Det övergripande syftet med arbetet är att undersöka den relation som kan tänkas konstrueras i mötet mellan text och mottagare genom skolans skriftliga omdömen. Det mer precisa syftet är att ta reda på om skriftliga omdömen, trots sin instrumentella natur och standardiserade utformning, även rymmer en social och mellanmänsklig dimension. I arbetets metodavsnitt görs en textanalys av 72 autentiska skriftliga omdömen. Genom en textanalys kartläggs texternas interpersonella struktur, och med ett deduktivt förhållningssätt tolkas sedan resultatet utifrån ett relationellt perspektiv på utbildning. I textanalysen framkommer att värdeord är vanliga i de skriftliga omdömena och att de främst används för bedömning av elevers sociala förmågor och färdigheter. Värdeorden speglar vidare en pedagogisk diskurs med tydliga influenser av en socialt orienterad skola, där bedömningar av elever tenderar att innefatta även deras personlighet och karaktär. Texterna är också påverkade av diskursen om kunskapseffektivitet och en mätbar skola, vilket mestadels skrivs fram som siffror eller poäng i de skriftliga omdömena. Mot bakgrund av relationell pedagogik och Martin Bubers tankar om den relationella människan, granskas hur texterna knyter an och relaterar till eleverna. Resultatet visar att de skriftliga omdömena har låg potential att skapa de genuina möten som enligt ett relationellt perspektiv på utbildning är avgörande för att utveckling och lärande ska ske. Texterna uppvisar visserligen tydliga relationella intentioner, men dessa snarare hindrar än främjar ett fruktbart möte mellan text och mottagare med anledning av sin fokus på elevernas sociala färdigheter. I arbetets avslutande del föreslås hur relationell pedagogik, beskrivet som ett pedagogiskt förhållningssätt, skulle kunna utgöra ett alternativ till hur man tänker kring de skriftliga omdömena i skolan.

No description available.

The interest of this study was preschool teachers’ experiences of creating and maintaining good relations to preschool children and the children’s response to these relations. Qualitative interviews with nine preschool teachers have been conducted in order to obtain the empirical material. The study has a lifeworld phenomenological approach and the theoretical points of departure are the interhuman thesis of Martin Buber, relational pedagogy and a philosophical caring perspective. The result shows that a good relation between preschool teacher and parents leads to good repercussions in the preschool teachers’ relation to the child. The preschool teachers’ approach concerning the ability to interpret the children’s different body languages, signals and needs is also an important part of the result. Further result shows that creating good relations to the children sometimes can be a time-consuming work. The children have a good ability to choose which adult that most satisfying can meet their current needs. The preschool teachers express the importance of the children’s right to their own emotions, mutual mental communication between child and preschool teacher, joy, positivity, to meet around common memories and an accepting and available environment. The preschool teachers also talk about being true to their own person in their relational work with the children or the children lose their trust in the adult. Different dilemmas were expressed regarding creating and maintaining good relations to the children in preschool and mainly focused on preschool teachers’ different approaches towards the children as problematic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TERESA PALETTA LOMAR.pdf: 764358 bytes, checksum: 838c90591f54aab8d3bc8d4fa7fcdb6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main objective of this research was to get to know how teachers in a public school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, understand dialog in educational practices inside a classroom environment where a full-time educational project is being implemented, following the dialogic perspective of teaching. The understanding of dialog this research is based on comes from the works of Paulo Freire and Martin Buber. For these two authors, education toward humanization can´t happen without dialog because this is the most essential human attitude by which man surpasses his condition as an object to wholy become subject. This research is qualitative with a fenomenological-existentialist basis. Four teachers involved in the ongoing project in the school participated in this study, and with whom five meetings were arranged where reflexive interviews were done following Szymanski´s proposal. The analysis of the data was inspired by existential fenomenology hermeneutics to reveal the meanings of dialog present in the understanding of the teachers. The results that were reached show comprehension of dialog as communication, associated with liberty and to consideration towards others. The results, though, show it is unassociated to educational practice which should, instead, establish limits and exert power in order to exercise responsibility. This research indicates the need for reflection and deepening of the meaning of dialogical education by teachers, reaffirming its libertarian character based on a responsible authority that promotes responsibility in fellow students / A presente pesquisa buscou conhecer como o diálogo situado na prática educativa em sala de aula é compreendido por professoras de uma escola pública do município de São Paulo, na qual está sendo implementado um projeto de educação em tempo integral, segundo a perspectiva dialógica de ensino. A compreensão de diálogo aqui adotada fundamenta-se nos pensamentos de Paulo Freire e Martin Buber. Segundo estes dois autores, a educação, estando à serviço do processo de humanização, não pode se fazer sem diálogo, já que este consistiria na atitude essencial humanizadora, por meio da qual o Homem ultrapassa a condição de objeto e realiza-se plenamente como sujeito. