en català:Un camp de recerca important dins del paradigma del Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) és la importància en la gestió eficaç de la informació d'esdeveniments generada durant l'activitat de l'aprenentatge col·laboratiu virtual, per a proporcionar coneixement sobre el comportament dels membres del grup. Aquesta visió és especialment pertinent en l'escenari educatiu actual que passa d'un paradigma tradicional - centrat en la figura d'un instructor magistral - a un paradigma emergent que considera els estudiants com actors centrals en el seu procés d'aprenentatge. En aquest nou escenari, els estudiants aprenen, amb l'ajuda de professors, la tecnologia i els altres estudiants, el que potencialment necessitaran per a desenvolupar les seves activitats acadèmiques o professionals futures.Els principals aspectes a tenir en compte en aquest context són, primer de tot, com dissenyar una plataforma sota el paradigma del CSCL, que es pugui utilitzar en situacions reals d'aprenentatge col·laboratiu complexe i a llarg termini, basades en el model d'aprenentatge de resolució de problemes. I que permet al professor una anàlisi del grup més eficaç així com donar el suport adequat als estudiants quan sigui necessari. En segon lloc, com extreure coneixement pertinent de la col·laboració per donar consciència i retorn als estudiants a nivell individual i de rendiment del grup, així com per a propòsits d'avaluació. L'assoliment d'aquests objectius impliquen el disseny d'un model conceptual d'interacció durant l'aprenentatge col·laboratiu que estructuri i classifiqui la informació generada en una aplicació col·laborativa en diferents nivells de descripció. A partir d'aquesta aproximació conceptual, els models computacionals hi donen resposta per a proporcionar una extracció eficaç del coneixement produït per l'individu i per l'activitat del grup, així com la possibilitat d'explotar aquest coneixement com una eina metacognitiva pel suport en temps real i regulat del procés d'aprenentatge col·laboratiu.A més a més, les necessitats dels entorns CSCL han evolucionat en gran mesura durant els darrers anys d'acord amb uns requisits pedagògics i tecnològics cada cop més exigents. Els entorns d'aprenentatge col·laboratius virtuals ara ja no depenen de grups d'estudiants homogenis, continguts i recursos d'aprenentatge estàtics, ni pedagogies úniques, sinó que exigeixen una forta personalització i un alt grau de flexibilitat. En aquest nou escenari, les organitzacions educatives actuals necessiten estendre's i moure's cap a paradigmes d'ensenyament altament personalitzats, amb immediatesa i constantment, on cada paradigma incorpora el seu propi model pedagògic, el seu propi objectiu d'aprenentatge i incorpora els seus propis recursos educatius específics. Les demandes de les organitzacions actuals també inclouen la integració efectiva, en termes de cost i temps, de sistemes d'aprenentatge llegats i externs, que pertanyen a altres institucions, departaments i cursos. Aquests sistemes llegats es troben implementats en llenguatges diferents, suportats per plataformes heterogènies i distribuïdes arreu, per anomenar alguns dels problemes més habituals. Tots aquests problemes representen certament un gran repte per la comunitat de recerca actual i futura. Per tant, els propers esforços han d'anar encarats a ajudar a desenvolupadors, recercaires, tecnòlegs i pedagogs a superar aquests exigents requeriments que es troben actualment en el domini del CSCL, així com proporcionar a les organitzacions educatives solucions ràpides i flexibles per a potenciar i millorar el rendiment i resultats de l'aprenentatge col·laboratiu. Aquesta tesi proposa un primer pas per aconseguir aquests objectius. / An important research topic in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is to explore the importance of efficient management of event information generated from group activity in collaborative learning practices for its further use in extracting and providing knowledge on interaction behavior. The essential issue here is first how to design a CSCL platform that can be used for real, long-term, complex collaborative problem solving situations and which enables the instructor to both analyze group interaction effectively and provide an adequate support when needed. Secondly, how to extract relevant knowledge from collaboration in order to provide learners with efficient awareness and feedback as regards individual and group performance and assessment. The achievement of these tasks involve the design of a conceptual framework of collaborative learning interaction that structures and classifies the information generated in a collaborative application at several levels of description. Computational models are then to realize this conceptual approach for an efficient management of the knowledge produced by the individual and group activity as well as the possibility of exploiting this knowledge further as a metacognitive tool for real-time coaching and regulating the collaborative learning process.In addition, CSCL needs have been evolving over the last years accordingly with more and more demanding pedagogical and technological requirements. On-line collaborative learning environments no longer depend on homogeneous groups, static content and resources, and single pedagogies, but high customization and flexibility are a must in this context. As a result, current educational organizations' needs involve extending and moving to highly customized learning and teaching forms in timely fashion, each incorporating its own pedagogical approach, each targeting a specific learning goal, and each incorporating its specific resources. These entire issues certainly represent a great challenge for current and future research in this field. Therefore, further efforts need to be made that help developers, technologists and pedagogists overcome the demanding requirements currently found in the CSCL domain as well as provide modern educational organizations with fast, flexible and effective solutions for the enhancement and improvement of the collaborative learning performance and outcomes. This thesis proposes a first step toward these goals.