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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

國有企業改革:對內部人控制問題對策之研究

黑田美穗, KURODA MIHO Unknown Date (has links)
改革開放之後,中國國有企業中腐敗貪污行為滋生蔓延。本論文研究之目的在於分析中國「內部人控制問題」之腐敗問題為何出現,並且如何阻止由此造成的損害。本論文從「契約理論」、「委託代理理論」、「產權理論」的角度來考慮產生「內部人控制問題」的起因,並且憑藉前述的理論分析中國經濟體制改革中出現「內部人控制問題」的過程。 改革開放之前,中國採取「社會主義計劃經濟」。在中央集權的高度集中計劃分配下,企業不可有企業的經營觀念,企業的生產經營缺乏效率與企業職工缺乏積極性,因此試圖透過建立勞動機制,誘發出對經營的積極性。中國經濟體制改革之特徵為分權式改革,就是放權讓利方式激發企業職工。同時透過稅制改革、企業內外部結構的改革約束企業職工行為。在這些國有企業改革過程中,中國觸動了使用權(或控制權)、收益權(或索取權)等產權,但沒有沒有徹底實行全面的產權改革。企業經營層透過國有企業改革跨大了其控制企業的權力,但並沒有構建出充分的約束機制,因此造成嚴重「內部人控制問題」。 利改稅、企業裡設定公司制度等措施是一種約束企業經營者,即阻止企業經營層利用權力,踏進腐敗之路,但中國貪污情形不停的成長。本論文研究,以現在的中國情況看,國有企業採取什麼措施才能夠控制「內部人控制問題」。
12

中國國有企業領導幹部晉升的制度性流動:以國有石油石化、電力、電信產業為例 / The political mobility of state-owned enterprise elites in China: petroleum, electricity and telecommunications industries

陳鄭為, Chen, Cheng Wei Unknown Date (has links)
在中共「以黨領政」的黨國體制下,中共菁英政治的演變一向為研究中共政治的一門重要課題,菁英流動的模式與規則化則是為評析中共菁英甄補的主要觀察項目。本文的研究旨趣乃從菁英甄補的視角出發,以中國中央級國有企業高階領導幹部作為實證對象,個案產業則涵蓋石油石化、電力以及電信等三大產業共13家央企。藉由對央企領導幹部個人簡歷的查察,梳理國有企業領導幹部的晉升與流動路徑,以充實中共菁英政治研究在國有企業領導幹部此一區塊上的觀察。 本文發現,儘管國有企業歷經長時改革的過程,但在幹部人事晉用的層次上,中共黨國專制性的角色並未出現鬆動,改變只發生在企業徵用人員時,領導幹部個人所繫有之任用年齡年輕化、專業與學歷要求門檻的提高。在仕途發展方面,「企業黨組領導職務」與「產業類別」則為決定企業領導幹部個人流動與能否取得晉升機會的關鍵。以前者言,若國企領導幹部具有企業黨組書記、副書記的任職經驗,則相對具備有明顯的仕途競爭優勢。就後者而論,本文則提出一套中共操作國有企業菁英幹部甄補的規則:任職於石油石化產業的央企領導幹部,若於任內兼任黨組書記或黨組副書記一職,可以期待未來離任企業領導後,將具有較強的競爭力轉入政府部門副部級以上職位述職。電力及電信業央企領導幹部,若於任內兼任黨組書記或黨組副書記一職,則以轉任業內其他央企更高領導職位作為主要出路,並且作為幹部在個人離退前的最後一項職務。總結來說,「企業黨組領導職務」決定升遷的「准入機會」,「產業類別」則攸關晉升的部門流向。
13

中國關聯方交易揭露不實之行政處罰與國有企業之關聯性研究 / The study of penalties for misrepresentation of related party transactions and state-owned enterprises in China

葉添得, Yeh, Tien Te Unknown Date (has links)
本研究將中國的上市企業區分為國有企業與民營企業,藉以檢視中國證監會對上市企業的行政處罰是否存有選擇性執法的現象。調查結果顯示,國有企業較不容易因其關聯方交易之揭露不實而遭受證監會的行政處罰。這個結果代表證監會對民營企業之行政處罰有較低的重大性門檻。且進一步的調查發現,國有企業因關聯方交易揭露不實所面臨的處罰金額不一定高於民營企業因關聯方交易揭露不實所面臨的處罰金額。因此,本研究結果支持中國證監會的行政處罰存在選擇性執法的可能性。 / This study examines the relationship between the enforcement actions on misrepresentation of related party transactions by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and the state-owned enterprises. In order to test empirical evidence of selective enforcement, we divided our samples into state-owned enterprises and the private enterprises. The major findings are as follows:(1)the state-owned enterprises are not prone to be punished for misrepresentation of related party transactions by CSRC. (2) the state-owned enterprises fines on misrepresentation of related party transactions are not higher than the private enterprises. The analysis and conclusions of this study prove the consequences of selective enforcement by CSRC.
14

