The subject of this thesis is the diagnostic investigation of block A in the object at Rumiště 8, Brno. The work includes theoretical knowledge of technical surveys and diagnostic methods and their evaluation to identify the essential characteristics of masonry and timber structures. In the practical part is the diagnostic investigation processed. Part of the diagnostic investigation is the determination of material characteristics of the structure. At the end of the thesis is an assessment of the structure.

Ökad användning av byggtekniken massivträ kan ge ett positivt bidrag till hållbart byggande. Utvecklingen inom datornavigerad bearbetning ger massivträ möjligheten att rationalisera byggproduktionen inom trä. Tekniken ligger rätt i tiden och kommer att värderas allt högre då den tillvaratar materialets karaktäristiska egenskaper. Utvecklingen av massivträ har resulterat i teknikvarianter av hur virke kan sammanfogas till solida element. Ett behov har funnits av en marknadsjämförelse mellan befintliga principer där studien förtydligar grundläggande skillnader för intresserade byggaktörer. Problemfrågan för denna studie har varit: vilka principer för sammanfogning av trä till plattelement inom massivträ är mest fördelaktiga? Detta sett utifrån faktorerna produktionskostnad, hållfasthet och ekologiska övervägningar. För att förtydliga den undersökta byggmetodens nytta i ett vidare perspektiv har det presenterats en allmän beskrivning av massivträ. Studien är jämförande och grundar sig på en litteraturstudie samt företagskontakter med 27 företag i 6 länder. Följande tekniker för tillverkning av plattelement i massivträ har behandlats i rapporten:  Limning  Spikning  Klamring  Skruvning  Tvärspänning  Dymling: vertikal-, horisontal- och diagonalgående samt med skruvar i trä  Laskning  Träsvetsning Studien visar att teknikerna inom massivträ skiljer sig åt. Högst bedömning får korslimmat trä (CLT) när det gäller kostnad och hållfasthet. Med hänsyn till ekologin värderas laskat trä högst. Vid en sammanvägning av hållfasthet och ekologi är den skruvformade trädymlingen fördelaktigast. Dessa alternativ ger valfrihet i synlig yta samt ett effektivt resursutnyttjande av lågvärdigare virkeskvalitéer och lämpar sig inom bostadsbyggnation. CLT är mest kostnadseffektivt, inte patentskyddat samt det mest etablerade alternativet på marknaden dock är utvecklingen av ett sunt lim fortfarande under arbete. I pågående forskning finns ett annat alternativ där tekniken träsvetsning visat ge en starkare fog än lim. Ur ekologisk synpunkt är plattelement genomgående i trä är att föredra, då det ger en sund konstruktion i full skala, eftersom inga kemikalier eller lagerresurser används. Forskning har visat att massivträ har en positiv och hälsofrämjande effekt på de boende i motsats till effekterna av icke naturliga material. / The increasing use of solid wood construction methods can have a positive impact on the sustainability of constructions. The development of computer-controlled processing techniques enables the solid wood timber industry to rationalize the construction of buildings. The solid wood techniques come at time and will be higher valued in the future due to the natural characteristics of this material. The improvement of solid wood methods has resulted in various techniques to join wood into solid prefabricated parts. There is a need for a comparative market study of the different principles of solid wood construction to widen the knowledge and to explain interested builders the viability of these techniques. The key question for this study is: Which techniques of combining solid wood elements to whole boards are the most favorable ones concerning wood construction buildings – leaving apart questions of production costs, durability and ecological considerations? To point out the utility of these construction techniques and give them a broader understanding a general study of solid wood construction has been presented. The comparative study is based as well on studies of literature as on reviews of 27 companies in 6 countries. The following techniques for the production of boards made of solid timber elements are considered in this report:  Laminating  Nailing  Stapling  Screwing  Stress laminating  Doweling: vertically, horizontally, diagonally and with wooden screws  Dovetailing techniques  Wood welding techniques The study shows that the techniques of solid wood construction are very different in itself. CLT of