Índex foliat:The main contribution in this thesis is the exploration of the importance of an efficient management of information generated from group activity in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) practices for its further use in extracting and providing knowledge on interaction behavior. To this end, the first step is to investigate a conceptual model for data analysis and management so as to identify the many kinds of indicators that describe collaboration and learning and classify them into high-level potential categories of effective collaboration. Indeed, there are more evident key discourse elements and aspects than those shown by the literature, which play an important role both for promoting student participation and enhancing group and individual performance, such as, the impact and effectiveness of students' contributions, among others, that are explored in this work. By making these elements explicit, the discussion model proposed accomplishes high students' participation rates and contribution quality in a more natural and effective way. This approach goes beyond a mere interaction analysis of asynchronous discussion in the sense that it builds a multi-functional model that fosters knowledge sharing and construction, develops a strong sense of community among students, provides tutors with a powerful tool for students' monitoring, discussion regulation, while it allows for peer facilitation through self, peer and group awareness and assessment.The results of the research described so far motivates the development of a computational system as the translation from the conceptual model into a computer system that implements the management of the information and knowledge acquired from the group activity, so as to be efficiently fed back to the collaboration. The achievement of a generic, robust, flexible, interoperable, reusable computational model that meets the fundamental functional needs shared by any collaborative learning experience is largely investigated in this thesis. The systematic reuse of this computational model permits a fast adaptation to new learning and teaching requirements, such as learning by discussion, by relying on the most advanced software engineering processes and methodologies from the field of software reuse, and thus important benefits are expected in terms of productivity, quality, and cost.Therefore, another important contribution is to explore and extend suitable software reuse techniques, such as Generic Programming, so as to allow the computational model to be successfully particularized in as many as situations as possible without losing efficiency in the process. In particular, based on domain analysis techniques, a high-level computational description and formalization of the CSCL domain are identified and modeled. Then, different specific-platform developments that realize the conceptual description are provided. It is also explored a certain level of automation by means of advanced techniques based on Service-Oriented Architectures and Web-services while passing from the conceptual specification to the desired realization, which greatly facilitates the development of CSCL applications using this computational model.Based on the outcomes of these investigations, this thesis contributes with computational collaborative learning systems, which are capable of managing both qualitative and quantitative information and transforming it into useful knowledge for all the implicated parties in an efficient and clear way. This is achieved by both the specific assessment of each contribution by the tutor who supervises the discussion and by rich statistical information about student's participation. This statistical data is automatically provided by the system; for instance, statistical data sheds light on the students' engagement in the discussion forum or how much interest drew the student's intervention in the form of participation impact, level of passivity, proactivity, reactivity, and so on. The aim is to provide both a deeper understanding of the actual discussion process and a more objective assessment of individual and group activity.This information is then processed and analyzed by means of a multivariate statistical model in order to extract useful knowledge about the collaboration. The knowledge acquired is communicated back to the members of the learning group and their tutor in appropriate formats, thus providing valuable awareness and feedback of group interaction and performance as well as may help identify and assess the real skills and intentions of participants. The most important benefit expected from the conceptual model for interaction data analysis and management is a great improvement and enhancement of the learning and teaching collaborative experiences.Finally, the possibilities of using distributed and Grid technology to support real CSCL environments are also extensively explored in this thesis. The results of this investigation lead to conclude that the features provided by these technologies form an ideal context for supporting and meeting demanding requirements of collaborative learning applications. This approach is taken one step further for enhancing the possibilities of the computational model in the CSCL domain and it is successfully adopted on an empirical and application basis. From the results achieved, it is proved the feasibility of distributed technologies to considerably enhance and improve the collaborative learning experience. In particular, the use of Grid computing is successfully applied for the specific purpose of increasing the efficiency of processing a large amount of information from group activity log files.