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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

從科索沃事件論國際法上人道干涉之理論與國家實踐 / The Evolution of Doctrine and State Practice of Humanitarian Intervention on International Law through Kosovo Event

陳正潤 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以研究科索沃事件所引發之國際人道干涉適法性變革為中心,從主權概念如何隨著人權規範之變更而轉變等,以及以冷戰與後冷戰時期所發生之人道干預案例來檢視此理論之發展。論述範圍著重在聯合國體制下主權、人權與武力使用之國際法規範,來探討人道干涉理論之演進;並結合冷戰與後冷戰時期所發生之干涉事件來檢視其國家實踐(state practice)狀況。
2

數據進入難民的夢想:社會責任與人道主義的業務流程外包之三方夥伴關係 / “Data Entry Refugees Dreams”: A Socially Responsible and Humanitarian Business Process Outsourcing Partnership Business Plan

柯承恩, Gonzalez, Emmanuel Escoto Unknown Date (has links)
數據進入難民的夢想:社會責任與人道主義的業務流程外包之三方夥伴關係 / Data Entry Refugees Dreams is to sign a long-term tripartite partnership agreement with Digital Divide Data (DDD) and the Thai-Burma Border Consortium (TBBC). Data Entry Refugees’ Dreams will offer data entry services to customers outside the borders of the refugee camp with no need for them to go outside of the camp thanks to the internet and communication technology. As its name states, Refugees Dreams will represent an opportunity to make the dreams of refugees come true. Its employees will be 100% refugees who are living in Mae La Refugee Camp in Mae Sot, Thailand. To be recruited, the potential employees of Data Entry Refugees Dreams will have to possess basic Computing and English skills and have already obtained a high school diploma, which are the basic academic requisites for this kind of job. Also, they will have to convince the Management Team that they deserve to work for this company and that they are striving to make their dreams come true. They will have to write and present their dreams to the recruiters. The selected candidates will be those that have a clear plan to achieve their dreams, and those whose dreams will benefit the refugee community in general. The market size of data entry services is worldwide; there are not borders or limits for this kind of industry. Customers come from all over the world. According to a 2010 report prepared by the Asian-Oceanian Computing Industry Organization (ASOCIO) and the accounting firm Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG), only India's IT-BPO market, which accounts for 51% of the global market shares, could be valued at as much as US $285 billion in the year 2020. Global demand for outsourcing services has been in constant rise at an average of 4.9% per annum since 2008, and is expected to continue until 2020, if not more. There is gross potential for a productive skilled work force, especially those at very low cost. The partnership with Digital Divide Data (DDD), will not only give Refugees’ Dream access to technology, equipment, experience and training but will also give access to a huge range of customers that choose DDD among other outsourcing companies because they want to make a difference and have identified that job creation is a good contribution to the solution to poverty and lack of development in some countries. TBBC will have a supporting role, in the sense that they will manage the budget of Refugees Dreams, will give management and legal support, and will manage the grants that will be possible thanks to the revenues generated by Refugees Dreams. Refugees Dreams will offer to its partners not only the access to a qualified, low cost, and in need of humanitarian assistance workforce, but also the accomplishment of their common goal of helping and assisting disadvantaged people By doing this, DDD will expand its social impact to a humanitarian impact since unlike its employees in Cambodia and Laos, refugees have no freedom of movement or transit in Thailand, or legal documents to apply for jobs. They have to remain within the borders of the camp where the humanitarian conditions are harsh; there is not enough food, medicine, education and opportunities. They are 100% dependent on humanitarian aid. The revenue that will be generated by Refugees Dreams will also benefit the other member of the tripartite agreement, the TBBC, because it will also support the efforts of TBBC in developing the refugee community of Mae La, which is part of their main objectives. The TBBC will manage the revenues obtained by the partnership to be distributed in the form of grants to the refugees who at the same time will receive training about entrepreneurship and savings from TBBC, as already implemented by their Entrepreneurship and saving project. Giving jobs to the refugees would have not only a social, but also a humanitarian impact which is recognized worldwide. With jobs, they not only gain economic independence, they gain dignity and the psychological effect of being productive and having a purpose in their life. They will also have a hope of change in their situation, since by receiving grants they will strive to see their dreams come true. Refugees Dreams is seeking seed capital of 113,650 USD, mostly to guarantee enough cash to assume the investment of equipment and the training required to start operations. Running cost cash expenditures are not required because the company will generate enough cash from the first month of operations to assume those payments. Refugees Dream projects a gross surplus of 425,211 USD in year one, representing a net surplus of USD 175,135 and an accumulated net income of USD 900, 035 after year five, with a NPV of USD 409,852.54 a payback within one year and an IRR of 175.51%. By establishing Data Entry Refugees Dreams, not only the 100 employees that are planned to be hired will be benefited. Take into consideration the Entrepreneurship Development, Grant and Savings project implemented by the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) which grants USD 80.00 to each selected and trained refugee to start their own business. With the surplus of USD 175,135 Refugees Dreams would benefit 2,189 refugee families in the first year and as consequence motivate the development of their community. With the 179,063 USD of net income projected for year two, another 2238 refugee’ families would be benefited. By the end of year 5, the accumulated number of direct beneficiaries would amount to a total of 11, 350 families and a total of 22,700 indirect beneficiaries, summing 34,050 potential beneficiaries which represent more than 60% of the total refugee population of Mae La. Realizing the dreams of the refugees living in Mae La Camp is the main purpose of Refugees Dreams and that is how the success and impact will be measured. The number of dreams started will be the indicators, but the ones that will be achieved will represent the accomplishments and the fulfilment of Refugees Dreams’ Mission.
3

