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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

冷戰後美中權力關係之研究-以權力轉移理論分析 / Research of the American-China power relations after the cold war-A perspective of power transition theory

陳仁欽 Unknown Date (has links)
對於國際格局的變化,長久以來,國際關係學者對強權間的競爭,始終充滿著濃厚的興趣。因此,有許多著名的理論不斷的被提出,也引發國際間很多的爭論,其中最核心的問題,莫過於「新興大國的崛起對於既有強權,以及其所維持的世界秩序之挑戰。」雖然,有些學者認為這種對抗觀點在冷戰結束後已不再適用,但是,近年來,隨著中國大陸經濟持續高速成長,關於中國大陸的議題不再集中在中國大陸是否能夠崛起,而是中國大陸將以何種方式崛起?其核心問題是,中國大陸是否將重導歷史上大國崛起的經歷,即與霸權國發生衝突和對抗,從而導致國際關係的劇烈動盪,甚至是戰爭?還是走向和平發展的道路,成為推動和維護國際穩定繁榮的重要力量?這是一個異常複雜和難以回答的問題。本文研究目的乃在試圖解構冷戰後美中權力關係互動的實質內容,並進行合理的解釋,俾利達到理論與事實相互輔佐的功能。 根據權力轉移理論的觀點,國際體系不斷重複權力轉移的現象,而這種權力轉移的現象,大多伴隨著戰爭而發生。但是,也有例外的證例,如20世紀英美的權力轉移。冷戰後,美中對彼此的戰略布局,其主軸乃圍繞在「超級強權」與「崛起強權」的思維上,即美國所思慮的是如何因應「中國崛起」對其霸權地位的挑戰;而中國大陸所面臨的是如何突破美國對其崛起的制約。至於美中權力關係的互動是朝戰爭或和平的權力轉移,仍有待觀察。然而,可以肯定的是,是否走向戰爭或和平之路乃取決於美中兩國對彼此的權力差距與滿意度,如果權力差距縮小;且不滿意程度越高,則發生戰爭的機率就越高。 權力轉移即是權力流動變化的一種現象,在權力重新分布的轉換過程裡,不只是國家與國家的雙邊關係受到權力轉移的影響而改變,而且區域與全球的國際秩序也因為國家之間實力的接近而重新調整。美中關係的變化即是一個典型的以「權力重新分布」為基礎的權力政治。美國與中國大陸之所以進行戰略競爭,其最主要的驅動力量係來自於兩國之間的權力轉移-包括雙方各自內部的經濟與軍事力量的不平均發展(而且是中國大陸高於;且快於美國),以及外部的國家實力接近。這個現象適足以被國際關係理論中的「權力轉移理論」所解釋。
2

中型強權之外交政策研究:以荷蘭為例

張倛弦 Unknown Date (has links)
中型強權(Middle Powers,MPs)的外交政策逐漸引起關注,雖然,大國的地位在高階政治領域(high politics)仍是重要,但是隨著國際安全概念的擴大,中型強權已在不同的議題領域(issue-areas),開始有出色的領導表現,甚至是擁有改變國際關係的驅動力量。 議題領域的概念,對中小型國家更具有實用價值。這些國家,為了不與大國競爭或重覆浪費資源,往往以創新的思維,針對大國所不願或甚少涉足的領域,配合自身優勢與特長,在這些利基領域(niche areas)加以厚植深耕,形成利基外交(niche diplomacy)。對中型強權而言,其柔性權力之產生,可以說源自於利基領域的正確選擇。 本論文以荷蘭作為中型強權的代表案例,分析自第二次大戰以來荷蘭的外交政策,探討問題分別是:荷蘭國家安全之維護,荷蘭在歐洲的區域整合傾向,以及荷蘭的利基外交。中型強權荷蘭,慣長利用各式各類的國際組織作為外交舞台,並且以多邊主義的方式,與擁有相似理念的國家共同合作,發揮柔性影響力,以提升荷蘭的國家地位與形象。荷蘭的中型強權外交,不落入大國外交的傳統窠臼,而是自創另一條路線,故相當值得探究。
3