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2133762 bytes, checksum: b34b752ed47f3b9821ca96154f10e962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Assumes that the use of Collaborative Learning Environments (CLE), along with the educational practices and methods that encourage collaboration, can act as mechanisms that contribute to educational improvement of education in courses of Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The research investigates the use of Moodle promotes a collaborative learning in the discipline of Economics Introduction to Economics course for UFPB / Campus I. And aims to verify how the information resources are developed in the learning process, identifying the procedures of the Information Management (IM), and investigate the conditions of teaching and learning offered in Moodle to encourage students to construct knowledge collaboratively, identifying the procedures of knowledge management (KM) in the discipline exercised. To do that, as theoretical concepts of Information Science (IS), Education, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Information, Knowledge, Collaboration, Collaborative Learning, CLE, GI and CG, to provide the necessary basis the study to achieve their goals. It adopts a qualitative approach is an exploratory, analytical method and case study as methodological tools to guide the search. Elect to interview, systematic observation and semi-structured questionnaire to collect tools and analysis and data. The results show that the use of Moodle promoted the construction of knowledge in a collaborative manner among students of introductory economics course, however differently, since not all cases of GI and CG, needed to provide the opportunity for development of learning collaborative were dealt with as stated by the theories advocated by the research. The situations of collaborative learning among students were not carried out continuously in the discipline. The analysis of participation of students in the tools, forums, quizzes, resources and tasks, show hypothetically possible problems related to motivation and attitude of students in relation to the use of Moodle. We stress the need to promote actions that allow a means for students to understand the benefits of using Moodle and realize that learning collaboratively, beyond the barriers of an individualized learning, for suggesting the exchange, transfer, and gain knowledge among all participants. Finally, it suggests new prospects for the involvement of CI in CLE, emphasizing their social responsibility to promote information and knowledge to citizens, even education as a field for that goal. / Presume que a utilização de Ambientes Colaborativos de Aprendizagem (ACA), juntamente com a utilização de práticas educacionais e métodos que estimulem a colaboração, podem atuar como mecanismos capazes de contribuir para a melhoria educacional do ensino dos cursos presenciais de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). A pesquisa investiga como a utilização da plataforma Moodle promove a aprendizagem de forma colaborativa na disciplina Introdução à Economia do curso presencial de Ciências Econômicas da UFPB/Campus I. E tem como objetivos verificar como os recursos informacionais são desenvolvidos no processo de aprendizagem, identificando quais os procedimentos da Gestão da Informação (GI), e investigar as condições de ensino-aprendizagem proporcionadas no Moodle para estimular os alunos a construírem conhecimento de forma colaborativa, identificando quais os procedimentos da Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) exercidos na disciplina. Para tanto, adota-se como referencial teórico os conceitos da Ciência da Informação (CI), Educação, Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), Informação, Conhecimento, Colaboração, Aprendizagem Colaborativa, ACA, GI e GC, para dar o embasamento necessário ao estudo visando alcançar os objetivos propostos. Adota-se a abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratório-analítico e o método do estudo de caso como recursos metodológicos para direcionar a pesquisa. Elegem-se a entrevista, a observação sistemática e o questionário semiestruturado como instrumentos de coleta e análise e dados. Os resultados mostram que a utilização do Moodle promoveu a construção de conhecimentos de forma colaborativa entre os alunos da disciplina Introdução à Economia, no entanto de maneira diferenciada, visto que, nem todos os processos de GI e GC, necessários para oportunizar o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem colaborativa, foram contemplados conforme postulam as teorias defendidas pela pesquisa. As situações colaborativas de aprendizagem entre os alunos não foram realizadas de forma contínua na disciplina. A análise das participações dos alunos nas ferramentas fóruns, questionários, recursos e tarefas, mostram de forma hipotética, possíveis problemas relacionados à motivação e a postura dos alunos frente à utilização do Moodle. Ressalta-se a necessidade de promover ações que possibilitem meios para que os alunos entendam os benefícios da utilização do Moodle e percebam que aprender de forma colaborativa, ultrapassa as barreiras de uma aprendizagem individualizada, por sugerir a troca, o repasse, e o ganho de conhecimento entre todos os participantes. Por fim, ela sugere novas perspectivas de atuação da CI em ACA, enfatizando a sua responsabilidade social em promover a informação e o conhecimento para os cidadãos, admitindo a Educação como um campo de atuação para tal meta.

