Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T13:39:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 72060100768.pdf: 1142615 bytes, checksum: 508d6ace6f99f9c9e09a9f9345567224 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T15:00:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 72060100768.pdf: 1142615 bytes, checksum: 508d6ace6f99f9c9e09a9f9345567224 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T15:00:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 72060100768.pdf: 1142615 bytes, checksum: 508d6ace6f99f9c9e09a9f9345567224 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-26T17:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 72060100768.pdf: 1142615 bytes, checksum: 508d6ace6f99f9c9e09a9f9345567224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-06 / Most studies around that try to verify the existence of regulatory risk look mainly at developed countries. Looking at regulatory risk in emerging market regulated sectors is no less important to improving and increasing investment in those markets. This thesis comprises three papers comprising regulatory risk issues. In the first Paper I check whether CAPM betas capture information on regulatory risk by using a two-step procedure. In the first step I run Kalman Filter estimates and then use these estimated betas as inputs in a Random-Effect panel data model. I find evidence of regulatory risk in electricity, telecommunications and all regulated sectors in Brazil. I find further evidence that regulatory changes in the country either do not reduce or even increase the betas of the regulated sectors, going in the opposite direction to the buffering hypothesis as proposed by Peltzman (1976). In the second Paper I check whether CAPM alphas say something about regulatory risk. I investigate a methodology similar to those used by some regulatory agencies around the world like the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) that incorporates a specific component of regulatory risk in setting tariffs for regulated sectors. I find using SUR estimates negative and significant alphas for all regulated sectors especially the electricity and telecommunications sectors. This runs in the face of theory that predicts alphas that are not statistically different from zero. I suspect that the significant alphas are related to misspecifications in the traditional CAPM that fail to capture true regulatory risk factors. On of the reasons is that CAPM does not consider factors that are proven to have significant effects on asset pricing, such as Fama and French size (ME) and price-to-book value (ME/BE). In the third Paper, I use two additional factors as controls in the estimation of alphas, and the results are similar. Nevertheless, I find evidence that the negative alphas may be the result of the regulated sectors premiums associated with the three Fama and French factors, particularly the market risk premium. When taken together, ME and ME/BE regulated sectors diminish the statistical significance of market factors premiums, especially for the electricity sector. This show how important is the inclusion of these factors, which unfortunately is scarce in emerging markets like Brazil.

Submitted by Roberta Lorenzon (roberta.lorenzon@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T13:47:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100004.pdf: 368251 bytes, checksum: ce0bde671225071c3084007fcda47ca1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T14:10:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100004.pdf: 368251 bytes, checksum: ce0bde671225071c3084007fcda47ca1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T14:11:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100004.pdf: 368251 bytes, checksum: ce0bde671225071c3084007fcda47ca1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-27T15:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100004.pdf: 368251 bytes, checksum: ce0bde671225071c3084007fcda47ca1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / Este trabalho analisa as propriedades de alguns índices em busca da melhor aproximação (proxy) para a carteira de mercado brasileira. Além dos usuais Ibovespa, IBrX, FGV-100, são considerados dois índices construídos segundo as diretrizes da Moderna Teoria de Carteiras, a saber, uma carteira ponderada pelo valor de mercado (PV) e uma carteira igualmente ponderada (PI). Em um primeiro teste é analisada a eficiência em média e variância e em um segundo avalia-se o potencial dos índices como fatores de risco sistemático. O estudo cobre o período de 1996 a 2009 e todas as ações negociadas na BOVESPA. Os resultados evidenciam a semelhança nas qualidades dos índices, não sendo possível destacar uma melhor aproximação. Ibovespa, IBrX e FGV-100 são aproximações razoáveis e podem ser utilizadas.