人道支援における人権保護―責任アプローチの概念と実施可能性― / Human Rights Protection in Humanitarian Assistance: Theory and Feasibility of Responsibility Approach

夫津木, 廣大 23 March 2023 (has links)
学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第24763号 / 総総博第28号 / 新制||総総||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)准教授 関山 健, 教授 長山 浩章, 教授 中西 寛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

張香華詩作與詩觀研究

陳怡嘉 Unknown Date (has links)
張香華自十九歲(1958年)在《文星》雜誌發表詩作〈門〉、〈夢〉之後,歷經半世紀的耕耘,使她的詩作與詩觀都有相當的成就,在臺灣新詩史中,張香華自是不可忽視的一位,她的詩作飽含與丈夫柏楊真摯相依的情意、對生命的透視、對國家社會的批判和對國際情勢的人道關懷,她的作品跳脫傳統女詩人的格局,展現對國家世界更寬闊的視野和反省;她的詩作源自於她溫暖真摯的性情,以豐富的意象鎔鑄深刻的思考,蘊藏深沈堅毅的批判,風格鮮明而特出。在新詩的貢獻上,張香華亦是功不可沒的一位,她寫詩、編詩和譯詩,作品在世界各地以不同文字出版,獲得國際間的重視;此外,她還創辦「草根詩社」,主持警廣的「詩的小語」節目,主辦「我愛的人在火燒島」音樂會。五十年來以詩為信仰,以詩為「行動圓心」的張香華,她的為人與詩情獲得無數肯定,東歐人以「南斯拉夫大使」、「雪白無塵的繆斯」、「絲與暖酒」來稱讚她的溫暖和真摯,她更獲得「傑出文化獎」、「文藝廣播獎」、「五四文學交流獎」、「羅馬尼亞大學榮譽教授」、「南斯拉夫傑出文化貢獻獎」、「舊金山國際桂冠詩人協會頒贈桂冠獎」等榮譽的肯定。 本論文的研究軸線將以張香華的生平創作歷程起始,從而扣合其詩作的詩觀、主題與藝術風格,以期爬梳張香華詩作的多面性,並將詩人及其作品作完整而統合的歸納。因此將包含六章,如下: 第一章「緒論」包含三節:第一節「研究動機與目的」,指出張香華詩作在臺灣新詩史上的地位與重要性,及進行《張香華詩作與詩觀研究》的必要性。第二節「前人論述成果的回顧」,內容分為「評論集部分」、「報章資料部分」、「期刊書籍部分」探討得失並加以分析,繼而從中確立本論文研究的方向,彌補前人的不足。第三節「論文結構的安排」,則對論文行文的安排與結構加以說明。 第二章「張香華新詩創作歷程」,張香華自1958年步入文壇後,五十年來創作豐富,本章將她在新詩創作上分為「1958~1976:『草根』精神的發揚」、「1977~1990:婚後的拓展」、「1990~至今:人道關懷的突顯」三個時期,包含張香華創立「草根詩社」、與柏楊結婚、愛荷華之旅的拓展、東歐各國詩作的傳播等等重要歷程。因此,本章將以其幾個重要的創作轉型期為中心,就生平事蹟及其文學創作的互動性加以探討,並對其創作歷程作系統性的分期與介紹。這部分屬於張香華詩作的外緣考察,但論文避免單純的背景鋪述,故也著重新詩與創作歷程的相互關聯性。 第三章「張香華的詩觀」,由臺灣詩壇的時代背景及草根詩社的創立論起,從而延續到張香華在「愛荷華國際作家寫作協會」所發表的報告,以呈現張香華的詩觀。詩觀往往代表作家寫作的方向,也影響詩作的主題與風格,故本章藉由張香華詩觀的展現,期望對而後的主題、藝術風格二章,做一有機的扣合,呈現張香華詩作一貫「大眾化、生活化」的精神。 第四章和第五章由外緣轉向張香華詩的內部考察。第四章「張香華詩作的主題展向」,針對張香華詩作的內容進行考察,揭示其作品的多樣性,由於研究上難以全面顧及,因此,筆者乃自其作品中歸納出其書寫的四個重要的主題展向,然後分為「夫妻之愛」、「生命哲理」、「社會批判」、「人道關懷」四節來深入探討。筆者期望藉由四個主題的介紹,進而觀察作品與其生平背景、詩觀的相互關聯。這四個主題展向是張香華個性的發揮,也是感動讀者,呈現生命關懷與價值的根本所在。 第五章「張香華詩作的藝術風格」,包括「溫柔真摯的抒情筆調」、「深沈蘊藉的批判關懷」、「取材豐富的鮮明意象」三個重心,從內容和形式兩方面析論張香華的詩歌特色,呈現她的詩歌藝術風格。藉由這三節內容分別呈現出張香華詩作中溫柔又剛毅,既以愛心包羅大千世界,又有深沈批判與關懷的特色,她的作品緣於自己一顆千般是情的愛心,這顆愛心表現出來便呈現了大千世界的多樣風貌,而抒發為詩則常在日常意象的運用中,展露清新真摯的感情與思考。 第六章「結論」,對張香華的成就及影響作綜合式的勾勒與論述。張香華的作品中每每會有一種莊嚴的人生理想,關懷著人類的命運和前途。她將自身深刻的思想和藝術的創造力,用詩的形式感動著所有讀者的心,半世紀來勤力耕耘的創作成果,已使她在華人世界詩壇取得重鎮般的地位。筆者更期盼有更多人來共同開墾張香華詩歌成就的領域,使她的作品擁有更多的影響力。
5