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de base fenomenológico-existencial. Participaram do estudo quatro professoras envolvidas no projeto em andamento na escola, com as quais foram feitos cinco encontros coletivos para realização de entrevistas reflexivas, segundo a proposta de Szymanski. A análise dos dados inspirou-se na Fenomenologia Existencial de cunho hermenêutico para se desvelar os sentidos de diálogo presentes no discurso das professoras. Os resultados alcançados apontam para a compreensão do diálogo como comunicação, associada à liberdade e à consideração do Outro. Apareceu, porém como dissociado da ação educativa que estabelece limites e exerce poder, chamando ao exercício da responsabilidade. O trabalho indica a necessidade de se aprofundar a concepção de educação dialógica junto a professores, reafirmando seu caráter ao mesmo tempo libertário e calcado em uma autoridade responsável e responsabilizadora em relação aos educandos

<p>The aim of this study is to construct as philosophical conceptualization of pedagogical attitude. Founded on Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue, the construction suggested in the study takes on a normative character, thus understanding pedagogical attitude as a matter of pedagogical creed. The author proposes a construction where existence is understood as a matter of Calling and Respons(e)ibility. Pedagogical attitude is thus understood in accordance with the notion of paying heed, responsibly responding and calling. As a consequence this conceptualization calls on the teacher to speak authentically, serve, embrace a loving leadership, provoke and dare to take risks.</p><p>Within the concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility, “calling” means addressing a particular other, whilst respons(e)ibility is a term chosen to make the concept connote to the response as well as the responsibility taken in relation to a particular calling. The concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility is understood as closely connected to the religious concept of vocation, although recycled in a secularized meaning, thereby put forth as a matter of realizing the fate of the teacher, the student as well as the field/subject. The concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility is in the study connected to the notions of “mothering”, obedience and adjustment as well as to the notions of responsibility, fidelity and being enterprising.</p><p>Using a methodological approach of philosophical conceptualization suggested by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, the study sets out to reuse such old theological concepts as vocation, calling, paying heed and responding responsibly in new forms in a pedagogical context, thereby intending to discover, articulate and discern new aspects of that context. </p><p>By conceptualizing pedagogical attitude on the basis of an existential, normative and relational perspective, using the notion of calling and respons(e)ability, the study aspires to contribute to the ongoing conversation concerning teacher-student-relationship. </p>

The aim of this study is to construct as philosophical conceptualization of pedagogical attitude. Founded on Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue, the construction suggested in the study takes on a normative character, thus understanding pedagogical attitude as a matter of pedagogical creed. The author proposes a construction where existence is understood as a matter of Calling and Respons(e)ibility. Pedagogical attitude is thus understood in accordance with the notion of paying heed, responsibly responding and calling. As a consequence this conceptualization calls on the teacher to speak authentically, serve, embrace a loving leadership, provoke and dare to take risks. Within the concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility, “calling” means addressing a particular other, whilst respons(e)ibility is a term chosen to make the concept connote to the response as well as the responsibility taken in relation to a particular calling. The concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility is understood as closely connected to the religious concept of vocation, although recycled in a secularized meaning, thereby put forth as a matter of realizing the fate of the teacher, the student as well as the field/subject. The concept of Calling and Respons(e)ibility is in the study connected to the notions of “mothering”, obedience and adjustment as well as to the notions of responsibility, fidelity and being enterprising. Using a methodological approach of philosophical conceptualization suggested by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, the study sets out to reuse such old theological concepts as vocation, calling, paying heed and responding responsibly in new forms in a pedagogical context, thereby intending to discover, articulate and discern new aspects of that context. By conceptualizing pedagogical attitude on the basis of an existential, normative and relational perspective, using the notion of calling and respons(e)ability, the study aspires to contribute to the ongoing conversation concerning teacher-student-relationship.