俄美中三國在中亞的競逐 / The Competition of Russia, America and China in Central Asia

蘇葆忠, Zheng,Su Bao Unknown Date (has links)
冷戰結束後,由於蘇聯的崩解,致使中亞地區權力出現真空狀態。中亞新興獨立的五個國家援引俄羅斯、美國、中國等外力,來協助國家的進步。俄羅斯自詡為中亞的保護者,並且認為中亞為其勢力範圍。美國為霸權擴張、西方式民主鼓吹者,致力於反恐戰爭與中亞資源的開發。中國的崛起需要的是中亞區域的穩定以及中亞各國與中國的相互合作。本研究試圖透過中亞本身內部安全、資源、民族、文化等因素以及外部國際環境變化,來探討俄、美、中三國與中亞五國之間的關係發展與演變。 / After the cold war, the disintegration of the Soviet Union has caused a power vacuum situation in Central Asia. The five newly independent Central Asian states have cited external forces, including Russia, the United States and China, to assist their own countries’ progress. Russia treats itself as Central Asia’s protector, and considers Central Asia under its sphere of influence. As a hegemony expansionist and western-style democracy promoter, the US strives for anti-terrorism and the extraction of natural resources in Central Asia. For China’s rise, China needs regional stability and maintains mutual cooperation with Central Asian states. This study explores Central Asian states’ relationship with Russia, America and China through domestic security, natural resources, nationalities, cultures, and international situation.
4

走出生命負荷、發掘成長能量—家庭照顧者參與自助團體經驗之初探 / The experiences of the family caregivers participating in the self-help group

