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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

開發中國家實質匯率研究:以中國為例 / The Real Exchange Rate in Developing Countries: A Study on China

邱芳鉁 Unknown Date (has links)
China has been in a state that the currency appreciation is needed to restore the external balance. However, it appears that Chinese government worries about that the Renminbi appreciation may decrease the output. This purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether the contractionary hypothesis prevailing in developing countries holds for China with quarterly data over the period from 1995Q1 to 2006Q2. We apply VAR models by means of impulse response functions and variance decompositions. The empirical evidences indicate that even taking the spurious correlation into account, the real appreciation of Renminbi leads to a fall in China’s output. Thus, our findings do not support the contractionary devaluation hypothesis. Moreover, the impact of the exchange rate on output is not through the inflation rate. In the short run, real exchange rate shocks have much power in explaining the output’s variation while the U.S interest rate and government spending shocks are determinants to the variation in output in the long run. Particularly, the monetary policy has relatively weak effect on the output and the real exchange rate.
112

國際政治因素對於匯率體制與政策的影響:以人民幣匯率為例 / The Effect of International Politics on Exchange Rate Regime and Policies: the Case of Chinese Currency

趙文志, Chao,Wen chih Unknown Date (has links)
本論文討論的問題是,國際政治因素對於匯率體制與政策有沒有影響?如果有影響,則國際政治因素如何影響匯率體制與匯率政策變化?國際政治因素影響匯率體制與匯率政策變化的程度有多大?我們希望透過以上問題的探討確認國際政治因素與匯率體制和匯率變化有無關係,然後分析國際政治因素透過怎樣的方式與機制來影響匯率體制與匯率政策,進而瞭解匯率變動與國際政治因素之間的因果關係為何? 在上述問題下,我們有以下的研究假說: (一)匯率體制與名目匯率的變動除了受國內政治因素與經濟因素的影響外,國際政治因素對於匯率的變動亦是有影響。 (二)政府對於匯率政策的思考除了考量國內政治與經濟因素外,也考慮國際政治壓力因素。 (三)市場交易者對於匯率的預期與作為,除了受到總體經濟指標與國內政治局勢發展的影響外,也受到國際政治情勢變化的影響。 (四)國際貿易失衡下,貿易順差國對貿易逆差國依賴度上升,假如貿易逆差國為一強權國家,則強權國家會對貿易順差國有影響力。例如,兩國(A與B兩國)貿易失衡,A國在貿易順差累積大量外匯存底情況下,勢必會使得該國對於B國貿易依賴程度加深。在貿易失衡情況下,如果B國為強權國家,龐大貿易逆差的B國對於A國將會產生影響力。 在這些研究問題與假說下,本文將以人民幣匯率作為研究個案,藉由個案探討去回答上述問題。所以,我們探討人民幣匯率與匯率體制是否受到國際政治壓力?其次是國際社會如何對人民幣施壓?第三是中國政府與決策者如何反應?第四是市場如何反應與考量國際壓力對匯率的影響?最後是提出初步研究結果與結論。 根據本文研究,針對本文研究問題,我們認為: 首先,國際政治因素對匯率體制與名目匯率有沒有影響?而根據研究結果,我們的答案是肯定的。不過這個肯定的答案必須建構在下面的假設上,第一是兩國必須處於貿易失衡的關係,同時貿易逆差國為一強權國家。其次是在假設一之下,政府對匯率政策的思維不只是考量國內經濟與國內政治,也考量國際政治壓力。 其次第二個問題是國際政治因素如何影響匯率體制與匯率水平的變化。根據研究顯示,國際政治影響匯率體制與匯率水平的方式包括:公開施壓、雙邊高層官員會談、國際會議聯合施壓、甚至貿易制裁手段。通常首先透過公開發言的方式對貿易順差國施壓,要求貿易順差國對於經貿失衡現象做出相應措施,其中以調整匯率為主要要求,其次進一步透過雙邊高層官員直接面對面討論相關議題,藉由談判過程直接施加壓力,第三,則是在國際會議場合中和其他國家聯手施壓,對於匯率議題表達一致的立場形成聯合壓力,去迫使貿易順差國調整匯率制度與水平。第四則是威脅貿易制裁,透過提案以及口頭威脅貿易制裁方式,加重施壓的力道,對貿易順差國進一步施壓,最後則是實施貿易制裁。 第三個研究問題是國際政治因素影響匯率體制與名目匯率變化的程度有多大?從中國人民幣的案例中,我們可以發現,中國一開始面對來自國際壓力時就強硬表示不會改變現行匯率體制與水平。其強調由於中國本身經濟發展狀況與國內金融體制不健全,在加上美國貿易赤字並非完全中國所造成的,所以目前並沒有改變的需要。 但隨著不斷增加的雙邊貿易逆差與國際壓力,中國雖然仍沒有改變中國匯率體制與水平,但也開始改變表示願意思考人民幣改革的可能性並將人民幣完全自由浮動,完全由市場供需來決定作為最後終極目標。甚至到最後出其不意的改變人民幣匯率體制並升值2.1%。這顯示在中國改革人民幣過程中,國際政治因素扮演重要的角色,發揮重要影響力。因為在堅持不變的理由中,中國始終以國內經濟因素與中國內部穩定的政治性理由來拒絕國際社會的要求,但在最後改革的說帖中,中國也承認國際壓力是其推動匯率改革的重要因素,可見除了國內經濟與政治面向的考量外,國際政治因素也是具有重大影響力。 / This paper discusses whether exchange rate regimes and exchange rate policies are affected by international politics, as well as how international politics affect exchange rate regimes and exchange rates. By examining these questions, I would like to analyze the mechanism by which international politics affect exchange rates and figure out the relationship among exchange rate regime, policies and international politics. This paper puts forth four hypotheses. First of all, exchange rate regimes and exchange rates are not only affected by domestic politics and economic factors, but they are also affected by international politics. Second, decisions regarding exchange rate policies made by governments are based on international politics, domestic politics and economic