This dissertation seo out to investigate if use of visually symbolic representations in addition to the more traditional written methods of the key elements 9theme, setting, characterisation) of a short story would support South African ESL learners to grow in their interpretation and appreciation and appreciation of English literary texts. The assertion was that using a multimodal (verbal-visual) transmediated interpretation of the key elements (theme, setting, characterisation)of a short story might afford ESL learners a "deeper reading" (inferential comprehension and appreciation) of a literary text, and that the learners could also be supported to grow in their interpretation and appreciation of English literature. The research findings of the literary analysis project revealed that ESL learners with a "satisfactory" English proficiency can be supported by using transmediation to engage them in rich interpretations of literary genres to realise their interpretations linguistically in written academic eesays. / English Studies / M. A.

Η παρούσα διατριβή αναδεικνύει τα πλεονεκτήματα της διδακτικής στρατηγικής της Μάθησης Βασισμένης σε Προβλήματα (ΜΒΠ), αλλά και των περιορισμών που υπάρχουν στην εφαρμογή της στην εργαστηριακή εκπαίδευση. Τα Εικονικά Περιβάλλοντα Πολλών Χρηστών (Multi-User Virtual Environments - MUVEs) όπως το Second Life (SL) είναι τρισδιάστατα συνεργατικά εικονικά περιβάλλοντα τα οποία θα μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν συμπληρωματικούς ή και εναλλακτικούς κόσμους για την υλοποίηση εργαστηριακών δραστηριοτήτων ΜΒΠ με χαμηλό κόστος, υψηλή διαθεσιμότητα και ασφάλεια. Ο στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν ο σχεδιασμός και η εμπειρική αξιολόγηση μιας απλής δραστηριότητας ΜΒΠ τόσο στον εικονικό όσο και στον πραγματικό κόσμο. Η εμπειρική αξιολόγηση περιλάμβανε μια περιγραφική (Ν=30) και μια ημι-πειραματική έρευνα (Ν=150) με φοιτητές Πανεπιστημίου. Τα αποτελέσματα υποδεικνύουν ότι δεν υπάρχουν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των περιβαλλόντων στο μαθησιακό αποτέλεσμα, την ευχρηστία, την ικανοποίηση από τη συνεργασία και την ευχαρίστηση από την εμπειρία. Ωστόσο υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ότι το SL εκλαμβάνεται ως πιο ευχάριστο και άτυπο περιβάλλον μάθησης. Η ικανοποίηση συσχετίζεται θετικά με την αίσθηση παρουσίας. Η δραστηριότητα διαρκεί περισσότερο στο SL λόγω των διαδικασιών χειρισμού και της μειωμένης μη λεκτικής επικοινωνίας, παράγοντες που φαίνεται να «επιβάλλουν» ένα πιο κατακερματισμένο μοτίβο ομιλίας. / This dissertation identifies the advantages of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) instructional strategy and acknowledges the limitations of classic laboratory education to support it. Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) like Second Life (SL) are 3D collaborative virtual environments that could act as complementary or alternative worlds for the implementation of PBL activities offering low cost, safe and always available environments. The aim of this dissertation was to design and empirically evaluate a simple PBL activity in both the real and virtual worlds, by carrying out a descriptive study (N=30) and a quasi-experimental study (N=150) with University students. The results showed that the MUVE provided similar learning outcomes, engagement, usability and satisfaction to the real world condition. SL is perceived as more pleasurable and informal learning environment than reality. Satisfaction is positively correlated with presence. The PBL activity tends to last longer in SL that in real world, mainly due to control procedures and reduced nonverbal communication, that also “impose” a more fragmented pattern of verbal communication.