馮譯葶, Feng, Yi Ting Unknown Date (has links)
在人類社會中,失能老人大多由家庭來承擔照顧責任,也因此帶給照顧者相當重的負荷。在此脈絡下,家庭照顧者的相關政策與措施逐漸受到大眾的重視,期望藉由各式的措施與服務以減少照顧對生活的不利影響,進而增加照顧者的生活福祉。在心理性的支持服務中,自助團體能夠有效舒緩照顧者的身心壓力,但照顧者自助團體研究甚少,且照顧者自助團體之研究未正視團體成員先前團體參與的經驗,及既有研究忽略照顧者支持團體的延續性效益之探究,是故,本研究目的包括:一、從接觸自助團體的起源—探討照顧者參與支持團體的經驗;二、分析照顧者參與自助團體的經驗;三、以增強權能觀點探究照顧者參與自助團體的經驗;四、從自助團體成員及社工員的角度看自助團體的未來發展;五、依據研究結果,提供建議作為辦理照顧者自助團體的實務工作者及家庭照顧者相關團體之參考。 本研究使用質性取向的研究方法,以「台北縣家庭照顧者關懷協會」作為研究場域,本研究共計訪問八名受訪者,一名社工員及七位照顧者。照顧者皆為女性,年齡介於53-64歲之間。照顧狀況方面,有1位仍持續照顧中,6位已結束照顧工作。照顧者參與自助團體方面,僅有1位非團體幹部。 主要的研究結果如下: 1.照顧者參與支持團體經驗中,透過醫療單位及個人熟識者得知活動訊息。照顧者支持團體前的處境大致可區分心理壓力、生理壓力、缺乏社會支持網絡及不清楚照顧方面的資訊。照顧者實際參與支持團體的條件為能擁有自己可支配的時間,以及有人協助暫代照顧工作。支持團體活動內容包括身心成長類、藝術治療類、活動肢體類、人際學習類,其中團體領導者的角色為教育者、催化者及使能者。領導者與成員的關係會隨著時間而改變,隨著時間的發展,許多不在正式的團體中的互動行為跟關係開始產生,此互動經驗讓成員與領導者在團體之外仍保持密切互動,彼此約定舉辦定期的聚會,逐漸形成自助團體。 2.照顧者參與自助團體之經驗中,北縣家協每個月會安排一次三小時的座談分享會,座談內容偏向靜態主題如舒壓、按摩穴道等。自助團體成員的角色可區分為活動發起者、訊息傳遞者、聯繫者、支持者及追隨者。團體互動歷程包括三個階段:互動初期、關係建立期及關係維持期。成員彼此互動的情形中,共享相似的照顧經驗及用支持的力量陪伴成員走過艱辛路,此外,單身、結束照顧工作的成員與他人互動的頻率較高。 3.以增強權能觀點分析照顧者參與團體的經驗中,在個人面的改變部份,照顧者能夠「減少負面感受」、「改變認知」、「增加知能」、「增加自信」、「支配自己的生活」;在人際面的改變中,照顧者「以同理心與被照顧者互動」、「普同性的照顧經驗」、「利他性的互動」、「知識訊息分享」、「建立同儕友誼關係」及「擴大社會網絡」;在社會面的改變中,照顧者開始從事「志願服務」、「贊助協會」,對「家庭照顧者議題及政策」也有所看法。 4.從自助團體成員與社工員的角度看自助團體的未來發展:從照顧者角度看自助團體,可發現自助團體目前運作狀況為擴大服務據點至偏遠地區,北縣家協與自助團體彼此具有雙向的互動關係。照顧者建議將活動資訊發給每個社區的健康中心,透過增加資訊管道以使訊息更具有可近性。從社工員的角度看自助團體發現,照顧者喜愛輕鬆的聚餐,期待設計自助團體相關教材,並成立自助團體的關懷小組,及補助自助團體的運作經費。 / On an aging society, the disabled elderly usually cared by families that becomes a heavy load of caregivers. In this context, the policies and measures of family caregiver are valued by the general public gradually, and hope to reduce the negative effects, to increase the well-being of caregivers. Self-help groups can effectively reduce the ca-regiver physical and mental pressure, but there are few related studies. In addition, the experience of caregiver involve in previous groups few mentioned in current studies, and caregiver support groups of the continuity of the effectiveness is neglected to explore in existing studies. Accordingly, the purposes of this study are as following: first, examine the expe-rience of caregivers involved in the support group; second, consider the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group; third, explore the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group --analyze from the perspective of empowerment; fourth, the expectation of the future development of self-help groups of members from the self-help groups and social workers; fifth, according to research findings, provide suggestions for caregivers’ practitioners and relevant groups. This study employs a qualitative research approach, and data collection is gotten from " Family Caregivers Association in Taipei County", including semi-structured in-depth interviews with a social worker and seven caregivers, aging from 53 to 64. One caregiver who still cares her family members and one caregiver is not the cadre. The study findings are listed below: First, caregivers get information through the medical units and individuals who are familiar to them. Caregivers have psychological stress, physical stress, lack of social support networks, and lack of care information. Caregivers can involve support groups because they have their own time, or someone help to take care temporarily. Support group include physical and mental growth activities, art therapy classes, common activities and interpersonal learning classes. The role of support group leader is a educator, catalyst and enabler. The relationship between leaders and members change over time, as time goes on, members and leaders still remain in close interaction, therefore a self-help group formed gradually. Second, when caregivers involve in the self-help group, the Association arrange a three-hour discussion sharing monthly. The role of self-help group members can be divided into active sponsors, messengers, associates, supporters and followers. Group interaction process consists of three stages: the initial interaction, relationship building and relationship of the maintenance phase. Members interact with each other, sharing similar experiences and support each other .In addition, caregivers who are single, or do not have to care their family members have higher participation rates to involve in self-help group. Third, explore the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group --analyze from the perspective of empowerment. Changes in the personal aspect include "reduce the negative feelings", "change the perception", "more knowledge", and “more confident”, “control their own life”. Changes in the interpersonal aspect include " empathy the care receivers "," same experiences in taking care "," altruistic interaction "," knowledge and information sharing "," establish peer friendships and relationship "and" expand the social network ". Changes in the social aspect include "engage in voluntary service "," contribute money to Association ", besides caregivers have ability to suggest for family caregiver issues and policy. Fourth, the perspective of self-help group members is self-help groups expand services to remote areas. The Association and self-help groups also have good interaction. Caregivers suggest activities distributed to each community's health information center, make information more accessibility. The perspectives of social workers is design teaching material about self-help group, and set up a support team, and grant funding for self-help.
5