cross-laminated timber scores highest in terms of cost and durability, but if one considers ecological factors, dovetailing is best. Taking into account both durability and ecological considerations, doweling is best. These alternatives give some freedom of choice regarding the visibility of surfaces and the efficient use of lower qualities of timber and they are therefore suitable for residential construction buildings. CLT is the most cost-effective, not patented and well established option in the market; the development of more health-friendly adhesives is still going on. Current researches demonstrate an alternative: Wood welding joins the parts better together than gluing them. Considered from the ecological viewpoint, boards made exclusively of wood, are preferable since no chemicals or not renewable resources are used. Recent researches show, that solid wood constructions have positive effects on the health of the residents of these buildings in comparison of buildings using non-natural materials. / <p>ORCID-id: 0000-0001-7091-6696</p>

Multi-story wood frame construction is a highly relevant topic today because of the need to continue to develop the relatively new building technique to create a sustainable way to keep constructing new buildings. Because the use of wood as a frame material in multi-story buildings is still new, there are still issues that come with the choice to use it. One of these issues is in the detailed technical solutions that are constructed, they often have faults that may lead to problems with moisture. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate these problems and more importantly the process behind constructing them. This work is also examining what can be done to counteract or minimize the issues in the planning phases of the construction as well as look at why it is important to continue developing wood construction. There are two parts of the method used in this degree project. The first part is a literature study which brings up the attributes of wood, factors for using and not using wood, the techniques used to build multi-story buildings in wood, as well as a look into the detailed technical solutions that are used and the planning process behind them. The second part is the interview study where experts in the field are interviewed to get answers about the issues that this work brings up. The interviews provided a lot of information that is relevant for this work and the result consists of the most important answers from them. The biggest factor for continuing to develop the use of wood as a frame material, from the interviews, was about the eco-friendliness of the material. The attitude to use wood in multi-story buildings varies quite a bit depending on which part of the construction sector is asked. The developers are curious but still a bit worried, because of this they have not yet taken the next step in using it more. The entrepreneurs are still sceptical about the use in multi-story constructions and there is not enough knowledge about it for them to earn the same amounts of money as if they were to use concrete or steel. Because of that they are also worried about taking the next step towards using wood more. The consultants, like the architects and construction engineers, are more positive to the use of wood and are inclined to use it more and more. The issues that come up the most are different types of attachments of balconies and exterior corridors, parts that are installed too close to the ground and solutions where the end grain of the wood is in water. There were three main problems that came up repeatedly. The biggest one was the lack of knowledge in the planning and the production phases. The second one was about how there is often no one who looks at the bigger picture in the projects which entails mistakes that could be caught. The last issue was in the installation where the construction workers might not do it according to the construction drawings or a lack of drawings which leads to improvisation at the construction site. Recommended improvements could be a standardisation of the solutions that are proven to work for everyone to use. There is also a need for better communication which provides feedback to the designers of the solutions, that way they will know what to do better in the future. More relevant education within the topic and better coordination will also prove vital in the continued development of multistory wooden constructions.