會計師特性與客戶投資效率關係之研究:來自中國上市公司的證據 / The Relation between Auditor Characteristics and Client Investment Efficiency:Evidence from China

劉磊莉, Liu, Lei Li Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文的主要目的是檢測會計師是否會影響其客戶投資效率。本研究以2007至2016年間的中國上市公司為樣本,實證結果顯示:(1)事務所層級的產業專家對客戶投資效率有積極影響。(2)會計師個人、事務所皆為產業專家時相對於非產業專家可以提高其客戶的投資效率且其對客戶的投資效率的影響大於單一產業專家。(3)會計師個人、事務所皆為產業專家時,對於國有企業投資效率的影響小於非國有企業。綜上會計師在提高客戶的投資效率方面起著至關重要的作用。 / The objective of this thesis is to examine whether the auditors affect the investment efficiency of its client. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2007~2016, I find that: (1) Audit-firm-level industry expert is positively associated with its clients’ investment efficiency. (2) Industry expert at both firm and partner levels has stronger effect on investment efficiency than industry expert, either at firm-level alone, or at partner level alone. (3) When auditors are industry expert at both firm and partner levels, the effect of industry expertise on investment efficiency is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises than state-owned enterprises. In sum, auditors play a critical role in enhancing firm’s investment efficient.
15

分析師特性與公司投資效率關係之研究:來自中國上市公司的證據 / The Relation between Analyst Characteristics and Investment Efficiency : Evidence from China

劉細君, Liu, Xi Jun Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討分析師追蹤行為及分析師特性對其客戶投資效率的影響,並進一步研究分析師對國有與非國有企業的不同影響。本文以2007-2016年中國滬深證交所上市公司為樣本。實證結果發現,分析師追蹤及有較多的分析師追蹤,明星分析師追蹤及有較多的明星分析師追蹤,分析師預測公司數量較多都能提高其追蹤的上市公司的投資效率。本文進一步研究發現,分析師預測公司家數越多,其追蹤的國有企業的投資效率要高於非國有企業;並且,在分析師追蹤下,地方企業的投資效率要高於中央企業。然而,並沒有顯著證據能夠證明在分析師的追蹤下,非國有企業的投資效率高於國有企業。總結上述,分析師在資訊傳遞方面扮演著重要的角色,有助於降低企業資訊不對稱,從而對企業投資效率產生正面的影響。 / The objective of this thesis is to examine the association between forecasts behaviors and the covered firms’ investment efficiency. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2016, the empirical results can be summarized as follows. The presence of analyst following improves the investment efficiency of listed companies; the effect increases with the number of analysts following. Second, my results are stronger for firms with star analysts following than those without such analysts; more star following leads to greater improvement in investment efficiency. Thirdly, the effect of the number of analysts is more pronounced for stated-owned enterprise (SOE) than non-stated-owned enterprise (non-SOE). Further analyses indicate that for SOE, the presence of analysts following on investment efficiency is stronger for local SOE than for central SOE.
16

影響在臺陸資進入模式的決定因素:公司型態所扮演的角色 / The Determinants of Entry Mode of Mainland China Enterprises in Taiwan : The Role of Enterprise Types

毛珮荃, Mao, Pei Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
對於對外直接投資進入模式的討論,文獻探討不勝枚舉,有從交易成本理論、有從折衷理論或有從資源基礎與高層理論等等面向探討,在各個理論下又可拆分出不同影響要素,如廠商規模、國際化經驗、所有權優勢、巿場風險等等各種影響因素。雖已有許多文獻試圖研究不同要素間交互影響下,是否對於廠商進入模式選擇會有不同,惟對於不同型態下的廠商,民營企業及非民營企業如國有企業,與進入模式之決定因素互相作用下是否對於進入模式選擇有所影響,少有文獻予以討論。且臺灣與中國大陸是特殊兩岸關係,當投資者為中國國有企業時,是否會有與理論或其他實證上出現不同選擇進入模弍,為本研究欲探討目的。 本研究利用經濟部投資審議委員會2013年「陸資投資事業營運況狀調查表」問卷資料,分別由廠商特性、策略動機、組織知識及體制與環境等構面,及由上述各構面與不同公司型態相互作用下,探討不同公司型態下,進入模式受到各決定因素受影響之結果。 本研究運用Probit模型實證分析影響廠商進入模式之決定因素,並根據其實證結果作出結論進而提出建議。研究結果發現,「廠商規模」、「資產專屬優勢」、「為拓展臺灣巿場」及「運用臺灣高階人才」為陸資在臺投資選擇獨資模式與否之重要影響因素。其次,加入「公司型態」做為中介變數後,實證結果也證實不同公司型態對於陸資廠商選擇進入模式會有所影響,亦即當陸資廠商其公司型態為民營企業時,在其所投資產業為鼓勵類產業、進入臺灣巿場是以布局全球為動機及臺灣巿場若存有技術外溢高風險的情況下,相對於陸資非民營企業較傾向選擇獨資進入模式。
17

