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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
401

La mort en Égypte romaine / Death in Roman Egypt

Weiller, Fanny 21 October 2017 (has links)
Définie à la fois comme un état, être mort, ou comme un passage, passer du monde des vivants à celui des morts, la mort dans les sociétés antiques influençait nombre de domaines de l’existence. Elle ne se limitait pas à son aspect quantitatif, c'est-à-dire démographique. La mort devait être gérée, non seulement par les proches du défunt, mais également par la cité et par l’État. Cependant, cette étude de la mort englobe aussi les manières dont elle était perçue et vécue par les individus. La mort était l'objet de croyances relatives à l'au-delà, qui concernaient le devenir du défunt, ainsi que la relation qui subsistait entre le défunt et sa famille, entre la communauté des morts et celle des vivants.La question de la mort dans la province romaine d’Égypte se pose d’autant plus que cet espace situé à la limite entre la partie occidentale et orientale de l’Empire continuait de subir des influences culturelles multiples (civilisation pharaonique, hellénistique, présence du judaïsme, naissance du christianisme...) et occupait une position stratégique au sein de l’Empire (domaine réservé du Prince, population multiethnique et relativement nombreuse...).En utilisant différents types de sources (papyrologiques, épigraphiques, archéologiques et littéraires) et en abordant la mort dans des aspects variés à la fois matériels et immatériels (des attitudes et gestes quotidiens face à la mort, aux croyances relatives à l’au-delà, en passant par les pratiques administratives et juridiques suscitées par un décès), il s’agit ici de montrer dans quelle mesure la mort était un régulateur des tensions et des appréhensions sociales dans une société caractérisée par des influences culturelles multiples. La démarche adoptée est scalaire.La mort est d'abord l'objet d'une étude à l'échelle de l’État. Le gouvernement romain gérait la mort en légiférant, en arbitrant les conflits liés au décès d'un individu et en imposant des pratiques administratives lui assurant un contrôle de la population. Mais l’État était aussi parfois celui qui orchestrait la mort, la mettait en scène ou y recourait volontairement afin de préserver l'ordre social.À l'échelle de la province romaine d’Égypte, la mort apparaissait comme le reflet d'interactions diverses. Elle cristallisait les différentes conceptions de l'au-delà, impliquant des gestes funéraires spécifiques, tandis que des particularismes locaux persistaient.Face à la mort, la cité – troisième échelle de notre étude – avait, quant à elle, clairement pour mission d'assurer l'ordre social. En cela, elle devait se prémunir de tout ce qui était susceptible de venir la souiller ou compromettre la relation entre la communauté des vivants et le monde des morts.Toutefois, la gestion la plus importante de la mort se faisait à l'échelle de l'individu et de sa famille. En raison d'une espérance de vie assez faible et d'un taux de mortalité élevé, la mort faisait partie du quotidien. Pour s'adapter à cette réalité, des individus anticipaient leur décès en rédigeant notamment des testaments. Dans tous les cas, la confrontation à la mort d'un proche provoquait des bouleversements auxquels il convenait de faire face et qui donnaient lieu, de la part des survivants, à des réponses parfois diamétralement opposées (conflits portés devant la justice, activation des solidarités intra et extra-familiales sous différentes formes). / .Defined at once as a state, to be dead, or as a passage, to pass from the world of the living to that of the dead, death in ancient societies influenced many areas of existence. It was not limited to its quantitative aspect, that is to say demographic. Death had to be managed, not only by the relatives of the deceased, but also by the city and the state. However, this study of death also encompasses the ways in which it was perceived and experienced by individuals. Death was the object of beliefs about the afterlife that related to the future of the deceased, as well as the relationship between the deceased and his family, between the community of the dead and that of the living.The question of death in the Roman province of Egypt arises all the more because this space situated at the border between the western and eastern part of the Empire continued to undergo multiple cultural influences (Pharaonic civilization, Hellenistic, Judaism, the birth of Christianity, etc.) and occupied a strategic position within the Empire (a reserved area of the Prince, a multi-ethnic and relatively numerous population).By using different types of sources (papyrological, epigraphic, archaeological and literary) and by approaching death in various aspects, both material and immaterial (daily attitudes and gestures towards death, beliefs about the afterlife, through administrative and legal practices related to death), the aim here is to show to what extent death is a regulator of social tensions and apprehensions in a society characterized by multiple cultural influences. The approach adopted is scalar.At the level of the Empire, the Roman government managed death by legislating, arbitrating conflicts related to the death of an individual and imposing administrative practices ensuring public control. But the State was also sometimes the one who orchestrated death, staged it or used it voluntarily in order to preserve the social order.At the level of the Roman province of Egypt, death appeared as a reflection of various interactions. It crystallized the different conceptions of the hereafter, involving specific funeral gestures, while local peculiarities persisted.Faced with death, the city – the third angle of our study – had, for its part, a clear mission to ensure social order. In this, she had to guard against all that was likely to come to defile her or compromise the relationship between the community of the living and the world of the dead. However, the most important management of death occurred at the scale of the individual and his family. Due to a relatively low life expectancy and a high mortality rate, death was part of daily life. To adapt to this reality, individuals anticipated their deaths by writing, among other things, wills. In any case, the confrontation with the death of a relative provoked upheavals that had to be dealt with and which gave rise, for the survivors, to sometimes diametrically opposed answers (conflicts brought before justice, activation of solidarities intra and extra-familial in different forms).
402