As a natural composite material, wood exhibits complex structural char-acteristics and diverse behavior under compression and tensile forces. Itsanisotropic nature results in mechanical properties that vary depending onthe load direction along its longitudinal, tangential, and radial grains. An im-portant property of anisotropic materials is the modulus of elasticity, whichrelates stress to strain and demonstrates directional variations.This study focuses on investigating the mechanical properties of pinewood,particularly stiffness, and deformation, in the longitudinal direction duringcompression, taking into account the effect of the sample size. The digitalimage correlation (DIC) method is utilized to measure deformation, an op-tical technique that involves tracking motion in DIC patterns. Wood, beinga renewable and natural composite resource, has been widely used as a con-struction material and for various other purposes for centuries. Its physicaland mechanical properties encompass a broad spectrum influenced by factorssuch as species, moisture content, density, and temperature.This research aims to analyze the size-dependent effects on deformation andstiffness in pine wood samples using the DIC method. Initially, three sam-ple sizes were compared, namely 10 × 10 × 10mm3, 20 × 20 × 20mm3, and25 × 25 × 100mm3 these were selected based on Afshar (2022) and Walley&amp; Rogers (2022). However, the sample size of 20 × 20 × 20mm3 producedinsufficient results due to equipment limitations to test them under sufficientload. Among the remaining sample groups, nine specimens from each groupwere tested and compared in terms of stiffness and deformation. The exper-imental results did not provide statistically significant data supporting thepresence of a noticeable size effect between the dimensions of the samples10 × 10 × 10mm3 and 25 × 25 × 100mm3. / Trä är ett förnybart och naturligt kompositmaterial och har i århundradenanvänts som byggmaterial och för olika ändamål. Dess fysikaliska och mekaniskaegenskaper omfattar ett brett spektrum som påverkas av faktorer som fuk-thalt, densitet och temperatur. Trä som ett naturligt kompositmaterial ochdess komplexa strukturella egenskaper visar varierande beteende vid tryckoch dragkrafter. Träets anisotropa natur gör att dess mekaniska egenskapervarierar beroende på belastningsriktning, längs dess längd, tangential ellerradial riktning. För anisotropa material är elasticitetsmodulen en viktig egen-skap som varierar längs de olika riktningarna. Vilket är ett samband mellanspänning och deformationen och visar riktningsvariationer.Den här studien syftar till att undersöka de mekaniska egenskaper hos furu.Den här studien undersöker storleks-effekt i materialet furus styvhet och de-formationen längs fiberriktning (längd) vid kompression med hjälp av DigitalImage Correlation (DIC). Metoden DIC är en optisk teknik som mäter de-formationen hos material med hjälp av spårningsmönster på materialet.För att se storleks effekten hos trä jämfördes initiellt tre provstorlekar, näm-ligen 10 × 10 × 10mm3, 20 × 20 × 20mm3, och 25 × 25 × 100mm3 dessa provs-torlekar valdes baserat på Afshar (2022) och Walley &amp; Rogers (2022). Dockproducerade provstorleken 20 × 20 × 20mm3 otillräckliga resultat på grundav begränsningar i utrustningen för att testa dem under tillräcklig belast-ning. Bland de återstående provgrupperna testades och jämfördes nio provfrån varje grupp när det gäller styvhet och deformation. De experimentellaresultaten gav inte statistiskt signifikanta data som stödjer förekomsten aven märkbar storlekseffekt mellan dimensionerna hos proven 10 × 10 × 10mm3och 25 × 25 × 100mm3.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka kunskapen om vilka förutsättningar som påverkar kommunernas handlingsutrymme att styra mot ökat byggande i trä. Utgångspunkten är att ökat byggande i trä är en viktig hörnsten i Sveriges arbete för att nå klimatmål om minskade koldioxidutsläpp. I fallstudie undersöker jag Växjö och Skellefteå kommun som sedan länge arbetat aktivt med att öka byggande i trä och båda antagit kommunala träbyggandsstrategier. I fallstudie undersöker jag hur såväl kontextuella (projektspecifika och informella förutsättningar) som formella förutsättningar påverkar kommunens handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att processer för att identifiera planförutsättningar och överbrygga olika perspektiv är avgörande för att skapa ett kontextuellt handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar vidare att kontextuella förutsättningar även har potential att till viss del skapa handlingsutrymme utanför det formella handlingsutrymmets ”uppenbara” ramar. / The aim of this study in to increase the knowledge of municipal possibilities and constraints to increase building in wood by examining the municipal planning conditions. Point of departure is that building in wood is a prerequisite to reach the Swedish climate targets of drastically reducing national CO2-emissions. In a case study two municipalities are examined, Växjö and Skellefteå, two municipalities with strategies to increase building in wood and with long experience in doing so. The study explores how contextual planning conditions (project specific and informal conditions) alongside formal planning conditions affects the municipal space of action. The result shows that processes to identify planning conditions and to bridge different perspectives are crucial in order to create a contextual space of action. The result further demonstrates that contextual planning condition withhold the potential to, to a certain degree, create space of action outside the presupposed boundaries of the formal planning system.