I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag hur den fotobaserade konstnären Denise Grünstein använder sig av det fotografiska mediets möjligheter och begränsningar. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka det narrativa draget i Denise Grünsteins iscensatta fotografier. Hur det narrativa draget gestaltas och varför Grünstein använder sig av ett narrativt drag. Begreppet narrativitet utreds och används för att tolka fem av Grünsteins fotografiska verk. Genom att förstå narrativitet öppnas även dörrar för en djupare förståelse för hur bild kommuniceras. Därav uppsatsen titel ”Jag ser vad du säger”. Uppsatsen har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i Mieke Bals teori om hur narrativitet i form av information skapas och förmedlas i bild. Bal definierar fem narrativa karaktäriseringsbegrepp: ”utmärkande gestalter”, en ”fiktiv talesperson”, ”identifierbara platser och miljöer”, ett ”hypotetiskt förhållande till tid och rum”, samt en ”förändringsprocess där en händelse övergår till en annan händelse”. De narrativa karaktäriseringsbegreppen, inom ett specifikt medium, blir pusselbitar som bidrar till att föra fram bildens dolda berättelse. Utifrån dessa karaktäriseringsbegrepp analyseras fem utvalda verk av Grünstein. Vidare har även konstnären själv, via mailkorrespondens, delgett sin bild av hur hon ser på narrativitet i förhållande till sina verk. I uppsatsens slutdiskussion fastslår jag att Micke Bals narrativa karaktäriseringsbegrepp kan användas för att analysera det narrativa draget i Grünsteins iscensatta fotografier. Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att Denise Grünstein använder sig av ett narrativt drag i sina fotografier för att ge liv åt komplexa, reflekterande och gränsöverskridande berättelser som säger någonting nytt om världen.

This Essay is about showing yourself and your pain in a private and personal state as an artist and by doing so, affecting the person closest to you. The Essay uses Susan Sontag's book "Regarding the pain of others"(2004), Kristian Vistrup Madsen's book "Doing time (2021) and Maggie Nelsons book "Bluets" as references to explore the deep meaning of art and personal tragedy and using people to make artistic conclusions.

In this paper I will address the philosophies of Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes and Thomas Ruff by considering the object, materials and processes of photography as my primary motivator to create art. I will examine the contrast between photographic imagery, as an illusion of the past, and sculpture, as a physical manifestation of the present, when creating works that ask, "What else can photography be?"

Vergleichsweise wenige Texte in den Printmedien beschäftigen sich mit Allergie als Gegenstand öffentlichen Interesses. Deshalb untersucht die Dissertation die Darstellung von Allergien in Lifestyle-Magazinen im englisch- und amerikanischsprachigen Raum. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Verbreitung von medizinischem Wissen durch die Medien. Sie zeigt, ob und wie die Medien zu Aufklärung und Information über Krankheiten, deren Relevanz, Diagnostik und Therapie, beitragen. Sie geht dabei besonders auf den Bedeutungsbereich von Wörtern ein, die als Metaphern benutzt werden. Das Fundament der Überlegungen bildet der Essay „Illness as Metaphor“ von Susan Sontag, in dem sie die Darstellung von Krankheiten und die Benutzung von Stereotypen abhandelt und Fragen, die im Zusammenhang mit Krankheit als sozialer und kultureller Angelegenheit stehen, aufwirft. Um den populärwissenschaftlichen Diskurs der analysierten Artikel in dieser Arbeit zu verstehen, wurde die von Jürgen Link entwickelte Diskursanalyse herangezogen, die sich eng an die Diskurstheorie Foucaults anlehnt. Die semiotischen Deutungsansätze werden mit Hilfe der Untersuchungen von Roland Barthes erklärt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es zu zeigen, wie die verschiedenen Diskurse ineinander greifen, welcher Mechanismus sich dahinter verbirgt und wo Ansatzpunkte für eine sachgerechte publizistische Behandlung des Themas liegen. Der Nutzen von Metaphern in der Beschreibung von Krankheiten liegt darin, dass sie kollektive Gefühlslagen ansprechen und den Denkraum des Möglichen erweitern. Dieser Aspekt ist besonders wichtig, da das Wort Allergie zu einer praktischen und populären Metapher für eine Reihe persönlicher, beruflicher oder politischer Antipathien geworden ist. Obwohl allergische Erkrankungen in der modernen Welt immer häufiger auftreten, räumen ihnen die Medien noch nicht den Platz ein, den sie -- auch ausgehend von der volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der Erkrankungen -- dringend haben müssten. / Only a few print media focus on allergies as a matter of public interest. For this reason the dissertation analyzes the presentation of allergies in English and American lifestyle magazines. This thesis examines the propagation of medical knowledge via the media. It shows if and how the media contribute to health education and information about illness, its relevance, diagnostic investigation as well as therapy. The main focus is on those words which are used as metaphors. They represent an important subject of Susan Sontag''s essay „Illness as Metaphor“ which demonstrates the presentation of illness, the use of stereotypes and thus raises issues about illness being a social and cultural matter of interest. To understand the popular scientific discourse of this dissertation Jürgen Links'' discourse analysis is being used which follows closely Foucault''s theory. The semiotic interpretation is supported by the theories developped by Roland Barthes. This dissertation aims to show how the different discourses intertwine, to bring to fore the underlying mechanisms as well as an appropiate journalistic approach. The benefit of using metaphors when describing illness is that the collective state of mind is addressed and thus the range of thinking will be broadened. This aspect is especially important because the word allergy became a convenient and popular metaphor for a number of personal, professional or political aversions. Although allergies are dramatically on the raise in the modern world, their significance is not recognized yet by the media in their complexity as it should be the case, especially against the backdrop of the economic relevance of that illness