Sammanfattning Utgångspunkten i masteravhandlingen är att mellanmänsklig dialog är en förutsättning för tänkande i konstnärliga processer. Mitt syfte är att undersöka vilka dialogiska former som är verksamma i tänkande och hur relationen mellan dialog och tänkande kan interagera i olika konstnärliga kontexter. Masteravhandlingen är uppbyggd med tre spår: teorispåret, samtalsspåret och dramatikspåret. I teorispåret utgår jag ifrån Martin Bubers, Michail Bachtins och Hannah Arendts texter om dialog och tänkande. I samtalsspåret diskuterar jag teoretikernas idéer med en fokusgrupp bestående av yrkesverksamma konstnärer inom skilda konstnärliga discipliner. Informanternas erfarenheter kommer i dialog med teorierna. I dramatikspåret presenterar jag exempel på hur sceniska dialoger kan tillföra ytterligare en komplexitetsnivå i diskussionen om vår förmåga och oförmåga till mellanmänsklig dialog. De tre spåren visar tillsammans, utifrån skilda infallsvinklar, att dialog i konstnärligaprocesser inte är möjlig utan en ömsesidig tillit. Tilliten ska i sammanhanget förstås som en aktiv handling att vilja samtala, för att kunna samtala. Det framkommer också hur betydelsefull frågan och lyssnandet är för att kunna tänka och ha en dialog. När vi ställer frågor behöver vi öppna oss för att vi inte vet och lyssna för att höra även det vi inte förväntar oss. De oväntade frågorna och det oväntade lyssnandet. Spåren visar också hur tänkande inbegriper ett görande, i en konkret och fysisk bemärkelse, som en förutsättning för att fördjupa tankeprocesser. Kroppen som en del av tanken. Till detta utmärks konstnärligt arbete av att ha en riktning utanför sig själv, en riktning vars vilja är att kommunicera med den andre. Utan riktning till konstverkens mottagare faller dialogen samman. / Abstract The premise of this master’s thesis is that - within the context of the artistic process -interpersonal dialogue is a prerequisite for the act of thinking. My aim is to investigate which dialogue forms are active in such acts of thinking and how dialogue and thinking can interact in different artistic contexts. The thesis consists of three tracks: a theory track, a conversation track and a drama track. In the theory track, I expand on Martin Buber’s, Michail Bachtin’s and Hannah Arendt’s texts on dialogue and the act of thinking. In the conversation track I discuss these theories with a focus group of professional artists active in a variety of fields. Here the practical experiences of the informants come into dialogue with the theories expressed in the thesis. In the drama track, I show how different scenic dialogues are able to add yet another level of complexity to the discussion of our ability (or inability) to participate in interpersonal dialogue. The three tracks show from a variety of perspectives that dialogue within the artistic process is not possible without mutual trust. In this context trust is understood as an act of intending to engage in dialog. Mutual trust also exposes the importance of questioning and listening in order to be able to think and participate in dialogue. When we ask a question we must be open to that which we do not know and to that we do not expect to hear. The tracks also show that the act of thinking is also an action, in a physical, practical sense, which is itself a prerequisite to being able to think more deeply. It is also important that artistic work be characterized by having an aim beyond itself - an ambition to communicate with an Other. Without such an aim, dialogue can only fail.