factors. Third, the behavior and expectations of market traders are also affected by macro economic index, domestic political situation and international political situation. Forth, under bilateral trade imbalance, state B which is a great power and has large trade deficit with state A has influence on state A. State A and State B have an imbalance trade relationship. State A which has a large trade surplus will increase dependence on state B. Under these hypotheses, the author would like to answer the above questions by discussing the case of the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB). Hence, the case study will ask the following questions. First of all, was the Chinese currency reform made on July 21, 2005 by the Chinese government affected by international politics? Second, how did the international community press the Chinese government to reform exchange rate regime? Third, how did the Chinese government respond to pressures from the international community and market? Fourth, how did market traders respond to and interpret interactions between the Chinese government and the international community. The research achieved the following results. First of all, under hypotheses two and four, exchange rate regimes and policies are affected by international politics. Second, ways which international politics affect exchange rates and regimes are through public pressure, bilateral official talks, trade sanctions, and oral threats. Public pressure is when a state with trade deficit asks a state which has trade surplus to adjust the exchange rate to reduce trade surplus. Bilateral official talks are when decision makers on both sides negotiate with each other for imbalance trade relationship. Exchange rate is an important dimension to negotiation. Trade sanctions are the last step to make the state which has trade surplus adjust exchange rate. Oral threats can be uses with the above mentioned measures. Third, in the case of RMB, the Chinese government rejected the international community’s request to adjust exchange and regime. Because of the weakness of China’s economic development and its unhealthy financial systems, the Chinese government rejected adjustments of exchange rate and regime under pressure from international communities. The Chinese government does not think that the undervalue of Chinese currency is the main reason of U.S. trade deficit and emphasized that there is no need to change RMB exchange rate and regime. With increasing trade surplus and pressure from international community, the Chinese government started to change its attitude towards the issue of RMB exchange rate. The Chinese government expressed that it was willing to consider the possibility of exchange rate reform, and movement of RMB exchange rate was fully determined by market forces. On July 21, 2005, the Chinese government adjusted regime and level of Chinese currency unexpectedly. The reform on July 21, 2005 implied that international politics played an important role in the exchange rate reform. Although the Chinese government denied that exchange rate reform was made under international pressure, international pressure is one of the main reasons behind the Chinese government changing the exchange rate policy according to the U.S. official’s testimony before the committee of Congress. The Chinese government reiterated that reform on July 21, 2005 was carried out according to the development of domestic economic development. But because of that, U.S. officials expressed that Chinese officials made a commitment of reform to them in bilateral talks, so we can understand that the international community has influence on the policy of exchange rate reform in addition to factors of domestic economy and politics.
113

使用最近鄰域法預測匯率—以美元兌新台幣為例 / Predicting exchange rates with nearest-neighbors method: The case of NTD/USD