外資投入對大陸國有企業經營績效影響之實證研究

李承信, Lee, Sueng-Shin Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要在探討外商投資,特別是與國有企業合資,對國有企業經營機制轉換及其經營績效的改善有何影響。新制度經濟學者,Williamson(1991)認為,當制度環境變化時(這些環境的變化包括:產權、政治、法律、及不確定性等),會降低組織結構的轉換成本,因而會改善企業經營機制。本論文把外商與國有企業的合資看成產權結構的變化也就是制度環境的變化,外商投資可以降低國有企業改造(建立公司治理結構或企業現代化)的成本,因而會導致國有企業經營機制的轉換。另外,國有企業和外商合資之後,會援用較先進之外商的管理方式來建立對其經營績效改善有益的企業治理結構。本文應用的就是組織再造理論來探討其問題。 雖然相關的研究發現,外商投資對國有企業的經營機制轉換有影響,但是用一些具體的理論來說明其內涵的研究並不多。因此,本研究想對此問題進一步利用計量方法,研究外商投資對國有企業經營機制的轉換有何影響,即外商與國有企業合資之後,國有企業產權的變化對其企業組織形式有何改變,探討中外合資企業中外資對其經營績效改善的影響程度。 從實證模型的迴歸分析結果發現,有外資投入的國有企業的經營績效比沒有外資投入的國有企業的經營績效高;國有企業與外商合資經營企業的經營績效比未利用外資的國有企業經營績效高,因此可推論合資企業的經營機制較佳。這表示,外商投資使國有經濟達到以產權明晰化為條件的資源最優配置,有助於解決國有企業綜合低效益問題。 本文研究得到的結論為外商投資對國有企業經營績效之改善有顯著的效果,究其原因主要有三,一是國有企業有龐大的社會負擔,二是國有企業冗員太多,人力資源運用效率較差,三是國有企業的經營機制不佳。外商投資帶給國有企業現代企業管理知識、技術,建立較佳的企業經營制度,因而合資企業經營績效較好。 關鍵字:中國大陸、國有企業、經營績效、外資投入、外商投資、新制度經濟學、交易成本、組織再造 / This study mainly discuss about foreign direct investment (FDI) in mainland China, especially the influence of the joint venture (JV) of FDI and state-owned enterprises (SOE) on the change of management mechanism and management performance of SOE. New Institutional Economist Williamson (1991) said, when the institutional environment (including property right, politics, laws and uncertainty) is changed, the transaction cost of organization will be reduced. In this study, consider JV of foreign enterprises and SOE as a change of the property right which is the change of institutional environment. FDI can reduce the cost of enterprises’ reform and it causes the change of management system of SOE. After SOE and foreign enterprise’s JV, Chinese company will adopt a relatively advanced foreign company’s organization structure to build its’ organization structure that is effective for the management performance. And Reengineering theory is used to explain their adjustment of organization structure. The result of regression analysis shows that the management performance of JV is much better than SOE without foreign investment. Therefore, we can infer the management system of JV is better than SOE’s management system. It shows that foreign investment can make property right of SOE more clearly and effective resource allocation which is helpful for resolving SOE’s low economic effectiveness. The conclusion of this study is that FDI is remarkably effective for the improvement of SOE’s management performance. There are three reasons to this: first, SOE has a great amount of social responsibility; second, SOE has too much labor, so it has low effectiveness of human resource management; third, SOE has a bad management system. FDI can bring modern knowledge of management, new technology, and can build an effective management system, therefore we can say the management performance of JV is relatively good. Key words: mainland China, state-owned enterprise (SOE), management performance, foreign direct investment (FDI), New Institutional Economics, transaction cost, Reengineering
18