後冷戰時期歐盟人道救援政策

簡嘉宏 Unknown Date (has links)
大多數國際政治研究集中於國際關係理論研究、國際組織研究、區域研究或國際安全研究,對於難民相關之研究卻如鳳毛麟角,事實上,難民問題攸關國際和平秩序之維繫,實為研究國際安全秩序之一重要環節。 歐洲聯盟自1992年成立歐盟人道救援署(ECHO)以來,遂積極從事國際性人道救援行動,歐盟援助的對象無論天然災害或人為戰爭引發之人道危機,援助的範圍更遍及全球,歐盟之國際性人道救援網絡正逐漸成形,影響力隨著歐盟之整合擴大日益重要,成為聯合國人道救援體系以外之另一個救援架構。本篇論文著眼於目前缺乏對歐盟人道救援體系之專門研究,希望透過理論與實務的探討,拼湊出歐盟人道救援全貌,全文主要分為三個層面:一、介紹歐盟主要之人道救援組織、政策與人道救援運作模式;二、分析歐盟於科索沃與達爾富爾地區之人道救援實際案例;三、在結論部分,透過上述案例歸納出歐盟之人道救援特色,並分析歐盟人道救援發展的限制性。 本研究的目的不在挑戰聯合國的人道救援任務,亦不認為歐盟與聯合國的人道救援體系存在競爭的關係,只希望透過對歐盟人道救援體系的研究與認識,提供另一個國際人道救援選項,並喚起世人對國際人道危機之重視。
6