Submitted by Laércio Amaia (laercio_amaia@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-09-17T17:37:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_LFAMAIA.pdf: 1940979 bytes, checksum: 7e6d776999403d28525c697eee220c1d (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Laercio, Faltam as palavras-chave em português e inglês. Atenciosamente, Secretaria de Registro, Suzi on 2011-09-19T14:15:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by Laércio Amaia (laercio_amaia@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-09-19T14:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_LFAMAIA.pdf: 1900930 bytes, checksum: d051a2aa7a9015bb784fe76affac8288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-09-19T14:57:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_LFAMAIA.pdf: 1900930 bytes, checksum: d051a2aa7a9015bb784fe76affac8288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-09-19T14:57:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_LFAMAIA.pdf: 1900930 bytes, checksum: d051a2aa7a9015bb784fe76affac8288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-19T15:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_LFAMAIA.pdf: 1900930 bytes, checksum: d051a2aa7a9015bb784fe76affac8288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Muitos bancos e fundos de investimento mantêm opções de ações com pouca liquidez em suas carteiras que precisam ser apreçadas diariamente, e esta falta de liquidez gera dificuldades para o processo de apreçamento. A proposta deste trabalho para resolver este problema é utilizar um modelo derivado do CAPM para estimar a superfície de volatilidades implícitas destas opções sem liquidez através da superfície de volatilidades implícitas de opções do Índice BOVESPA, ou de outras opções com maior liquidez. O modelo testado é conhecido como modelo de um fator e é utilizado para o cálculo da variância, e conseqüentemente do risco, de uma ação, ou de uma carteira de ações. Porém, neste trabalho, testaremos a validade da aplicação deste modelo para a obtenção das volatilidades implícitas de opções ilíquidas, mas com liquidez nos ativos objeto, através dos betas obtidos pelo CAPM e de volatilidades implícitas de opções líquidas e com ativos objeto também líquidos. Para o teste, foram utilizadas séries históricas de volatilidades implícitas de opções de compra líquidas de algumas ações negociadas na BM&FBOVESPA no período de 2005 a 2010, e estas foram comparadas com as volatilidades implícitas obtidas através do modelo proposto. Com os resultados, pode-se observar que as volatilidades implícitas obtidas pelo modelo são boas estimativas para apreçarmos opções com deltas próximos de 50% e para vencimentos de até 2 meses. / Many banks and investment funds hold stock options with little liquidity in their portfolios that need to be priced daily, and this lack of liquidity creates difficulties for the pricing process. The aim of this work is to solve this problem by using a model derived from the CAPM to estimate the surface of implied volatilities of these options without liquidity obtained by the surface of implied volatilities of the BOVESPA index call options or other liquid stock options. The tested model is known as one-factor model and is used to calculate the variance, and consequently the risk of a single stock or a stock portfolio. However, in this work, we will test the validity of applying this model in order to obtain the implied volatilities of illiquid options, but whose underlying assets are liquid, through the betas obtained from the CAPM and implied volatilities of liquid options of liquid underlying assets. For the test, we used historical data of implied volatilities of call options, of some stocks traded at BM&FBOVESPA, in the period 2005 to 2010, and these were compared with the implied volatilities obtained using the proposed model. With the results, one can observe that the obtained implied volatilities are a good estimate for pricing stock options with deltas near to 50% and with maturity up to two months.

L'investisseur islamique diffère de son homologue de type homoeconomicus, dans son approche de l'acte d'investissement. Le premier ne se base pas exclusivement, sur un critère financier pour hiérarchiser ses choix d'investissements, mais utilise aussi un critère moral et éthique afin d'évaluer l'efficacité de ses allocations financières. Ce comportement s'explique par le fait que réaliser des actes d'investissements compatibles avec l'éthique économique islamique génère un plaisir de piété chez cet investisseur. La théorie financière néo-classique ignore l'existence du plaisir de piété et son éventuel impact sur le processus de choix des investissements. Aussi, la théorie du portefeuille et son corollaire, la théorie du MEDAF, ne prennent pas en compte toutes les préférences de l'investisseur islamique. Ce dernier ne peut donc pas les utiliser pour évaluer l'efficacité de ses choix d'investissements. Afin de pallier à cette insuffisance théorique, nous proposons, à travers notre travail de recherche, de développer un modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers, qui tient compte des spécificités de l'investissement islamique, à l'image de la réalisation des ventes à découvert, formellement interdites, ainsi que la prise en compte des aspects éthiques et moraux des portefeuilles d'investissements. Ce modèle doit permettre à l'homo-islamicus de réaliser une allocation optimale de ses ressources financières. Les principaux résultats de notre recherche montrent qu'à la différence de l'investissement socialement responsable conventionnel, l'investissement islamique est de type éthique et altruiste. Cette spécificité impose aux agences de notation Charia, de prendre en compte les niveaux de dons charitables que réalise chaque entreprise, lors du calcul de sa note éthique. Nous développons par conséquent, un modèle de notation des entreprises et des portefeuilles d'investissements qui prend en compte cette spécificité de l'investissement islamique. Par la suite, nous proposons des choix qui permettent aux investisseurs islamiques de contourner l'interdiction de réaliser des opérations de ventes à découvert conventionnelles et un modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers islamiques. / The Islamic investor differs from its counterpart type, the homo-economicus, in its approach to the act of investment. Indeed, the first is not based solely on financial criteria to prioritize its investment choices, but also uses moral and ethical criteria to assess the effectiveness of its financial allocations. This particular behavior is explained by the fact that, performing acts of investments consistent with Islamic business ethics generates a pleasure of piety to this type of investor. The neo-classical financial theory ignores the existence of the pleasure of piety and its potential impact on the process of selecting investments. Also, portfolio theory and its corollary, the theory of CAPM do not take into account the preferences of the Islamic investor. Therefore, it is not able to use them to assess the effectiveness of its investment choices. To overcome this theoretical failure, we offer through our research, a model of asset pricing that takes into account the specificities of Islamic investment, for example, the inability to achieve a short selling and taking into account ethical and moral aspects of investment portfolios. This model should allow the homo-islamicus to achieve optimal allocation of its financial resources. The main results of our research show that unlike conventional socially responsible investment, Islamic investment is ethical and altruistic types. This specificity requires Islamic rating agencies, to take into account the levels of charitable giving that makes every business, when calculating its ethical note. We therefore develop a rating model for companies and investment portfolios that takes into consideration the specificity of Islamic investment. Subsequently, we propose two alternatives that enable Islamic investors to circumvent the prohibition to perform conventional short selling transactions. Finally, we build our Islamic assets pricing model.