大陸鄉鎮企業對國有企業經營績效之影響-以工業部門為例

詹雅惠, Ya-Hui Chan Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是利用中國統計年鑑、中國鄉鎮企業年鑑、中國工業經濟統計年鑑及1995年第三次全國工業普查資料匯編各年版所提供的一九九五至一九九七年期間大陸工業三十三個產業別之追蹤資料,研究大陸鄉鎮企業對國有企業經營績效之影響。本文所定義的國有企業經營績效,主要分為兩部分:一為大陸國有企業的獲利能力,一為大陸國有企業的生產技術效率。在大陸國有企業的獲利能力部分,本研究論文是採用固定效果模型(fixed-effect model)之迴歸模型來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業獲利能力的影響。接著在大陸國有企業的生產技術效率部分,本研究論文則採用Battese and Coelli(1995)提出的具有轉移對數形式及可採用時序加截面數據的隨機邊界生產函數模型(stochastic frontier production function model),來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業技術效率的影響。   本文主要的研究發現為,大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響。從區分的產業類別來看,大陸鄉鎮企業對國有輕工業部門經營績效之影響,已由損害獲利階段進入不利技術效率之階段,而國有重工業部門則停留在受鄉鎮企業負面影響獲利的階段,此乃由於鄉鎮企業發展階段的不同,所造成的影響結果亦有所差異。在本文之研究期間,鄉鎮企業在輕工業的發展已趨成熟,並開始積極發展重工業部門,所以國有之重工業部門依循其輕工業受影響模式,已出現獲利受到鄉鎮企業影響而下降之情形。   其次,本文之實證結果顯示,國有企業規模對其經營績效有顯著的助益效果。規模較大之國有企業尤其是大型國有之重工業,確實存在顯著的規模經濟效益。亦顯現出大陸政府自一九九0年開始,希望透過國有企業資源之整合,促進其發揮規模經濟效益之政策,在一九九五至一九九七年期間可能已在國有企業及其重工業部門初見成效。 此外,本文之實證結果顯示,資金密集度對國有重工業部門產生不利技術效率的影響,對其獲利能力並無顯著影響。   雖然,本文之研究結果顯示,大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響,但這僅是短期之現象,本論文認為鄉鎮企業所扮演的角色除了是市場競爭者外,其更應積極的被視為篩選國有企業之機制,經由鄉鎮企業的競爭壓力及短期內之不利影響,可迫使國有企業為保護其獲利不被損害及在市場上繼續生存,必須採取反應措施,而逐漸走向符合市場經濟的制度,例如讓營運不佳的企業在競爭下自市場退出、選擇適當的技術路線、發展具生產利益的產業及企業必須加強產品的創新,以獲取較高的創新利潤等回應措施。若國有企業在長期下真能依循上述模型進行調整,則國有企業之技術效率將有所提昇,並能改善其獲利低下的情況,進而達到經營績效改善。依此看來,本論文認為鄉鎮企業所發揮的是更為積極、穩定的改革力量,促使國有企業長期且持續的進行經營績效改善。   因此,在解決大陸國有企業經營績效的問題時,國有企業制度的改革固然重要,但若大陸政府在推行改革時,能加以考量鄉鎮企業發展此一重要因素,將大陸鄉鎮企業之發展視為篩選國有企業之機制,淘汰不適於市場機制、競爭力不足、虧損之國有企業,則長期下將可使國有企業達到經營績效改善之效果。 / This thesis investigates the influence of township-village enterprises (TVEs) on the performance of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Industrial-based panel data from 1995~1997 provided by various published years of the China Statistical Year Book , China Industry Economy Statistical Year Book, The data of The Third National Industiral Census of The People’s Repiblic of China in 1995, and China Township-Village Enterprises Year Book are adopted to estimate the fixed-effect model of SOEs’ profit rate function, and stochastic frontier production function model of SOEs’ technical efficiency function. The primary finding is that the profit rate in the heavy industry and the technical efficiency in light industry of China’ SOEs are both influenced negatively by the output share of TVEs, the above proves the influence of TVEs on the performance of SOEs has changed from profit loses to technical inefficiency, but this condition won’t exist for long because of the policies to improve performance adopted by SOEs , like relocation factors, adjustment size or any useful acts will take effect. Secondly, larger scale of SOEs, especially in heavy industry, gets higher profit rate and higher technical efficiency, the conclusion indicate that size of SOEs brings improvement of performance to SOEs. Besides, improvement of the technical efficiency of SOEs is crossed in capital intensive, but has no effect on profitability. The above proves that SOEs will against the competition by reactions in policy, as long as longtime performance, the technical efficiency of SOEs will make great advances. Therefore, for solving the problem about the performance of SOEs, besides the innovation in economic system, China should concern about the competitiveness of TVEs. In conclusion, China should regard TVEs not only as a competitor but also as a mechanism to sift out uncompetitive SOEs from China’s market so that the performance of SOEs can be improved to reach the crucial position in China.
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1992年到1994年俄羅斯國有企業改革政策取向之變化 / The change of reform policy of state-owned enterprises in Russia from 1992 to 1994