愛滋感染者權能增強影響因素之研究 / The empowerment factors of people living with HIV/AIDS

莊登閔, Chuang, Deng Min Unknown Date (has links)
愛滋感染者為深受社會烙印且處於社會邊緣的族群,在面對自身權力遭受侵犯時,往往難以看到該人口群為自己或社群發聲與行動,因此,本研究希冀瞭解愛滋感染者的權能表現以及可能的影響因素,藉此達致感染者權能的激發。 本研究採取問卷調查法,以目前台灣的愛滋感染者為主要的受訪者,抽樣方法為立意抽樣,主要透過非營利組織、監所等管道發放問卷,整份問卷主要由受訪者自填或訪員協助填答的方式進行,共回收379份有效問卷。而納入檢驗愛滋感染者權能表現的相關因素主要有個人基本資料、生活滿意度、愛滋內在烙印、參與類型、愛滋知識與服藥狀況;本研究透過獨立樣本T檢定與變異數分析檢驗自變項與依變項的雙變項相關,並透過多元迴歸分析的方式,進行多變項的檢定。 研究結果發現:一、愛滋感染者整體權能表現分布在尚可至中度,且社會政治權能表現最高,但實踐權能的參與行動卻偏低。二、愛滋感染者的生活滿意度位於稍微不滿意至中立的分配,且對於整體生活狀態滿意,但是不滿意過去的生命經驗。三、愛滋感染者的內在烙印程度較高,深受愛滋內在烙印影響者,權能相對較低。四、讓感染者自覺能夠影響他人者,權能表現相對較高。五、愛滋感染者對於愛滋知識的認識有助於權能提昇。六、多元迴歸分析當中,生活滿意度、社區代表參與、愛滋知識與服藥順從度為主要影響感染者權能的因素,共能解釋36%的變異量。 本研究依據研究結果,針對實務工作者、未來研究者以及愛滋感染者進行相關的建議。期許實務工作者能協助感染者權能提昇的執行,研究者能夠繼續探索相關影響因素,而愛滋感染者可以相信自己具有權能的能力。 / People living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) are marginalized by HIV social stigma, and we are hardly to see this population speak and act for their right, even through their right or power is violated. For this reason, I hope to find out the performances and the factors of empowerment of PLWHA. As the results, we can empower this population by the right strategies. The method to carry out this study was using a survey, which held by purposive sampling. People who infected HIV in Taiwan are the main sample size. The participation in this study was contacted by Non-government organizations, prisons and drug abuser center of correction agency, expecting to respond anonymously by them or interviewer. In the end, 379 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument consist of six main parts, including demographic, satisfaction with life scale, HIV internal stigma, participation types, HIV/AIDS knowledge scale and reported compliance with medication. To address this issue, t-test and analyses of variance were used to detect bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables. In order to clarify the explanatory power of variables, a multiple regression analysis was done. All research revealed, the total empowerment is moderate, and social-political empowerment is the highest, but PLWHA seldom participate in activities. Second, participation didn’t satisficate with their life, especially what they got in the past. Third, PLWHA had higher internal stigma score, which was negatively correlated with lower empowerment. Forth, PLWHA who can affect others had higher empowerment score. Fifth, HIV/AIDS knowledge was shown significant associated with empowerment of PLWHA. Sixth, multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction with life scale, community participation, HIV/AIDS knowledge and reported compliance with medication were important factors of empowerment, accounting for 36% variance. Suggestions were given to pratical workers, future researchers and PLWHA: we hope pratical worker can help to raise the empowerment of PLWHA, researcher can keep finding more empowerment factors in the future, and PLWHA can believe they have empower ability to strive for their right.
6