A legitimidade do estado civil na teoria política de Jean-Jacques Rousseau / The legitimacy of the civil state in the political theory of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Pinto, Marcio Morena 11 September 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é conduzir um estudo sobre o tema da legitimidade do Estado civil no Contrato Social de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, por meio da análise da construção e do desenvolvimento de sua teoria política, bem como dos principais conceitos a ela inerentes. / The objective of this work is to focus the theme of legitimacy of the civil State on Jean-Jacques Rousseau´s Social Contract, analyzing the construction and development of his political theory, as well as his most important concepts related with it.
403

Interpretation of forced and unforced choice behavior

Unknown Date (has links)
The current study investigated the interpretation of an agent's actions under the influence of external forces. Participants viewed a series of videos of an agent making a varying series of decisions and forced behaviors and were asked to predict future behavior. Firstly, we found evidence that suggests that perceivers make inferences about an agent that once they have shown a preference toward an object, they will persist with those initial desires, despite, external forces leading them to a different object. Secondly, we found evidence that suggests that submitting to a coerced choice will be perceived as reflecting a conflicting combination of pragmatic behavioral choice (due to concession to external forces) and maintenance of original desires, or, simply put, perceivers infer multiple underlying intentions in others. / by Brian Vail. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.
404

A \"miragem\" do absoluto - Sobre a contraposição de Schopenhauer a Hegel: crítica, especulação e filosofia da religião / The mirage of the Absolute. On the contraposition of Schopenhauer and Hegel: Critique, Speculation and the Philosophy of Religion