本研究旨在探討，基於知識翻新教學（knowledge building pedagogy）所建立的電腦支援協作學習環境，能否協助提昇學生對科學理論本質的理解。研究對象為52位修習「自然科學概論」課程的大學生。教學設計以知識翻新教學法為原則，並輔以知識論壇（Knowledge Forum）線上合作學習平台。 資料來源包括：（1）學期前後對科學理論本質理解之開放式問卷；（2）平台討論內容；（3）平台活動量(包括貼文數、回文數等數據資料等)。資料分析採用質性內容分析法及量化成對T考驗、卡方考驗等方式。 研究結果指出：(1)經由知識翻新教學，學生於學期後對科學理論本質理解產生顯著轉變。學生對科學理論本質的觀點，在期初較偏向邏輯實證主義：認為理論主要來自於對自然界的觀察、發現；或視理論為絕對客觀、正確的實驗結果；或認為理論主要是經由科學家個人所產生，並且是一種具有權威性且不可改變的存在。然而，在期末時，學生對理論本質的理解則轉變為比較建構取向的理解：認為理論是科學家或科學社群的發明，其結果受社會與人文因素等影響；或認為理論本身可以透過某些標準被評價，例如解釋力、適當性、邏輯流暢度等，因此理論能夠被不斷翻新修正。(2)學生在學習平台上進行探究活動中呈現的科學概念層次隨時間經過而不斷進步。學生在後半學期能使用更明確而具體的科學訊息、證據，對議題進行討論。(3)最後，學生對科學理論本質理解的轉變，以及其科學探究概念層次的高低，皆與其在平台活動量（如參與程度等）有正向關連。 針對上述結果，本研究提出相關討論與建議，以供現場教師或未來研究者之用。 / The aim of this study was to investigate whether students can develop a better understanding of the nature of scientific theories after engaging in a computer supported collaborative knowledge building environment. Participants were 52 undergraduate students who took a course about nature sciences. The instruction of this course was designed based on knowledge building pedagogy, using Knowledge Forum as a tool for students to construct their theories about scientific phenomena through online collaboration. Data sources included: （1） a pre-post open-ended questionnaire that investigated students’ understanding of the nature of scientific theories; （2） the content of an online forum in which students posted their ideas; （3） students’ activities in the forum, for instance, number of students’ notes contributed, or number of notes built-on to each other’s notes. Data were analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative methods. From a qualitative perspective, we used content analysis to evaluate the quality of students’ discussion; from a quantitative perspectivea, paired t-test and chi-square were used to examine students’ change of views regarding the nature of scientific theories after the course. The results showed that after a semester, students were able to develop a more constructivist-oriented view toward the nature of scientific theories. Their view shifted from a more positivist-oriented perspective to a more constructivist-oriented one. Further, the finding showed that there was significant improvement in students’ scientific inquiry as reflected in the progressively more sophisticated levels of the scientific concepts discussed online. Moreover, it was found that there was a statistically significant, positive correlation between students’ enhanced understanding of the nature of scientific theory and the intensity of students’ online activities. Additionally, the results also indicated that there was a significant, positive correlation between the depth of students’ scientific inquiry ( as reflected in the concepts inquired and discussed online) and the extent of students’ online activities. Some further suggestions and implications were also discussed in the study.