梁絮萍, Liang, Hsu-Ping Unknown Date (has links)
當俄羅斯正經歷著政治結構與經濟體系同時轉變的考驗時,連年下降的國有企業生產力與總產量並未隨著改革工作的進展而有所提升,即使改革措施因為先前政策的成效不彰而有所調整,但俄羅斯的總體經濟表現依然不理想。為了探究 1992 年年初到 1994 年年中這段期間俄羅斯國有企業政策的內容、實施的成效,以及政策取向變化的原因,本文先從財產權途徑與市場結構途徑著手,分析決策過程中不同的部門對國有企業的預算約制、協調機制與市場結構的看法,然後歸納出兩種不同的政策取向:保護取向與效率取向。保護取向者以國有企業員工及立法機構的成員為主,主張維持現有制度與就業水準,避免失業引發社會問題,並增加對國有企業資源的投入以提高企業產量。效率取向者以新興的經濟學家及部份的內閣成員為主,希望建立新的機制以減少資源投入的數量,但賦予國有企業提高生產效率的誘因,使其提高產量,如此一來便可以減輕政府的財政負擔,並達到穩定金融及控制通貨膨脹的目的。1992年年初俄羅斯行政機構中的效率取向者取得了優勢的決策地位,並且開始採取穩定化與價格自由化等改革措施,但緊縮資源投入的改革方式卻造成國有企業員工的恐慌,從系統論的觀點來看,民主化之後的俄羅斯因為政策承受者的反饋機制開始強化,因此效率取向者的改革措施便遭到立法機構中保護取向者的修正,而開始向擴張支出的政策方向傾斜。雖然效率取向者試圖以憑證私有化政策換取民眾對改革的信心,甚至以發動流血政變、重新制定憲法等方式變更制度設計以重新取得優勢的決策地位,但因為其緊縮政策忽略了市場結構因素,難以提升企業產量,又引發企業員工對失業的恐懼,因此保護取向者便又在 1994 年年初佔領了優勢的決策地位,主導了政策的走向。總括 1992 年年初到 1994 年年中俄羅斯國有企業改革政策的走向,便可以得出政策取向在保護取向與效率取向之間連續擺盪,但結果卻受保護取向影響較深的局面。 / When people in Russia suffered from the transformation of the political structure and the economic system, the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Russia did not improve , either. In order to find out the options of reform strategy and the cause of failure, this research applies the property rights approach and the market structure approach to analyze the budget constraint, coordination mechanism, and market structure problems of SOEs. Combing those problems with the decision making process founded on systems model, we made a conclusion that there were two policy orientations in solving the SOE problems: one is the protection-orientated policy, and the other is the efficiency-oriented one. Most employees of SOEs and legislators preferred the protection-oriented policy because they were afraid of unemployment and bankruptcy of their enterprises by privatization. On the contrary, the efficiency-oriented government placed its emphasis on the rampant inflation and preferred to cut the government expense by reducing the investment in SOEs. At the beginning of 1992, the efficiency-oriented stabilization policy and the liberalization of price became the focuses of reform. Those retrenchment policies limited the spending of SOEs and reduced the government's popularity, too. In order to keep the enterprises operating, employees of SOEs and legislators expected more investment from the government. With the feedback function performed by legislators, the protection-oriented policy substituted the efficiency-oriented one from the mid of 1992. To dominate the reform strategy again. President Yeltsin dismissed the congress in September 1993 and called for the referendum of new constitution and the election of new congress in December 1993. Although the efficiency-oriented government tried to recover the public confidence of reform by controlling the inflation, but the employees, living in the fear of unemployment, did not place their trust in government. After the election, the protection-oriented deputies still occupied the majority seats and turned the direction of reform strategy again. In sum, the orientation of reform policy of SOEs in Russia swung all the time since 1992 to 1994, but the protection-oriented policy had more influence on it in general.
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從事業單位到國營企業、再到私營企業的轉型 : 上海國營市政建設施工企業改革之路的探索 / 上海國營市政建設施工企業改革之路的探索

葛志遠 January 2003 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

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