Submitted by Fernando Luiz Cordeiro (fernandolpcordeiro@gmail.com) on 2018-06-22T20:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SDFDecomposition_finalv.pdf: 845158 bytes, checksum: 5ceb09364caa557c2198d20e41ee5522 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2018-06-29T19:55:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SDFDecomposition_finalv.pdf: 845158 bytes, checksum: 5ceb09364caa557c2198d20e41ee5522 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T18:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SDFDecomposition_finalv.pdf: 845158 bytes, checksum: 5ceb09364caa557c2198d20e41ee5522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / In this work, we use the framework developed by Christensen (2017) and Hansen and Scheinkman (2009) to study the long-term interest rates in the US and Brazil. In our first set of results, we assess Christensen (2017) estimator using Monte Carlo simulations in order to evaluate the estimator performance in the rare disasters and habit formation asset pricing models. Generally, the estimation quality is not uniform and, in some cases, requires a large sample size to attain reasonable results. Next, we apply the nonparametric estimation to US and Brazilian data and estimate how the yield of a long-term zero-coupon bond responds to the initial state of the economy. Using a flexible specification for the state process leads to an interesting non-linear response of the yield to changes in the initial state. We find that the Brazilian long-term interest rate is about 5.3% per year.

Submitted by Ricardo Guedes (ricardobbgg@gmail.com) on 2013-01-16T03:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 832861 bytes, checksum: 53474ad22711938d64bf30b48c8d9ead (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-01-29T12:48:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 832861 bytes, checksum: 53474ad22711938d64bf30b48c8d9ead (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-29T12:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 832861 bytes, checksum: 53474ad22711938d64bf30b48c8d9ead (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-03 / The inclusion of higher moments in CAPM has been discussed in recent decades. This work performs an empirical test of the model extended to the third and fourth moments, in which the skewness and kurtosis are also priced. This test was based on Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) procedures, in which all the moment conditions derived from the theoretical model. The data used were the daily returns of the most liquid Brazilian stocks between 2004 and 2006. / A inclusão de momentos superiores no apreçamento de ativos do modelo CAPM vem sendo bastante discutido nas últimas décadas. Esse trabalho realiza um teste empírico para o modelo CAPM estendido para os 3o e 4o momentos, no qual as assimetrias e curtoses dos ativos também são apreçadas. O teste foi realizado utilizando o Método Generalizado dos Momentos (MGM), em que todas as condições de momento derivam do modelo teórico. Os dados utilizados foram os retornos diários das ações mais negociadas na Bovespa entre 2004 e 2006.