郭依帆 Unknown Date (has links)
建立模型來估計匯率早已行之有年。較早期的匯率模型,不論是在樣本內的配適或是樣本外的預測,其實表現的並不理想。之後的研究針對這樣的結果指出,這是因為匯率的表現是非線性的,並非傳統線性模型可描繪出來。而對於捕捉匯率非線性的特性,傾向使用無母數的估計方式。因此,本研究採用最近鄰域法進行美元兌新台幣的匯率預測。另外,許多早期的研究發現,隨機漫步模型與其他模型相比較之後,在匯率預測上的表現最好,因而引發了”打敗隨機漫步”的一連串熱潮。本研究欲延續這項議題,將隨機漫步模型做為與最近鄰域模型比較的基準。 / 本研究使用的資料為即期匯率,包含日資料、週資料和月資料三種。將每種資料皆切割為樣本內與樣本外兩個部分,其中最後三分之一的樣本數用於樣本外預測。平均絕對誤差與平均誤差平方根則是用來衡量比較模型預測的準確性。實證結果發現,使用局部加權估計的最近鄰域模型在樣本內的配適表現上優於隨機漫步模型;然而,在樣本外的預測能力上,隨機漫步模型仍舊略勝一籌。 / A wide variety of empirical exchange rate models have been estimated over the years. Earlier findings indicated that exchange rate equations do not fit particularly well, and forecast no better. Later researches then provided a potential reason for the poor performance that traditional exchange rate models, because they are nonlinear. To find a resolution for nonlinearity, nonparametric techniques tend to be useful tools. In this study, we use one of nonparametric techniques called nearest-neighbors method to predict NTD against USD. Besides, many earlier papers found that forecasts from popular models for the foreign exchange rate generally fail to improve upon the random walk out-of-sample. “Beat the random walk” became an emerging issue then. This has motivated this research, and thus we include the random walk as a linear benchmark. / The data set consists of the daily, weekly and monthly spot rates for NTD/USD. We divide each data set into a fitting set and a prediction set for in-sample analysis and out-of-sample forecast, respectively. The out-of-sample forecasts are calculated from the last one-third of each series. As a measure of performance the mean squared error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are used. In our empirical results, we find that nearest-neighbors model using local weights easily tops the random walk in-sample. However, as we turn to the out-of-sample prediction, no models produce forecasts superior to the random walk. It seems difficult to beat the random walk out-of-sample in this study.
114

考量商品貿易之匯率報酬評價 / Determinant of exchange rate return-considering commodity trade

王可佳, Wang, Ke Jia Unknown Date (has links)
本研究欲探討國家商品貿易特性在匯率報酬評價中扮演的角色,決定匯率報酬的因素非常多,包含利率、市場波動、國際貿易及國家政治等非常廣泛的因素,而國家商品貿易特性也會是影響匯率報酬評價的可能因素之一。本研究以「進口比率」(Import Ratios) 衡量國家的商品貿易特性,也以該數值建構投資組合。研究結果發現,去除商品貿易特性特殊之國家後,進口比例(Import Ratio)越高之投資組合,其遠期外匯貼水也偏高,且外匯超額報酬也隨之遞增。 在Ready, Roussanov, and Ward(2013)論文中認為,國家的商品貿易特性是造成不同國家利率高低差異的原因,所以該作者認為國家商品貿易特性極有可能是利差交易背後的原因。然而,本研究的Fama-Macbeth 兩步驟橫斷面迴歸實證結果發現,國家的商品貿易特性確實是造成國家利率差異的因素之一,但利差交易背後的風險背後的因素,雖然包含國家商品貿易因素,但仍包含其他因素,且商品貿易因子(IMX)無法取代利差交易因子(HML)在外匯超額報酬評價模型中的角色。 此外,本研究亦嘗試在Lustig所提出之市場因子(RX)和利差交易因子(HML)的兩因子模型中,再額外加入商品貿易因子(IMX),構成匯率評價的三因子模型,但研究結果發現不論是在遠期外匯貼水投資組合或商品貿易投資組合中,三因子模型都沒有優於兩因子模型。 / There are many factors in determinant of exchange rate returns, such as interest rates, market volatility, international trade and politics. The purpose of this research is considering commodity trade in the pricing model of excess return of currency market. This research use “Import Ratios” to measure the characteristic of different countries’ commodity trade. We use import ratios to construct “Import Ratio Sort Portfolio”. After removing the countries which commodity trade characteristics are special, we could see when import ratios is higher, the forward discount and exchange rate return are also higher in import ratio sort portfolio. Ready, Roussanov, and Ward(2013) thought the commodity trade is the reason that cause interest rate differences between countries. In this research, the result of Fama-Macbeth two-step regression show that commodity trade is one of the reasons that cause interest rate differences. It means that there are other risks behind carry trade. In the pricing model of excess return of currency market, HML factor can’t be replaced by IMX factor. We also try to construct three-factor model, which consider excess return, carry trade, and commodity trade simultaneously. But the result shows that three-factor model can not have better explanatory power than Lustig, Roussanov, and Verdelhan(2011)’s two-factor model.
115