Ramos, Flamarion Caldeira 30 January 2009 (has links)
Esta tese procura reconstruir a crítica de Schopenhauer a Hegel, para além das invectivas e juízos sumários. Embora não escreva um texto específico sobre esse tema, a posição crítica de Schopenhauer em relação a Hegel é formulada em vários momentos de sua obra. Nosso trabalho consiste, em um primeiro momento, em reconstruir a crítica de Schopenhauer, comparando-a com as posturas críticas de Schelling e Feuerbach. Trata-se de expor e analisar os argumentos de Schopenhauer de modo a construir uma imagem crítica da filosofia de Hegel e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar em que sentido essa mesma crítica pode ser relativizada do ponto de vista da filosofia hegeliana. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho procura refletir sobre a dificuldade implicada na tarefa de construir uma crítica da filosofia de Hegel, já que como mostrou Gérard Lebrun, Hegel oferece menos uma filosofia que um discurso que é mal compreendido sempre que tentamos julgá-lo a partir de nossos pressupostos discursivos. Num segundo momento, examinamos os pontos comuns da abordagem especulativa presente em ambas as filosofias e investigamos temas tais como a questão da determinação das coisas finitas em relação à realidade substancial, a tarefa da filosofia e o problema da exposição da verdade filosófica. Num terceiro e conclusivo momento, procuraremos contrapor a filosofia da religião de ambos os autores, pois como pretendemos mostrar, o tema da fronteira entre a filosofia e a religião é fundamental para estabelecer a oposição entre os autores sobre a questão central da exposição do absoluto e dos limites do conhecimento. Por fim, ofereceremos ainda alguns textos paralelos a essa tese que procuram refletir sobre as interpretações de autores como Lukács e Horkheimer sobre a contraposição entre Hegel e Schopenhauer. / This thesis seeks to reconstruct Schopenhauer\'s criticism of Hegel, beyond invective and brief judgment. Though he does not write on the theme specifically, Schopenhauer\'s critical position with regards to Hegel is formulated at several moments of his oeuvre. This work consists of reconstructing Schopenhauer\'s criticism at first, by comparing it to the criticism of Schelling and Feuerbach. It aims at exposing and analyzing Schopenhauer\'s arguments so as to build a critical image of the philosophy of Hegel, and simultaneously demonstrate how this very criticism can be relativized from a Hegelian point of view. Therefore, this work seeks to reflect upon the difficulty implied in the task of constructing a criticism of the philosophy of Hegel, since Hegel, as Gérard Lebrun has demonstrated, offers less of a philosophy than a discourse which is misunderstood whenever we attempt to judge it from the perspective of our discursive presuppositions. Secondly, we shall examine the common points in the speculative approach present in both philosophies, and investigate themes such as the question of the determination of the finite in relation to the substantial reality, the task of Philosophy and the problem of the exposure of the philosophical truth. Thirdly, we\'ll attempt to counterpose the philosophy of religion of both authors, for, as we intend to demonstrate, the theme of the frontier between Philosophy and Religion is crucial to establish the opposition between the authors on the central issue of exposure of the Absolute and of the limits of knowledge. Finally, we shall look into a few other texts parallel to this thesis which aim at reflecting upon the interpretations of authors such as Lukács and Horkheimer about the counterposition between Hegel and Schopenhauer.
405

Labirintos do nada: a crítica de Nietzsche ao niilismo de Schopenhauer / Nothing\' s labyrinth: Nietzsche\'s critic to the Schopenhauer\' s Nihilism

Salviano, Jarlee Oliveira Silva 12 March 2007 (has links)
As filosofias da Vontade de Arthur Schopenhauer e Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche apresentam duas posturas antagônicas em relação ao sentido da vida. Em ambos a vida deve ser explicada como a expressão de uma força cega e irracional, tornando-se sinônimo de dor e sofrimento - contudo, a reação de cada um diante deste achado filosófico do século XIX os coloca em caminhos contrários. No elogio schopenhaueriano da negação da vontade, da fuga ascética em direção ao Nada, Nietzsche encontra o antípoda de sua filosofia, o niilismo passivo contra o qual propõe o niilismo ativo da afirmação do Eterno retorno. / Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche\'s philosophies of Will present two contrary positions in relation to the sense of life. In both cases life should be explained as an expression of blind and irrational force, becoming a synonym of pain and suffering - nevertheless, the reaction of each in the face of this philosophic finding of the XIX century, places them in opposing paths. In the Schopenhaueran commendation to the denial of will, of self-denying escape in the direction of Nothing, Nietzsche finds the opposite to his philosophy, passive nihilism against which he proposes active nihilism of the affirmation of the Eternal return.
406

As Forças Naturais na obra de Schopenhauer / The Natural Forces on the Work of Schopenhauer

Alonso, Rodrigo Braga 24 February 2015 (has links)
Buscamos, nesta dissertação, lidar com o amplo conceito de forças naturais na obra de Schopenhauer; partindo de suas opiniões pelo ponto de vista científico até a correlação entre forças naturais, a força vital, a Ideia e os graus de objetivação da vontade de modo a desenvolver sua noção de unidade na natureza. / It\'s our goal, on this dissertation, to deal with the vast concept of natural forces on the work of Schopenhauer; starting with his opinions through the scientific point of view until the correlation between natural forces, the vital force, the Ideia e the degrees of the objetification of the will so we can develop his notion of unity on nature.
407

命運與自主: 以孟子與莊子為例. / On 'ming' and 'autonomy': a dialogue between Mencius and Zhuangzi / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Ming yun yu zi zhu: yi Mengzi yu Zhuangzi wei li.