中美強權政治下的生存之道:緬甸外交政策的變與常 / Navigating China-U.S. Nexus: (Dis) continuity of Myanmar’s Foreign Policy (1988-2013)

林冬美, Kaewsaengsai, Siriyakorn Unknown Date (has links)
Being sanctioned by the United States and its allies, Myanmar has long been isolated from the international community and become deeply dependent on China over the past twenty years. Until recently, the country embarked on political and economic reforms and expressed its desire to engage with other countries. The United States positively responded to the opening gesture, consequently the rapprochement between the two countries was commenced. As the competition for influence between China and the U.S. in Southeast Asia has long been existed, the shift in Myanmar’s foreign policy might represent the new challenge in this tug-of-war. This research aims to investigate the continuity or rupture in Myanmar’s foreign policy trend and to re-assess the influence of China and the United States presented in Myanmar. The collected data is analysed qualitatively. The result of the study shows that despite the re-engagement in Myanmar-U.S. relations, Myanmar-China relations remain cordial and the status of China-U.S. influence in Southeast Asia is not challenged.
7

從軍事全球化論析中日印戰略關係

龔隆生, Kung, Long Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究是以軍事全球化的概念(concept)而提出對中國、日本與印度安全戰略的轉變,時間概從2000年開始至2009年為止。由於中日印三國國力的增長,而產生出這三個國家戰略互動關係,當然在競爭與合作兩相步驟中,即產生出顯性與隱性的關係(磨擦或衝突)存在,例如西藏問題、邊界爭議、東亞與南亞地緣爭端、南海孔道與印度洋海權之爭、印巴關係、中印核武問題等,因此在研究本文之前,應先行瞭解軍事全球化的戰略意涵為何?再回顧中日印戰略的轉變與互動關係,並加以探討雙方可能衝突的因子,以及以往歷史的夙怨。本論文研究主要的面向是以中日印關係的演變與發展,但在其中的過程,中國大陸在整個亞洲霸權崛起之後所產生的效應,也是主要的面向,儘管主題是針對中日印戰略關係演變為主,但是影響亞洲區域安全的因素亦為關切的重點。舉凡促成中印安全戰略演變與和平演變的內在思維與外在環境;諸如中日印安全的各項相關的國際關係(中印、日印或者是中日)等,都是本論文所關注的核心。此外,關於印巴衝突及核武競賽、南海能源等問題,亦為探討的子題。 本論文概分六大章,分別為第一章─緒論。第二章─「軍事全球化意義與未來之趨勢」─利用軍事全球化理論來論析其真正義意,以及在當今全球化之後,軍事領域的組織及武器系統未來趨勢與走向。第三章─「中國崛起後的戰略演變」─以現今歷史觀點來看中國在改革開放經濟與軍事崛起之後,所展現的經濟及軍事實力以及戰略佈局。第四章─「日本國家新戰略觀」─著墨於日本在冷戰後時期,其軍事自主能力、美日同盟、防衛省成立之後其軍事政策及戰略轉變的歷程與評估。第五章─「印度崛起對南亞戰略形勢之演變」─印度在南亞崛起的同時,採取多面向戰略來維持勢力,以掌握南亞第一大國的主控權。第六章、「結論」─包括研究發現與心得、策略性建議與願景。
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崛起強權理論化之研究—中國大陸的能力、意圖與行為模式