國際金融衝擊與經濟衰退

鍾建屏, Jong, Jing-Ping Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
116

台灣境內多國籍公司外匯風險之研究--著重會計衡量與公司價值之關聯性 / Foreign Currency Exposure of Multinational Firms In Taiwan: Accounting Measures and Market Valuation

陳智忠, Cnen, Chih-Chung Unknown Date (has links)
由於台灣資源並不豐富,市場有限,對外進出口(含製造)自然成為維繫台灣經濟的命脈。因此國內總體經濟環境容易受到國際經濟變數的影響,而匯率波動就是對國際貿易一個直接衝擊的因素。企業的匯率風險來源主要有二,一為交易性風險(Transaction Exposure),一為換算性風險(Translation Exposure)。本研究將針對台灣境內多國籍公司的匯率風險進行研究,探討會計衡量與公司價值的關聯性,亦即外幣匯兌損益與外幣換算調整數與公司價值之關係。 本研究採「關聯性研究法」針對民國79年至民國86年的多國籍公司進行研究,並分由「年度分析」與「Pooled Analysis」二方面進行實證分析。此外,本研究又考量了股票報酬與外幣匯兌損益及外幣換算調整數間可能具非線性關係,故又採Regressions on Ranks的方式探討此非線性關係是否成立。 本研究大部分年度分析並不支持本研究之假說。本研究之部分模式的實證結果支持市場在評價公司時,會將損益表的外幣匯兌損益及股東權益項下的外幣換算調整數納入考量。且亦發現市場對於二者所持態度是無差異的,亦即市場對於二者的考量權重並不具顯著差異。 / This study examines whether the stock market considers foreign exchange transaction when pricing securities about multinational firms. It primary examines the relations between the foreign exchange gains and losses in the income statement, the foreign translation adjustments in the stock equity, and stock price. Most of the results from the annual analysis do not support the hypotheses of this study. But some of the results from the pooled analysis support the hypotheses of this study. It suggests that the stock market will consider both the foreign exchange gains and losses in the income statement and the foreign translation adjustments in the stock equity when pricing securities. And it also suggest that the weights the stock market gave them show no significant difference.
117

匯率、外資買賣超與臺灣股價關係之研究 / Exchange rate、foreign investors trading behavior and Taiwan stock price

歐婉如 Unknown Date (has links)
本文擬研究台灣2003年解除外資個別投資額度上限限制起至2009年12月底止這段期間,匯率、外資買賣超對台灣股市產生之影響,以及在多頭市場與空頭市場所呈現之關係是否會有所不同。 本研究以設置虛擬變數方式區分多頭市場及空頭市場,並納入美國那斯逹克綜合指數變動一併探討對我國股市之影響。實證結果發現台灣股價指數變動顯著受到當日匯率變動及外資買賣超金額影響,與本國幣升值及外資買超呈正向關係,且與前一日美國那斯逹克綜合指數變動亦呈顯著之正向關係。 此外,不論在多頭市場或空頭市場,實證結果均顯示匯率變動及外資買賣超對股價變動影響顯著,並仍遵循台幣升值、外資買超、股價上漲模式。不同的是,在多頭市場外資買賣超對股價變動影響程度較平時為低,但由於多頭市場有推升股價作用,因此股價上漲力道仍可能較平時強勁;至於在空頭市場外資買賣超對股價變動影響程度則較平時強烈,因此外資若出現大幅賣超現象,股價下跌的狀況會更為明顯。
118