[pt] O romance Leite de Cadela trata de momentos-chave na vida de uma família, narrados sob o ponto de vista de seus quatro membros. A trama começa com um acidente sofrido pelo pai e a partir daí, mãe e dois filhos se debatem em torno de temas como doença e saúde; educação e infância; experiência e teoria; medicina tradicional e alternativa. Para constituir-se como dissertação acadêmica, os capítulos do romance são interrompidos e comentados por dezenove ensaios breves. Estes integram o trabalho fazendo jogo de afinidades e contrastes, semelhanças e estranhamento com o enredo desdobrado, de modo a iluminar aspectos, na maioria secundários, mas que discutem questões do cotidiano atual. No diálogo da ficção com os miniensaios, evocam-se experiências da autora quando jornalista, como observadora crítica de cinema, teatro, literatura e artigos de informação científica. Busca-se trazer a encenação ficcional, centrada na medicina homeopática para um confronto com tensões e impasses característicos do presente. / [en] The novel Milk of the Dog deals with key-moments in the life of a family, narrated from the point-of-view of its four members. The plot begins with an accident, suffered by the father, and the resulting struggles of the mother and her two children. The story explores the reality of theory vs. experience in issues like health, illness, education, childhood, medicine and therapy. To support the dissertation, the chapters are interrupted and commented on, in nineteen brief essays. They mirror the fiction by reflecting affinities and contrasts, similarities and differences with the unfolding plot. The essays illuminate mostly secondary aspects, but urgent contemporary questions. In the dialogue between fiction and essay, the author s experiences as a journalist and critic are examined, as well as observations about movies, plays, literature and scientific information. We seek to bring fiction, centered on homeopathic therapy, into juxtaposition with currentday tensions and obstacles.

Öyvind Fahlström in translation aims to examine how Moderna Museet interpreted Öyvind Fahlström in Manipulate the World – Connecting Öyvind Fahlström; an exhibition that showcased pieces by the postwar artist Öyvind Fahlström together with works by contemporary artists. I understand the exhibition as a ’game of translation’, in which the artworks and the texts connected to Manipulate the World are put in play with previous interpretations of the artist. ’Game of translation’ is a concept that draws on Fahlström’s concept of game, as well as Mieke Bal’s and Susan Sontag’s different understandings on the power dynamics of interpretation. As in the works by Fahlström, Bal and Sontag, the viewer and her interpretations are placed in center of my analysis.  Manipulate the world aimed to ’activate’ Fahlström. Even though the exhibition presented Fahlström as an artist who tried to actively disrupt established narratives, I concluded that the translation of Fahlström presented in and as the exhibition relied heavily on the established history of that same artist. Within the framework of that history, Manipulate the world presented two relatively new readings of Fahlström’s art: they highlighted the presence of colonial and postcolonial criticism in Fahlström’s production and launched an understanding of the artist’s variable paintings as political models.

