacted mediators of neighborhood watch in these areas. We conducted a quantitative study using structured interviews and presented data per burglary rates in the areas five years before and one to five years after neighborhood watch was implemented. The results were analyzed by comparative analysis and concluded that common methods of neighborhood watch were e.g. signage, security doors, good contacts between neighbors and attention to suspects in the area. The differences between the methods used means that general conclusions about differences and similarities cannot be concluded. The impact of neighborhood watch differed, and the results were ambiguous.

This thesis explores the role and effectiveness of police authorities in connecting policing and the citizen and in increasing the citizen's involvement in the delivery of their policing service. The thesis examines: police authorities in the context of citizenship and in relation to accountability; and whether the operational function of law enforcement, the original charge of Keeping the Kings Peace and policing by consent - can work homogenously within a system characterised by both active and passive citizenry. Individual chapters discuss whether police authorities have sufficient power, whether the home secretary and chief constable have too much power, and the propensity of police authorities to demand answers and call the police service to account. As history shows, it is possible to have a police service carrying out policing functions in the absence of a police authority performing a scrutiny function; but it would be impossible to have a police authority without a police service. Therefore, the thesis argues that the added value, the relevance and the effectiveness of police authorities needs to be unambiguous.

This study concerns design thinking and how to achieve usability when designing applicationsfor smart watches. The study's focus is on interaction and design for online auctionapplications such as Ebay and Tradera. After studying usability and design for devices withsmall screens, guidelines and design principles for interactive systems, we developed apaperprototype for an auction application. The prototype was used for testing our intervieweeswhile observing and asking questions. After collecting the data we analyzed the responses andfeedback on our prototype and combined the results to previous studies. Based on the analysisand discussion of the results from the interviews and observation of our prototype, we came toa conclusion in design thinking for applications to smart watches. Usability is achieved byselecting the key features and allowing the interaction to be short and the graphical design tobe simple by designing according to glanceability so the user can interpret notifications in aglance and understand what to do in just a few swipes. / Denna studie berör hur man ska tänka när man designar applikationer för smartklockor så de uppnår användbarhet. Studiens fokus ligger på interaktion och design för onlineauktioner såsom Ebay och Tradera. Efter att ha studerat användbarhet och design för enheter med småskärmar samt riktlinjer och designprinciper för interaktiva system tog vi fram en prototyp i papper. Prototypen lät vi testa under observation i samband med intervjuer på testpersoner. Efter att vi sammanställt all data har vi analyserat svaren utifrån vår prototyp samt återkopplat resultatet till tidigare studier. Utifrån analys och diskussion kring resultatet från intervju och observation av vår prototyp kommer vi till en slutsats i designtänk för applikationer till smartklockor. Användbarhet uppnås genom att välja nyckelfunktioner och låta interaktionen vara kort men enkel samt designa enligt glanceability vilket innebär att användaren genom ett ögonkast kan se, tolka och uppfatta vad som ska göras, för att sedan utföra det i ett svep.

La prévention du risque volcanique est un enjeu majeur, notamment pour l'Etna, dont les éruptions fréquentes menacent la province de Catane. Sont exposés les éléments physiques nécessaires à la compréhension des mécanismes intervenant dans un écoulement de lave basaltique. Un système d'information intégrant les principaux aspects du risque volcanique et permettant la création de cartes de risques est alors proposé. Ce système comprend un modèle, basé sur les automates cellulaires et intégrant le traitement d’images satellitaires. Il permet de simuler l'évolution d'une coulée ainsi que son débit. Ce système est alors intégré dans un Système d'Information Géographique. Il est validé sur les éruptions 2001, 2006 et 2007. Enfin, nous développons, pour l’enrichir, un modèle numérique pour le refroidissement d'une coulée de lave à l'aide des Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Ce modèle, validé sur différents cas test, est appliqué au refroidissement d'un lac et d’une coulée de lave. Keywords : risque volcanique, automates cellulaires, système de veille, information élaborée, système d'information géographique, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics / Preventing volcanic risk is a major challenge, in particular when dealing with Mt Etna whose frequent eruptions regularly threaten Catane province. First, the physical elements necessary to understand the mechanism intervening in basaltic lava flow are exposed. Then, we develop an information system which deals with the main aspects of volcanic risk : lava flow evolution foresight and risk map design. This system is integrated in a geographical information system and is composed of both a model based on cellular automata permitting to simulate the evolution of a lava flow, and an infrared satellite image treatment module permitting to evaluate the lava flux rate. All the models and procedures developed were validated with the 2001, 2006 and 2007 eruptions. Lastly, to enhance the information system, we develop a digital model for lava flow cooling by means of Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics. This model is validated by different case tests before being applied to the cooling of a lava lake

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