以色列女兵制度之研究

傅靜思 Unknown Date (has links)
以色列是全世界有女兵的國家中,唯一對女性實行「徵兵制」的國家,1948年以色列建國即正式建置女兵部隊,以色列女兵自獨立戰爭開始歷經大小不同戰役,女兵與以色列建國有著密不可分之關聯與重要性,所以探討女兵在以色列國防軍中所扮演的角色與功能,將是本文研究之重點。 由於高科技對戰爭影響層面的多元化,就以色列國防體系作用而言,女兵亦擔任不可或缺的角色,當然也相對提升在軍隊中的功能與定位,本文亦將探討以國女兵於以色列國防軍建置背景、過程及擴展至軍中各層面之歷程,並分析女兵在歷次戰爭中所扮演的角色、歷史定位、與貢獻及分析以色列政府對女兵未來之政策走向。 1970年代開始,由於女性主義者爭取男女平等及軍中缺乏男性人力等因素,許多國家逐漸開放女性進入軍隊,在女性軍人日益增多且從事任務範圍越來越廣之際,「女兵」在軍隊中所扮演的角色地位愈形重要,遂成為眾所關注之課題。本文亦將扼要介紹目前世界女兵之概況,並以俄羅斯、美國、中共三個國家為研究重點,藉以了解目前女兵現況。 本文選擇兩種研究方法:文獻分析法及歷史研究法。因國內外研究以色列學者並不多,關於以色列女兵之研究專書及論文更是鳳毛麟角,研究時發現以色列女兵自1948年成立後,便禁止女兵從事戰鬥性職務角色,直到1994年由最高法院對愛麗斯.米樂(Alice Miller)案作出判例後,才重新讓女兵回到第一線,期間以國政府對女兵的角色定位及戰鬥職務之認定也將是本文研究內容。 本文分別由「人道考量」、「兵役制度」、「政府政策走向」之角度探討以色列女兵制度與政策之爭辯,並將分析以色列女兵的制度、貢獻與影響。
7

武裝衝突法與國際人道法對台海兩岸軍事衝突之適用

蔣大偉 Unknown Date (has links)
以戰爭法規的發展為主軸,探討武裝衝突法與國際人道法二法系的沿革與關係,逐一檢視各相關公約訂定的源由,規範之目的,改進的部分及難以進行執行的部分原因。 從使用武力方法,即作戰行為的規範、手段與限制,更深入探討對平民的保護,對人類文化歷史的保障,對戰爭受難者的尊重,及違反武裝衝突法與國際人道法後之可能犯罪懲治,自1919年《凡爾賽和約》始,依序簡介紐倫堡審判、東京審判、南斯拉夫及盧安達特別法庭的特徵與國際實踐,以至於國際刑事法庭的設立,以明戰爭罪責的國際審判機構。 另一方面,新形式的戰爭武器研發,也造成例如,資訊戰在武裝衝突法的許多規則提出了新的問題,表現了資訊戰將對武裝衝突法產生衝擊的一面。另關於暗殺是否符合國際公約的議題,其餘如影響環境的武器、小型核武器、新生化武器均殊值討論。 國際法院關於以核武器相威脅或使用核武器是否合法的諮詢意見中,列出了「構成人道法制度的核心原則」,即「區分原則」,「禁止使用不區分武器」,「禁止對戰鬥員造成不必要的痛苦」,以及「國家在使用武器方面並非具有無限制的選擇手段」。都在本論文中次第探討。
8

調節焦點理論、消費罪惡感與內外控人格特質於綠色行銷之應用─以個人道德標準為調節變數 / The applications of regulatory focus theory, consumer guilt, locus of control as a means for promoting the green marketing