趙祥亨 Unknown Date (has links)
當前中國大陸的崛起意涵是什麼?隨著中國大陸崛起,當代中國研究成為顯學,學界也提出許多研究途徑,然而,對於崛起強權的本質卻因龐雜的論述而莫衷一是,缺少了系統性地檢驗崛起強權發展經驗的理論,以至於無法對變化快速的中國大陸有更具說服力的解釋。 透過回顧和評析學者,本文探索了權力轉移論與權力平衡論的爭論,以及強權興衰論和國際政治長週期論的辨析,從中提出一個具備「能力」、「意圖」、「結構」、「行為」四變項的崛起強權理論,其目的在於藉由抽取崛起強權發展歷程的核心要素,以觀察德國、美國、日本、蘇聯等歷史案例如何滿足崛起強權理論的假設。在理論的建構與案例的檢證後,以崛起強權理論為經,中國大陸從1991年後冷戰時期的發展為緯,畫出另一當代中國研究的新風貌,力求刻畫中國大陸崛起過程上較具一致邏輯的解釋輪廓。 本文共分為三大部分,第一部分為建構崛起強權理論的分析架構,能力上包括判別崛起與晉身強權的指標,崛起強權與體系第一強權在長時間上相對權力差距變化的推論;意圖上則演繹主要單元和單元的動機強弱和意涵區別,將崛起強權放在主要單元的分析上,延伸相對權力的變化如何造成認知樂觀與悲觀,進而判斷崛起強權對國際秩序的滿意與否;結構上包含闡述構成體系極數的強權必須具備的經濟力量與軍事力量的平衡,否則體系則因失衡走向變遷,並推論體系變遷所含有的結構動態觀念,引導出不同極數的體系變遷造成的國際環境的和平壓力大小;行為上則指涉認知與結構對軍事行為的強度產生的影響,分別為對外動武積極程度的用兵,以及對國際和平壓力反應的軍備。第二部分為回顧距今124年來德、美、日、蘇的崛起經驗,證實了崛起強權理論在歷史案例中的適用性,尤其在軍事行為的強度上如何反應崛起強權認知悲觀的假設。第三部分則以崛起強權理論解釋中國大陸在後冷戰的崛起過程,對其在20年間的「和平崛起」之原因提出新解,並簡要基於2011-2014年的歷史資料,預測中國大陸在短期未來上較有可能的發展路徑。 本文的研究發現主要有三個意涵,第一,重新檢視崛起強權的概念本質,提出具解釋力的分析途徑;第二,補充現實主義典範上對意圖描述的相對缺乏,彌補國家對自身發展的認知和能力變化的關聯;第三,解釋守勢現實主義與攻勢現實主義的理論差異,提出「更動國際體系」的主要單元功能。
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權力平衡輿東南亞中立化之研究

牟家榮, Mou, Jia-Rong Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論;略敘東南亞人文背景及戰後國際政治概況。第二章東南亞國際政治的幾 個背景;第一節民族主義,第二節共黨革命,第三節種族問題與領土爭執,第四節經 濟因素。第三章國際強權在東南亞的角逐;第一節美國,第二節蘇聯,第三節中共, 第四節日本。探討強權的利益,競爭的模式,以及東南亞各國在強權競爭下的適應。 第四章中立化的構想,問題及定義;說明中立化提出的背景及其實質。第五章各國對 中立化的看法;第一節東協各國的立場,第二節緬甸及共黨印支的態度,第三節強權 的反應。第六章中立化的展望;第一節瑞士,瑞典的先例,第二節區域安全,第三節 經濟合作,第四節權力平衡。尋出各種可能達成的途徑。第七章結論。
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優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體對感化教育少年增強權能的成效 / The effects of strength-based project adventure education group on empowerment for juvenile inmates