[pt] Esta tese, Bebês e livros: relação, sutileza, reciprocidade e vínculo, busca compreender especificidades da relação dos bebês no encontro com os livros. Que itinerários percorrem até o encontro com este objeto? Que elementos convidam, provocam o bebê a essa interação? O que os gestos e ações dos bebês revelam, desvelam sobre seus modos de receber e compreender este artefato da cultura? Indagações que subjazem à premissa de que o bebê atua sobre objetos e situações a partir de sua condição de pessoa. A relação, tomada como princípio, assume a sutileza como fio que tece convites, abertura para o acolhimento dos diferentes itinerários de cada bebê no seu processo de imersão no mundo, para o qual o bebê se dá em pequenas doses. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma creche filantrópico-conveniada, da zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A primeira parte da tese versa sobre essas considerações na construção das categorias bebês, relação, sutileza, reciprocidade e vínculo. Categorias que orientam a segunda parte da pesquisa, na qual se desdobram reflexões sobre as ações dos bebês com as outras pessoas – bebês e adultos – e com os livros. Ações construídas e observadas a partir da proposta de cenários literários que envolveram objetos – livros, tecido, câmera fotográfica –, e as pessoas da pesquisa. Os itinerários relacionais dos bebês apontam para uma relação subversiva com o livro, que se coaduna com os movimentos inaugurais, espontâneos, marcados pela força dos gestos que põem o livro al dente; do livro que instiga jogo a partir de sua materialidade – abre-fecha-abre-fecha –, dos brinquedos com a língua; da reciprocidade e do vínculo que se desdobram a partir das relações e interações entre pessoas e livros. Especificidades que convidam a refletir sobre o antes, sobre gestos e movimentos que despontam possível gênese da descoberta do livro pelo bebê. A partir dessa relação, o livro revela-se como matéria e materialidade fora do lugar ordenado, sacralizado que, por vezes, ocupa institucional e socialmente, levando-o a ser alterado, modificado, atualizado a partir da força transformadora do bebê. Faces e interfaces geracionais que se fiam na sutileza, na reciprocidade, no vínculo, confirmando a relação como princípio. Os estudos da Filosofia Antropológica de Martin Buber, da Psicologia e Psicanálise de Donald W. Winnicott compõem o tecido sob o qual tece, fia, se desfia, se fabula sobre bebês e livros. / [fr] Cette thèse, Bébés et livres: relation, subtilité, réciprocité et lien cherche à comprendre des spécificités de la relation des bébés dans sa rencontre avec les livres. Quels chemins trace-t-il jusqu à la rencontre de cet objet? Quels éléments invitent, attirent le bébé à cette interaction? Quelles manières de recevoir et de comprendre cet artefact de la culture sont révèlées et dévoilées par les gestes et les actions des bébés? Questions qui sont soumises à la prémisse que le bébé agit sur des objets et des situations à partir de son statut de personne. La relation prise comme principe nécessite de subtilité comme d un fil qui tisse des invitations, ouverture pour accueillir des différents itinéraires de chaque bébé dans son processus d immersion dans le monde, pour lequel le bébé est donné à petites doses. La recherche a été réalisée dans une crèche philanthropique-convenue, situé dans la zone sud de la ville de Rio de Janeiro. La première partie de la thèse traite de ces considérations pour la construction des catégories bébés, relation, subtilité, réciprocité et lien. Celles qui guident la deuxième partie de la recherche, dans laquel les réflexions se déroulent sur les actions des bébés envers d autres personnes - bébés et adultes - et des livres. Actions construites et observées à partir de la proposition de scénarios littéraires impliquant des objets - livres, tissu, caméra, - et les participants à la recherche. Les itinéraires relationnels des bébés pointent vers une relation subversive avec le livre qui s inscrit dans les mouvements inauguraux, spontanés, marqués par la force des gestes dont ils prennent le livre aux dents; du livre qui incite à jouer à partir de sa matérialité - ouvrir-fermer-ouvrir-fermer - jeux et jouets avec la langue; de la réciprocité et du lien qui se déroulent à partir des relations et interactions entre les gens et les livres. Des spécificités qui invitent à réfléchir sur l avant, sur des gestes et des mouvements qui pointent vers une possible genèse de la découverte du livre par le bébé. A partir de cette relation le livre se révèle comme matière et matérialité, au-delà de la place ordonnée et sacralisée qui, parfois, occupe à la fois institutionnellement et socialement, en devenant un objet à être modifié, actualisé par la puissance de transformation du bébé. Faces et interfaces générationnelles qui se tissent en subtilité, réciprocité, lien, misant en evidence la relation en tant que principe. Les études de la Philosophie Anthropologique de Martin Buber, la Psychologie et la Psychanalyse de Donald W. Winnicott composent le tissu où on enfile, désenfile, fabule sur bébés et les livres.