區間SETAR模式的建構分析與預測 / Interval SETAR modelling and forecasting evaluation

廖育琳 Unknown Date (has links)
雖然傳統線性時間數列在預測上已被廣泛的使用,但是在一般的時間數列中或多或少都會有結構改變(structural changes)的現象,我們往往很難找到一簡單的線性模式來詮釋資料中普遍存在的非線性(nonlinearity)結構,同時隨著模糊理論的興起與區間軟計算(soft computing)的發展,區間預測(interval forecasting)已成為未來研究的重點。本文應用模糊分類法(fuzzy classification),找出結構改變的位置,藉此發展出非線性的區間門檻自迴歸模式(interval SETAR model),再以「來臺觀光客人數」與「新臺幣兌美元匯率」作為實例,建構兩種區間門檻自迴歸模式與區間ARIMA模式並比較之,結果顯示兩種非線性的預測效果都比線性模式好。
119

匯率危機預警模型 : 東亞地區實證研究

蔡蘭馨, Tsai, Lan-Shin Unknown Date (has links)
1997年亞洲匯率危機的發生,引發學者對於危機發生原因的論戰。對於亞洲匯率危機發生的國家而言,究竟那些匯率危機理論具有解釋能力?又匯率危機是否是可以透過基本面的指標來預測的?假使可以效力又是如何?本文中為了回答這些問題,於是使用東亞六國包含印尼、韓國、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡、泰國六個開發中國家1971-1998年的收據資料,並運用Probit的計量模型來進行實證研究。 本文實證結果發現,在匯率危機理論的解釋上,第一代匯率危機理論的論述,並不足以完全解釋東亞地區的發展中國家匯率危險的發生,必須再加上第二代的匯率危機理論的論述,才能完整找出東亞發展中國家匯率危機發生的決定因素。再者,在東亞地區發展中國家的匯率危機發生前,其基本面情況的確是程現亞化的趨勢。但是基本面惡化程度,並不足以單獨決定匯率危機的發生,必預加入除了基本面惡化程度,並不足以單獨決定匯率危機的發生,必須加入除了基本面以外,其它會影響投資人的行為和預期因素,如市場資訊不完全而造成群眾的盲從效果以及跨國的漫延效果......等等,綜合起來最後才會導致投機性攻擊而引發危機。換句話說,當政府在進行施政決策或者是投資人在進行經濟決策時,基本面因素或許不是政府或投資人唯一的考量,但卻是重要的考量之一。 另外,針對東亞地區匯率危機是否是可以預警以及預警效力如何的問題。經由實證結果,我們認為答案是肯定的,不論是從樣本內或樣本外來看這組解釋變數的指標的預測效力,都有超過百分之七十的預測水準。
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人民幣NDF與即期匯率之實證研究 / An Empirical Study between Renminbi NDF and Spot Exchange Rate

郭乃維 Unknown Date (has links)
自從2005年7月21日中國人民銀行宣布大幅改革人民幣匯率形成機制後,中國境內人民幣即期匯率便開始大幅升值。為穩定其在改革起步階段的人民幣即期與遠期市場,國家外匯管理局遂在2006年10月20日發布通知,禁止境內機構參與海外人民幣NDF業務。另外,早在2005年人民幣匯率改革之前,中國人民銀行在2003年11月就已經在香港提供人民幣清算業務,逐漸形成「香港離岸人民幣即期匯率」(CNH)。因此本篇論文旨在探討境內外人民幣的互動關係,藉由不同政策發佈時點前後的比較,歸納出境內外人民幣即期與遠期匯率之間的相互影響關係與影響程度。 本篇論文選取時間分別為2006年6月7日至2007年3月20日及2009年3月2日至2013年3月29日兩段期間之境內外人民幣每日收盤匯率,研究方法以向量自我迴歸為主,搭配ADF單根檢定、Johansen共整合檢定、Granger因果關係檢定及衝擊反應分析等進行人民幣NDF和即期匯率互動關係的探討。 實證結果顯示:(一) NDF監管政策並沒有完全阻隔境內外之連結,反而在境外投資人對沖人民幣風險的超額需求下使一月期人民幣NDF與境內人民幣即期匯率(CNY)之關係更緊密。(二) 離岸人民幣即期匯率(CNH)逐漸接軌境內人民幣即期匯率(CNY),且境內信息優勢仍然明顯。(三) CNH仍無法完全取代NDF的地位。 隨著人民幣國際化腳步不斷加速,未來可預期人民幣將成為亞太地區的主要領導貨幣,因而了解境內外人民幣的互動與中國官方的匯率政策之間的關係變顯得十分重要,希望藉由本篇論文的撰寫對後續的研究能有所幫助。

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