蔡杰伶 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」的成效,並根據研究結果提出「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」作為犯罪問題行為少年處遇策略之適用性。   本研究採「不等質控制組」準實驗設計,以「誠正中學」中受感化教育的少年為對象。其中,實驗組成員23名,實驗期間接受九次的「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」;四組對照組成員共81名,接受一般輔導課程。 本研究使用量化工具-「增強權能量表」,分別進行前測、後測與追蹤測,並以「無母數檢定(Mann-Whitney U統計量檢定、Wilcoxon符號等級檢定)」作為統計方法,檢驗分析實驗處遇的立即效果與延續效果。本研究同時使用質化工具-「反思札記」,藉由個別成員活動反思紀錄的整理與分析結果,提出成員在團體中的「學習收穫」與「增強權能」的展現,以作為實驗效果之補充。 本研究的主要發現如下: 一、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」有正向顯著影響,且效果能延續加乘。 二、一般矯正教育措施對「增強權能」也可以帶來正向影響,但效果卻未能持續。 三、成員的「增強權能」會隨著「團體歷程」呈現「階段性」發展。 四、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」適用於受感化教育少年,也可為少年犯罪問題行為矯治之有效策略。 根據研究發現,提出下列幾點建議: 一、對於青少年犯罪矯治實務 (一)建議可將「優勢觀點為基礎的探索教育團體」安排於新生入校階段實施。 (二)建議可將「增強權能」程度作為矯正學校成效評估指標之一。 (三)建議矯正學校內可以增設「低空繩索設施」。 (四)建議校內舉辦探索教育訓練,讓工作人員都具備探索活動帶領能力。 二、對於未來從事相關研究者 (一)先深入瞭解「矯正學校機關特性」以利預先克服執行面之可能干擾 (二)須格外注意保密相關的「研究倫理」 (三)團體人數掌握在8-12人,或是安排協同領導者 參、對於未來計畫運用「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」的實務工作者 (一)領導者在團體過程中與成員互動要積極落實「優勢觀點」實務要素。 (二)在方案執行中持續進行「過程評估」。 (三)在團體方案結束後「持續輔導」。 / This research is to investigate “The Effects of Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on “Empowerment” for juvenile inmates and according to the research results to bring up the application of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on treatment strategy of juvenile delinquents. The nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. And the subjects of this research were Juvenile Inmates in Chengjheng High School. There were 23 members in experiment group and during experiment period, they accepted 9 times of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group”; at the same time, there were 4 control groups (total 81 members) who accepted usual student counseling courses to compare. The study employed “Empowerment Scale” to conduct pretest, posttest, and long-term measures. Then the data were analyzed by nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test) as statistics method to examine and analyze instant and long-term effects on experiment treatment. And the researcher also used qualitative tool “introspection notes” to collect and analyze the consequences from self-observation records on individual member’s activities and addressed the performances of members on “Learning Gains” and “Empowerment” in groups as supplementary of experiment effects. And the main findings of this research are as below: 1. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” has positive and obvious influences on “Empowerment” of juvenile delinquents and the effects can be synergistic continuously. 2. Usual student counseling courses can create positive influences on “Empowerment” as well but the effects cannot be continuous. 3. The “Empowerment” of members can develop “Stage by Stage” along with “the Progress of Groups”. 4. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” is suitable for juvenile delinquents and efficient strategy to correct their criminal problems and activities. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher has suggestions below. 1. For the practices on correction of juvenile delinquents: a. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” can be implemented when new students just enter schools. b. The degree of “Empowerment” can be as one of criteria on outcomes evaluation of correction schools. c. Correction schools can add “the Facilities of Low Ropes Course”. d. Correction schools can hold Project Adventure education training to let all workers have leading abilities of adventure activities. 2. For future researchers who focus on related topics: a. Understand “Characteristics of Correction Schools and Institutions” deeply first in order to avoid any possible interference on the aspect of application in advance. b. Should pay particular attention to privacy-related "Research Ethics". c. Group members should be controlled 8-12 people or arrange collaborative leaders. 3. For practitioners who plan to adopt “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” in the future: 1. Leaders must implement practical essentials of “Strengths Perspective” in the progress of groups and between the interactions with members. 2. Keep proceeding with “Evaluation of Progress” when the project is carried out. 3. Maintain student counseling after the project is finished.

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