[pt] O presente trabalh o investiga o pensamento teológico político de Johann Baptist Metz, em diálogo com filósofos judeus século XX enfatizando a memória subversiva da s vítimas, como um critério comum de autoridade. Fundamenta a busca por transformação de estruturas sociais injustas no retorno às tradições judaico cristãs e m harmonia com o e spírito do Concílio Vaticano II, assum indo o projeto do Reino de Deus para a paz no mundo Os pontos convergentes incluem a Alteridade a Responsabilidade Ilimitada, o Rosto do Outro, o diálogo do Eu e Tu, a Linguagem Profética e a pol í tica engajada pela paz. A tese possui três partes: a bi ografia do autor, a Teologia do Mundo, o tempo ilimitado, história e relação da humanidade com Deus; a práxis da Teologia Fundamental, a mudança hermenêutica e a sua eficácia teológic a O segundo bloco apresenta os pensadore s de origem judaica, que sofreram com a perseguição nazista Abraham Heschel, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans Jonas e Martin Buber, relacionando suas experiências e contribuições teológicas e filosóficas. A última parte aborda o silêncio de Deus, a autoridade da vítima, o sofrimento humano, a anamnese no cristianismo, a didática narrativa, a compaixão e a responsabilidade do cristianismo na Shoá. A tese busca enfatizar o diálogo entre esses autores, rec onhecendo a relevância de suas contribuições para aproximar judaísmo e cristianismo e refletir sobre questões injustas da sociedade. Espe ra se que o trabalho desperte o interesse pelo pensamento de Metz e suas contribuições para a teologia da América Latina e do mundo, encorajando reflexões sobre importantes questões frequentemente desconsideradas. / [en] The present work investigates the theological-political thought of Johann Baptist Metz in dialogue with 20th century Jewish philosophers, emphasizing the subversive memory of the victims as a common criterion of authority. It grounds the search for the transformation of unjust social structures in return to Judeo-Christian traditions. In harmony with the spirit of the Second Vatican Council, embracing the project of God s Kingdom for peace in the world. Converging points include Otherness, Unlimited Responsibility, the Face of the Other, the dialogue of Self and Thou, Prophetic Language, and peace-engaged politics. The thesis is divided into three parts: the author s biography, the Theology of the World, unlimited time, history, and humanity s relationship with God; the praxis of Fundamental Theology, hermeneutical change, and its theological effectiveness. The second section presents thinkers of Jewish origin who suffered under Nazi persecution: Abraham Heschel, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans Jonas, and Martin Buber, relating their experiences and theological and philosophical contributions. The final part addresses the silence of God, the authority of the victim, human suffering, anamnesis in Christianity, narrative didactics, compassion, and Christianity s responsibility in the Shoah. The thesis aims to emphasize the dialogue among these authors, recognizing the relevance of their contributions to bringing Judaism and Christianity closer together and reflecting on unjust issues in society. It is hoped that this work will spark interest in Metz s thought and his contributions to Latin American and global theology, encouraging reflections on important and often overlooked questions.

99 Summary Buberův kulturní sionismus a Masarykův humanismus - komparativní studie Buber's Cultural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study Marie Venclová This thesis deals with various aspects of understanding the term nation, its roots and dimensions in the works of Martin Buber and Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. The comparative study is based on analysis of Buber's Three Addresses on Judaism and Masaryk's Problem of a Small Nation. In these texts the philosophers present their attitudes and ideas about the meaning, origin and content of the existence of a nation. The results of the comparison show, that their points of view are similar in more than a few aspects and what most importantly bonds their ideas is the moral, spiritual and cultural understanding of the meaning of a nation. Furthermore, they both stress the responsibility of each and every individual part of the society for implementing such ideas into practice. Buber's cultural Zionism as well as Masaryk's humanism are also concepts based on critical self-reflection and need of education, which serves to broaden horizons and identify positive values in one's own nation. Motivation for this thesis resided in unique legal position of the Jewish minority in Czechoslovakia after the First World War. Based on the results of the comparison we...