Digitaliseringen av förskolan är ett faktum och läroplanen för förskolan är under förändring. Denna förändring kräver ökad kompetensutveckling för förskollärare eftersom ansvaret vilar hos dem att förse de stora barngrupperna med kunskap som de har rätt till. Ett sätt för huvudmannen att förse förskollärarna med kompetensutveckling är via IKT-grupper.Syftet med grupperna är att deltagarna ska inspireras och ta del av varandras arbete med digitala verktyg i förskolan. Syftet med vår undersökning är att belysa hur förskolläraren tar del av information om hur lärplattan kan användas som ett verktyg i verksamheten. Samtidigt syftar vår undersökning till att undersöka hur förskolläraren tillämpar lärplattan tillsammans med förskolebarn i den planerade aktiviteten. Studien grundas på observationer av planerade aktiviteter samt intervjuer med förskollärare från fyra förskolor i två kommuner i Mellansverige.Vårt resultat visar att förskollärare använder lärplattor i kombination med andra digitala verktyg för att engagera och göra fler barn delaktiga i de gemensamma lärprocesserna. Vidare visar vår forskning en indikation på att sociala medier är förskollärares primära inspirationskälla till utvecklandet av IKT-undervisningen och lärmiljön i förskolan.

Les environnements multi-surfaces (MSE) combinent plusieurs surfaces dans une variété d'arrangements physiques pour former un espace d'information continu. Les grandes surfaces, telles que les tables et les écrans muraux, sont souvent utilisées comme espace partagé pour coordonner les efforts, et les périphériques portables, tels que les tablettes et les smartphones sont considérés comme des espaces personnels prenant en charge les tâches individuelles. Les MSE ont montré des avantages pour soutenir les activités co-implémentées, en particulier celles impliquant une exploration de données riches, telles que des activités collaboratives complexes de résolution de problèmes et de prise de décision. Cependant, la diversité des MSE soulève également des questions et des défis, car différents facteurs de configuration et dispositifs de MSE peuvent être adaptés à différents types d'activités, et le développement d'activités de collaboration dans les MSE reste complexe. Cette dissertation étudie comment les MSE peuvent soutenir la collaboration des utilisateurs en général et l'apprentissage collaboratif en particulier. Elle fournit des informations sur la façon dont la configuration et les facteurs de forme des périphériques des MSE façonnent les comportements collaboratifs des utilisateurs et propose des implications pour la conception d'activités collaboratives dans des MSE. Elle offre également un outil de prototypage rapide, qui peut être facilement utilisé par des non-experts, tels que des enseignants, afin de créer des activités de prise de décision collaboratives dans des MSE. / Multi-surface environments (MSEs) combine several of surfaces in a variety of physical arrangements to form a seamless information space. The large surfaces, such as tabletops and wall-displays are often used as a shared space to coordinate efforts, and handheld devices, such as tablets and smartphones are regarded as personal space supporting individual tasks. MSEs have shown benefits for supporting co-located activities, especially the ones involving rich data exploration, such as complex collaborative problem-solving and decision-making activities. However, the diversity of MSE also raises questions and challenges, as different configuration and devices factors of MSE can be suited for different kinds of activities, and developing collaborative activities in MSE remains complex. This dissertation studies how MSE can support users' collaboration in general, and collaborative learning specifically. It provides insights on how the configuration and form factors of devices in MSE shape users' collaborative behaviors, and offers implications on designing collaborative activities in MSE. It also contributes with a rapid prototyping tool, which can be easily used by non-experts, such as teachers, to create collaborative decision-making activities in MSE.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre as contribuições que a prática de jogos teatrais pode trazer para o aprendizado de língua estrangeira (italiano). A hipótese de nossa pesquisa é que a realização de jogos teatrais a partir de modelos de ação (KOUDELA, 1991, 1996), práticas muito comuns à pedagogia do teatro, possa criar novas oportunidades/situações de aprendizagem e potencializar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas na perspectiva da abordagem comunicativa. Para isso, utilizamos como base as fichas de jogos propostos por Spolin (2001), as quais foram ampliadas e contextualizadas para o contexto de línguas. Quanto aos aspectos teóricos, procuramos apresentar o conceito de jogo, o sistema de jogos da norte-americana Viola Spolin, reflexões sobre protocolo e modelo de ação. Procuramos ainda, relacionar esses conceitos, inerentes à pedagogia do Teatro, à hierarquia de abordagens, métodos