January 2013 (has links)
Yuan Ai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Yuan Ai.
408

Nietzsche: a moral da exaltação do tipo forte

Freitas, Valdeci 27 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Propomo-nos a apresentar nesta pesquisa uma exposição acerca da moral preconizada por Nietzsche. Nietzsche faz uma profunda crítica à moral ocidental platônico-judaico-cristã, pois, segundo ele, o ocidente vive uma moral castradora, que oprime as forças instintivas e naturais da vida. Esta é a moral dos fracos, dos ressentidos, uma moral que impede o homem de alcançar o seu desenvolvimento pleno e realizar ao máximo suas potencialidades. Em contrapartida, Nietzsche apresenta a moral que expressa o otimismo pelas forças vitais do homem, forças essas que animam e impelem-no a alçar o supremo brilho e potência próprios do homem. Em torno dessa concepção procuramos apresentar em que aspectos a moral ocidental oprime a expansão da vida? Qual é a origem do estado depressivo e da fraqueza de vontade que estão presentes em nossa cultura? Apontando como possível resposta a indicação nietzscheana de que a decadência do ocidente está na repressão das forças instintos e naturais do homem; por outro lado, buscamos explora
409

A questão da negação da vontade em Schopenhauer especialmente no IV livro do M.V.R

Fetalian, Tiago 14 September 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 14 / Bolsa para curso e programa de Pós Graduação / No presente trabalho abordar-se-á a obra schopenhauriana “O Mundo como Vontade e Representação” em uma espécie de síntese do seu conteúdo, sendo o IV livro o foco da atenção. A maneira como viveu Schopenhauer, sua contribuição humanitária e a ética de sua filosofia. A questão moral da própria negação do mundo é retratada da forma mais clara possível dentro da forma arquetípica da compaixão. O texto divide-se em três capítulos: no primeiro, temas menores, no entanto, de fundamental importância para a compreensão de seu desenvolvimento, relacionados, sobretudo, ao próprio filósofo. No segundo capítulo, o texto se aprofunda e adentra a definição da vontade schopenhauriana. No terceiro capítulo, por fim, argumenta-se sobre a verdadeira negação do mundo até sua extinção nirvânica. O que se defende é a negação do mundo, ou seja, a morte pregada por schopenhauer como conduta moral a ser seguida e que foi pregada pelas mentes mais brilhantes da humanidade. / The present work will board the schopenhaurian work “World As Will And Representation” in a sort of synthesis of his content, being the IV book the focus of the attention. The way as there lived Schopenhauer, his humane contribution and the ethics of his philosophy. The moral question of the negation itself of the world is shown in the form as clear as possible inside the form archetipical of the compassion. The text is divided in three chapters: in the first one, less subjects, but substantiate for the understanding of his development, they are tied, especially to the philosopher himself; in the second chapter, the text gets deeper and enters in the definition of the schopenhaurian will; and in the third chapter, finally, one argues on the true negation of the world up to his nirvanic extinction. What is defended is the negation of the world, in other words, the death preached by schopenhauer like moral conduct being followed and what was preached by the most brilliant minds of the humanity.
410

Nietzsche e o nascimento do trágico: um estudo a partir das tragédias de Ésquilo, Sófocles e Eurípides

Piccoli, Luiz Felipe Hallmann 16 April 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a origem e o desenvolvimento do conceito de trágico dentro do pensamento de Nietzsche. Para nossa pesquisa partimos da análise das tragédias gregas de Ésquilo, Sófocles e Eurípides e comparamos as obras desses autores principalmente o ciclo de tragédias da família dos Átridas. Antes de explicar o conceito de trágico optamos primeiro por contextualizar o pensamento de Nietzsche no estudo sobre a estética do século XIX. Tomamos como ponto central de nossa abordagem o livro O nascimento da tragédia e verificamos até que ponto as principais ideias desse escrito já estão presentes nos textos anteriores de Nietzsche. Foi realizada a comparação das ideias do autor com as de Aristóteles na Poética para identificar qual a sua contribuição sobre no estudo do tema. Após a análise sobre surgimento do conceito de trágico a partir da tragediógrafos procuramos desvendar quais são as causas que levaram Nietzsche a considerar Sócrates como o responsável pela morte da arte trágica. Fin

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