Submitted by Marcelo Lustosa (mclustosa@gmail.com) on 2013-02-28T01:36:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_20130227_v1.8.pdf: 906869 bytes, checksum: 5fe60e0917b07bc61431ffe91501f466 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-02-28T21:17:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_20130227_v1.8.pdf: 906869 bytes, checksum: 5fe60e0917b07bc61431ffe91501f466 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-28T21:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_20130227_v1.8.pdf: 906869 bytes, checksum: 5fe60e0917b07bc61431ffe91501f466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-05 / Muitas teorias de finanças implicam em relações monotônicas nos retornos esperados em função de variáveis financeiras, tais como a hipótese de preferência por liquidez e o Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). No entanto, estudos empíricos que testam este tipo de relação não são muitos explorados, principalmente no mercado brasileiro. A contribuição científica neste trabalho é utilizar ativos domésticos e verificar se no mercado nacional estas implicações monotônicas das teorias de finanças são sustentadas empiricamente. Fizemos uma revisão dos testes presentes na literatura para verificar a monotonicidade: os testes t, Bonferroni utilizado por Fama (1984), Wolak (1989) e o teste MR, de Patton e Timmermann (2010). Utilizamos a técnica de bootstrap e incluímos na análise dos resultados os testes 'Up' e 'Down'. No teste para verificar a hipótese de preferência por liquidez foram utilizadas as séries da taxa referencial de swaps DI pré-fixada para vencimentos de até 1 ano. Os testes convergem e encontram evidências estatísticas de relação monotônica entre os retornos e os prazos de vencimento. No caso do teste no CAPM, foram utilizadas as séries históricas do preço das ações que compuseram o índice IBrX. Contrário ao esperado, para os dados amostrados, os testes não sustentaram a implicação teórica de monotonicidade entre os retornos médios dos portfólios e os betas de mercado ordenados crescentemente. Este resultado é de grande relevância para o mercado brasileiro. / Many theories in finance imply monotonic relationships in expected returns due to financial variables, such as the liquidity preference hypothesis and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, empirical studies that test this relationship are not many exploited, especially in the Brazilian market. The scientific contribution of this work is to use domestic assets and verify whether these monotonic implications are supported empirically in the domestic market We did a literature review of the monotonicity tests such that: t-tests, Bonferroni, Wolak (1989) and MR test of Patton and Timmermann (2010). We use the bootstrap technique and the “Up” and “Down” tests to results analysis. To verify the liquidity preference hypothesis it was used series of reference rate swaps DI pre-set for maturities up to 1 year. The tests converge and find statistical evidence of monotonic relationship between returns and maturities. In the case of testing the CAPM, we used the time series of the stock prices that composed the IBrX index. Contrary to expectations, for the sampled data, the tests did not sustain the theoretical implication of monotonicity between the portfolios average returns and the market betas. This result is of great importance for the Brazilian market.

Submitted by Danniela Chambô Eiger (danniela.chambo@gmail.com) on 2014-01-09T14:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Danniela Eiger.pdf: 743226 bytes, checksum: 45a1ddefbd8c3c964f29ab35208b5e97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2014-01-09T15:17:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Danniela Eiger.pdf: 743226 bytes, checksum: 45a1ddefbd8c3c964f29ab35208b5e97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-09T15:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Danniela Eiger.pdf: 743226 bytes, checksum: 45a1ddefbd8c3c964f29ab35208b5e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / This paper seeks to better understand the relation between the beta and some company fundamentals, so that we be able to verify if they have a relevant impact in the company’s systematic risk, besides contributing to this topic’s existing literature. A multiple linear regression was used through a data panel approach for 1995 to 2012, besides two sub samples of this period, having as the dependent variable a beta estimated according to CAPM for three time horizons (12,24 and 60 months). The variables selected are associated to the company’s main characteristics, being those related to their size, financial situation, profitability, market’s perception, corporate governance and activity. We found that leverage, liquidity and belonging to regulated sectors have positive impact in the company’s risk. On the other hand, dividend payout, corporate governance and profitability decrease the beta value. / Este artigo busca compreender melhor a relação entre o beta e algumas variáveis fundamentais da empresa, de modo a verificar se estas possuem um impacto relevante no risco sistemático da companhia e contribuir para a literatura já existente sobre o tema. Foi realizada uma regressão linear múltipla utilizando dados em painel para a amostra de 1995 a 2012, além de duas sub amostras deste período, tendo como variável dependente o beta estimado de acordo com o CAPM para três horizontes de tempo (12,24 e 60 meses). Foram selecionadas variáveis que pertencessem a grupos das principais características da empresa, sendo estas o porte, a situação financeira, a rentabilidade, a percepção do mercado, a governança corporativa e a atividade. Verificou-se que a alavancagem, a liquidez e pertencer a setores regulados possuem impacto positivo no risco da empresa. Já o pagamento de dividendos, o nível de governança corporativa e a rentabilidade da companhia afetam negativamente o beta.

This master’s thesis contains performance evaluation of Profidebt company using financial analysis indicators from years 2006-2012, further SWOT analysis is performed together with statistical analysis of economic ratios with next term’s prognosis. In the first part, theoretical basis is explained and it is applied on the company in the second part of thesis. In the end, quantified results from the analysis are evaluated and proposals are devised.

This paper examines the capital - asset pricing model (CAPM) which has been extended with a factor for geo-political risk. I use monthly stock return data for all stocks listed on a major US exchange from January 1990 to December 2016 and utilize a Fama-Macbeth Regression with Newey-West standard errors to test the geo-political augmented Sharpe-Lintner CAPM. The paper first determines if increased sensitivity to geopolitical risk lead s to lower average returns and second assesses if geo-political risk as an explanatory variable is a significant enough to expose a failure of the CAPM to capture expected returns fully through beta. The results of our regressions do not confirm the hypothesis that firms with high sensitivities to geo-political risk have expressly different returns in the long run. Furthermore, our Fama-Macbeth regression does not find expressly significant average slopes for geo-political risk as a variable.