e técnicas (ANTHONY, 1963; RICHARDS & RODGERS, 1986), à aprendizagem colaborativa de línguas (FIGUEIREDO, 2003), ao ensino comunicativo (ALMEIDA FILHO 1993, 2012; RICHARDS, 2006) e à pedagogia Pós-Método (KUMARAVADIVELU, 1994, 2003). A experiência que fundamentou nosso trabalho foi realizada com alunos e professores de língua italiana, no mês de julho de 2012, em um curso de difusão cultural da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo ministrado pelo próprio pesquisador. Como metodologia da pesquisa, servimo-nos da análise de dados qualitativos obtidos através do visionamento das aulas gravadas, da aplicação de questionário inicial e final e produção de protocolos realizados pelos participantes (KOUDELA, 1996, 2001). A análise dos dados sinaliza para as seguintes contribuições dos jogos teatrais para a sala de comunicativa, tais como: desenvolvimento da autonomia de alunos e professores em relação ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, uso integrado das habilidades comunicativas, facilitação da interação negociada e construção de ambientes autênticos de interação oral durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas / The present study intends to propose a reflection about the contributions the practice of theater games may bring to the learning of a foreign language (Italian). The hypothesis of our research is that the theater games achievement from action models (KOUDELA, 1991, 1996), fairly common practice to the pedagogy of theater, can create new opportunities/learning situations and potentiate the teaching-learning of language process in the communicative approach perspective. To this purpose, we use the records of games proposed by Spolin (2001) as basis, which were extended and contextualized to the context of languages related to the language teaching. Regarding theoretical aspects, we try to present the game concept, the game system of the North American Viola Spolin, reflections about protocol and action model. We also seek to relate these concepts inherent to the theater pedagogy, the hierarchy of approaches, methods and tecniques (ANTHONY, 1963; RICHARDS & RODGERS, 1986), the collaborative language learning (FIGUEIREDO, 2003), the communicative teaching (ALMEIDA FILHO 1993, 2012; RICHARDS, 2006) and the Post-Method pedagogy (KUMARAVADIVELU, 1994, 2003). The experience which grounded our study was conducted with students and teachers of the Italian language, in July of 2012, in a course called Cultural Diffusion ministered by the own researcher performed by University of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences of São Paulo. As a research methodology, we serve of the qualitative data analysis obtained by the viewing of recorded lectures and implementing of initial and final questionnaire and protocols production performed by participants (KOUDELA, 1996, 2001). The data analysis points to the following theater games contributions to the communicative room, such as: development of students and teachers autonomy in relation the teaching-learning process, integrated use of communication skills, facilitation of interaction / negotiation and construction of authentic environments of oral interaction during the teaching-learning process of languages

Em Aprendizagem Colaborativa com Suporte Computacional (ACSC), o planejamento instrucional consiste em obter uma sequência de interações instrucionais que definem o conteúdo instrucional como a representação do que deve ser ensinado e da forma em que os participantes devem interagir, denominada informação de planejamento instrucional. O desenvolvimento, adaptação e personalização de unidades concisas de estudo compostas por recursos instrucionais e informação de planejamento instrucional, denominadas unidades de aprendizagem, envolve um processo de planejamento instrucional complexo que consome muito tempo e apresenta um conjunto de tarefas repetitivas a serem efetuadas pelos projetistas instrucionais. Neste trabalho, o planejamento instrucional em ACSC é modelado como um problema de planejamento hierárquico para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento, adaptação e personalização das unidades de aprendizagem de forma automática. A modelagem consiste na representação do domínio a ser ensinado, das caraterísticas dos estudantes e das estratégias de planejamento instrucional na linguagem do sistema JSHOP2ip, um sistema de planejamento hierárquico desenvolvido para dar solução aos problemas específicos de planejamento instrucional. Para avaliar a modelagem proposta, efetuamos o desenvolvimento de um gerador de cursos colaborativos como um serviço Web usando a modelagem proposta e o sistema JSHOP2ip, no qual foram avaliados o desempenho, a modelagem das estratégias e a saída do planejador. Além disso, para demonstrar a viabilidade do modelo proposto em situações reais, efetuamos o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de autoria de unidades de aprendizagem que emprega o gerador de cursos colaborativos. / In Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), the