楊佑鈞 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以調節焦點理論為基礎,企圖於綠色風潮盛行的環保社會中,將此理論應用於綠色廣告中,旨在探討消費者之目標導向與廣告中綠色產品所傳達的利益訴求訊息間一致匹配與否,是否也如此理論應用於一般產品廣告中,將使消費者對廣告中產品的評價產生影響,並且也探討消費者預期性消費罪惡感喚起程度及人格特質的不同,是否也會影響消費者對綠色產品的評價,最後以個人道德標準為衡量指標,探討其高低程度是否會使消費者的目標導向與廣告利益訴求訊息匹配時,較不匹配時所產生較好的產品評價受到影響。   本研究採用實驗法,為一次性實驗,實驗中共分為八個情境之問卷,即2(受測者的預期性消費罪惡感:有、無)X2(受測者的兩種目標導向:促進焦點導向、預防焦點導向)X2(廣告所傳遞的兩種產品利益:促進焦點利益訴求、預防焦點利益訴求)。   結果發現調節焦點理論所強調的消費者目標導向與廣告訊息利益匹配時,會較不匹配時對該廣告產品產生較好評價的概念,於綠色廣告的溝通應用中,也能發揮同樣的效果。在消費者預期性消費罪惡感喚醒程度與個人人格特質方面,首先在預期性消費罪惡感的部分,相較無預期性消費罪惡感喚醒的情況,消費者於預期性消費罪惡感喚醒時,能產生較佳的品牌態度;其次在個人人格特質方面,相較消費者為外控人格特質的情況,消費者屬於內控人格特質時,能產生較佳的品牌態度;最後在個人道德標準程度對調節焦點匹配與否所帶來影響的部分,廣告訊息所傳達的利益與消費者調節焦點導向匹配時,其品牌態度及購買意願優於不匹配時的差異程度,於消費者具高個人道德標準的情況較低個人道德標準的情況更大。
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俄羅斯與格魯吉亞衝突之研究 / A Study of Russia-Georgia Conflict

張婉如 Unknown Date (has links)
俄羅斯在2008年8月8日北京奧運開幕期間對格魯吉亞 (Georgia)用兵,起因是格魯吉亞出兵南奧塞梯(South Ossetia)自治州,欲趁俄羅斯總理普欽(Putin)前往北京參加奧運開幕式之際,其可能對格魯吉亞出兵無法做出立即的反應,意圖以閃電戰收回長期以來有獨立運動的南奧塞梯自治州與阿布哈玆(Abkhazia)自治共和國,結果造成俄羅斯立即出兵格魯吉亞展開高加索反擊戰,受過車臣戰爭訓練有素的駐高加索俄軍,輕易地把局勢逆轉進入南奧塞梯首府茨欣瓦利(Ts khinvali)。兩國戰火持續了五天,格魯吉亞政府透過歐盟向俄方傳遞停火要求,於是雙方在歐盟主席輪值國的法國總統薩科奇(Sarkozy)的調停之下接受「俄法六原則」的停火協議。俄羅斯聯邦議會上下兩院更在25日全票通過兩地向俄羅斯提出欲獨立的呼籲書,呼籲俄羅斯總統梅德韋傑夫(Medvedev)正式承認兩地的獨立地位。無預警的戰事受到美國、歐盟、及中國的高度關切並在國際間專家、學者間興起研究的風潮,俄羅斯與格魯吉亞究竟如何爆發衝突為本文研究的第一個動機。
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未盡的責任:聯合國人道干預之實踐 / Unfulfilled Responsibility: The Practice of the United Nations on Humanitarian Intervention

龔孟穎, Kung,Meng-Yin Lorelei Unknown Date (has links)
Humanitarian intervention becomes a focal point of international debate because it seems to be morally right but legally wrong. It challenges the principle of non-intervention and non-use of force encompassed in the Charter of the United Nations (UN), which was established in 1945 to prevent aggressions that led to the two world wars. However, since the 1990s, state practices of military intervention to protect human rights increased dramatically, many of which were even endorsed by the UN or in close cooperation with it. In other words, the UN is the most important, or insofar the only acceptable, body to authorize and legitimize any military operations with humanitarian rationale. This research aims at investigating the limitations of the UN in coordinating its responsibilities of maintaining peace and security and of protecting human rights. Two cases, Rwanda in 1994 and Sudan from 2003 on, are chosen as examples to probe into the practice of the UN and try to determine what has changed and what remains steadfast of the UN practice in humanitarian intervention in these ten years. By focusing on the cases of Rwanda and Sudan, this thesis is intended to address the following questions: (1) In the past decade, has the UN system become more comfortable with humanitarian intervention? (2) What are the limitations of the UN in conducting “humanitarian intervention”? What causes these limitations? And why? (3) What can be done to improve the incompetence of the UN in terms of humanitarian intervention? How to harmonize the UN’s conflicting responsibilities of upholding human rights and defending the principle of non-intervention? This research concludes that the new approach of the “responsibility to protect” that was created in recent years shows that a normative change is on the way. Besides, from Rwanda to Sudan, the UN has made progress in addressing grave humanitarian issues. However, all the efforts still have to depend on the political will of the member states of the UN. Since this issue is still more a political one than a legal one, in the years to come, the UN will still face the difficulty of fulfilling its responsibility.

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