1 ABSTRAKT HUDZÍKOVÁ, Eliška. Camp Phenomenon and its Manifestation and Forms in Contemporary Popular Music. [Magister thesis]. Charles University on Prague. Faculty of Humanities; Department of Electronic Culture and Semiotics. Supervisor: Mgr. Felix Borecký. Professional qualification level: Master's degree. Prague: FHS UK, 2015. This Magister thesis examines the camp phenomenon. Despite the wide scope of the term I will try to come up with a universal definition or several basic definitions which will after serve as a base for my following conclusions. The main source of my thesis is an essay Notes On a Camp written by Susan Sontag. This essay I will apply to contemporary (20th and 21st century) popular music in which I will search for camp signs and campy gestures in the work of independent popular and mainstream artists and performers. The main focus area for this thesis will be primarily visual aspect of their work - costumes, videos, appearance, … The line between campy and not campy is very thin and indefinite, that is why I will try to draw it demonstrating camp signs on chosen samples. I would also try to point out that in contemporary popular culture we consume some forms of camp without being aware that it is actually camp what we consume. KEYWORDS: camp, campy, kitsch, gay culture, popular...

Cléo from 5 to 7 is perhaps the most famous work of influential French filmmaker Agnès Varda, who is often called the "Grande Dame of the New Wave". The depth of symbolism, the richness of imagery, the beginnings of cinécriture (a Varda-ism describing cinema as a form of writing that uses all the tools available to a filmmaker, not just words), and the charm of the story have guaranteed Cléo's popularity with scholars and audiences alike. Current scholarship has tended to focus on a few aspects of Cléo, including her role as a flâneuse, the use of mirrors and the theme of gazing, time and the division of the film into chapters, the female gaze, and femininity. I will examine the thematic of decay, nature, and beauty in Cléo. Beginning by linking it to her more contemporary documentary The Gleaners and I, I will analyze how Varda undermines conventional ideas of health, youth, and beauty by deconstructing Cléo's world through the threat of disease, only to show how Cléo regains autonomy and control of herself by learning to embrace the inevitability of decay in nature, and in her own body. I will rely on the theories in Elaine Scarry's The Body in Pain to show how Cléo's changing relationship to her body constitute the profound transformation mentioned at the beginning of the film. I will also examine Cléo's cancer in light of Susan Sontag's essay Illness as Metaphor. We will see how Varda uses cinécriture to express these ideas, especially in regards to the dialogue between characters, visual symbols, and the use of space.

The thesis analyzes how a theoretical framework and method can be formulated to make mental illness visible in photographs posted on social media. The aim is to create a basis for further research. The framework is built on time, conversation, and language. Based on Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes and W J T Mitchells thoughts, a timeline is drawn. On it, both emotions and bodies are constantly present. Jon Kabat-Zinns mindfulness method is used to give an insight into how emotions can be handled with inspiration from eastern meditation techniques. The typical “yoga image” is analyzed. It is characterized by a woman doing a yoga pose, often placed in the middle of the image surface in an exotic place. The body ideal is recognized from other fitness contexts. The material is from @kinoyoga which is run by the yoga profile Kino MacGregor. Examining photographs that communicate perfect health puts this thesis questions at the forefront. The study shows that photographs on social media are not static objects but are parts in an ongoing documentation where meaning is not given. Instead meaning keeps transforming and is contently renegotiated. When the boundaries between the physical and digital realities are blurred, it becomes difficult to distinguish the needs of the image from one’s own. The emotional experiences of shortcomings and desires can occur and start to interact. As Instagram's algorithms exploit these emotions, it becomes difficult to break the vicious circle. Instagram users are forced to abide by the app's rules. The responsibility for the ill health generated should be the owners of for-profit companies and political institutions with the power to legislate.

Influenced by an ever-growing sense of alienation with my homeland, I have been determined to discover through my art practice an ability to challenge conventional notions of home, identity, communication and miscommunication. Exploring these themes, I became increasingly aware of the parallels between everyday life and art practice. By creatively connecting with a diverse amount of local people and their communities, I fulfilled desires to discover a sense of belonging and generated opportunities for others to break through traditional social boundaries and roles.