goal of instructional design is to obtain a instructional interaction sequence that define the instructional content as a representation of what should be taught and the way in which participants must interact, called instructional planning information. The development, adaptation and personalization of basic units of study comprised of the instructional resources and instructional planning information, called units of learning, that involves a complex instructional planning process, time consuming and repetitive. In this work, the instructional design in CSCL is modeled as hierarchical planning problem to support the development, adaptation and personalization for units of learning. The modeling is the representation of the domain to be taught, the characteristics of students and instructional strategies in JSHOP2ip, an independent hierarchical planning system designed to solve problems of instructional design. To evaluate the proposed model, we developed a collaborative course generator as a Web service using the proposed model and JSHOP2ip system, upon which we evaluated the performance, modeling strategies and the output scheduler. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model in real situations, we developed an authoring tool for units of learning employing the collaborative course generator

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_anderson_lopes.pdf: 5606897 bytes, checksum: aaf6a34c7f63ae1ba0117dbdec6689dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is inserted in the thematic with reference to evaluation in Distance Education (DE). In this context the study aims to discuss the viability of the evaluating processes implementation in virtual environments, supported by interactive communication tools. Specially, we have intended to answer the following question: offering a course totally by distance, using digital resources and approaching a specific mathematical theme, which evaluating process allows revealing each learner development? Therefore, we have conceived and implemented a course to High School learners, involving three private schools from São Paulo State, and approaching a Geometry theme. The above mentioned course has fitted the TelEduc platform and has integrated the Cabri-Géomètre. The evaluating process which was conceived in this course has emphasized the formative, continuous and comprehensive evaluation, by adopting auxiliary mechanisms, such as self-evaluation, and the interaction and collaboration tracking which were practiced by the learners. In order to place this purpose, we have used the BLOOM (1985) theoretical bases, we have resorted to TAROUCO (2000) researches, and we have presented the KIRKPATRIC (1994) model levels, for which we have discussed the pertinence in the context in which it was inserted. Attentive to the course conditions and peculiarities, our analyses show that the activities which were characterized as true problem-situations, in a real problematic meaning, lead the learners to search for information, suggestions or confirmations from the other participants, in a perspective of a collaborative work. Regarding to the evaluating model that was purposed, the results which were obtained point at its viability conditioned on intense compromising and actuation of the former-teacher / Esta dissertação insere-se na temática relativa à avaliação em Educação a Distância (EaD). Nesse contexto, o estudo pretende discutir a viabilidade da implementação de processos avaliativos em ambientes virtuais, suportado por ferramentas de comunicação interativas. Em particular, buscamos responder a seguinte questão: ao se disponibilizar um curso, totalmente a distância, utilizando recursos digitais e abordando um tema matemático específico, qual processo avaliativo permite revelar o desempenho de cada aluno? Para tanto, concebemos e implementamos um curso para alunos do Ensino Médio, envolvendo três escolas particulares do Estado de São Paulo e abordando um tema de Geometria. O referido curso assentou-se na plataforma TelEduc e integrou o ambiente Cabri-Géomètre. O processo avaliativo concebido nesse curso deu ênfase à avaliação formativa, contínua e abrangente, adotando mecanismos auxiliares, como a auto-avaliação e o rastreamento da interação e da colaboração praticada pelos alunos. Para situar esta proposta, utilizamos os fundamentos teóricos de BLOOM (1985), recorremos à pesquisa de TAROUCO (2000) e apresentamos os níveis do modelo de KIRKPATRICK (1994), para os quais discutimos a pertinência no contexto em que foi inserido. Atentos às condições e especificidades do curso, nossas análises mostram que atividades caracterizadas como verdadeiras situações-problema, no sentido de uma efetiva problematização, levam os alunos à busca de informações, sugestões ou contribuições dos demais participantes, numa perspectiva de um trabalho colaborativo. Quanto ao modelo avaliativo proposto, os resultados obtidos apontam para sua viabilidade, condicionada ao intenso comprometimento e atuação do professor-formador