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幼児期からの好奇心の発達に関する研究岩嵜, 唱子 23 March 2023 (has links)
学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第24761号 / 総総博第26号 / 新制||総総||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 積山 薫, 准教授 森口 佑介, 教授 齋藤 敬 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DGAM
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生態学的実在論に基づく意味論に関する研究―理論的考察と実践的言語記述―井上, 拓也 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第24700号 / 人博第1073号 / 新制||人||251(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1073(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷口 一美, 教授 藤田 耕司, 准教授 守田 貴弘, 教授 山梨 正明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
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バーチャルリアリティ環境における空間認識と姿勢制御メカニズムの検討藤本, 花音 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第23624号 / 文博第881号 / 新制||文||712(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 蘆田 宏, 准教授 黒島 妃香, 教授 西田 眞也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DFAM
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獨立董事的貞操兼論其未來性 / Chastity of Independent Directors and discuss its Future姜統掌 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以公司治理作為開場,簡述百餘年來我國公司法的濫觴,以及近十年最大的變革為引入獨立董事制度。更指陳國內相關法條中,已將長期以來的股東會中心改變為董事會中心,而企業營運由追求股東最大利益轉換為公司最大利益。旋而,說明公司治理之定義及原則,進而應用公司治理之概念,作獨立董事必要功能之論述。接著闡述監督公司經營者之方式,整體而言,監督方式可分為內部監督和外部監督,然後依OECD之架構,探討公司內外部監督型態。
由於各界對公司治理實務現狀仍嫌不足,更有殷切期待。值此新政府財經團隊上路之際,財經法條、辦法、規章有待變革,甚而已計劃逕行全面翻修現行公司法。當此之時,由金融監督管理委員會全力推動,代表相當比重社會價值之上市上櫃公司營運監理,業已由傳統董監事之雙軌(二元)制,變更為董事會全面主導營運及監控。國內以公司治理之名,全面單軌(一元)制似已成必然之路。
鑑於獨立董事制度施行必要性,本文說明單軌制的美國獨立董事現狀,並將傳統監董雙軌制的德國作整理。兼而比較鄰近與我國互為影響的日中之獨立董事制度實行現狀和法律規範,期待在台灣未來再定位獨立董事,能有更多思考空間。其間,分別介紹各國獨立董事(或內部監理)制度之發展,包括該國特殊監理之原因和制度。在此加強說明其獨立董事制度之功能、獨立董事制度實踐之情形、獨立董事之重要資格和針對獨立董事制度各界提出可能之問題。
面對我國獨立董事的實務與挑戰,探討我國獨立董事制度現階段發展情形,分析討論我國獨立董事制度之利弊得失,進而指出目前制度應改進之處。於此之時,針對我國獨立董事的缺點提出建議,並針對各國的特色優點作引用,以提高本文建議調整規範之妥當性。更進一步,將董事會興利除弊的天職,提出兼具各利害關係人權益,與國際接軌的理想性公司治理藍圖。
由於本文多項結論建議與現行證券、公司等法規定未盡相同,未來實行將可預期以專章修法為必要。其中側重在提高獨立董事的權利和義務,力求在獨立董事與一般董事間作區別對待,奠定獨立董事制度效能開展之基石。具體內容包括,主張強化外部稽核的獨立董事占董事會比重,由現行不低於五分之一,提高至不低於三分之一。推動董事會治理長(祕書)為常設單位、依陽光透明為最佳殺菌劑原理,增設吹哨者條款、基於股東行動主義,賦與一定投資比重和持股期間之專職投資法人(以下稱機構投資人)定額法定提名權,以吸引長期且穩定的國內外機構法人和基金的加入,提升長期投資法人股東的比重。並課與揭露相關訊息,以突顯其推介客觀獨立價值。
鑑於長期以來,獨立董事不獨立,甚而有之淪為大股東的護航配角。本文希望藉由保護其貞操(忠實義務)之實,進而促建其完整執行功能與例行和不定期權責,並設定歸責條件及規避原則下,得由其他獨立董事及法定訴追機構如投資人保護中心,行使較目前更嚴格的競業禁止、歸入權及有限連帶賠償責任等,以專章立法更進一步推動法治與專業獨立董事的公司治理制度,將可蔚為世界典範。
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休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之關係探討郭肇元 Unknown Date (has links)
幸福、快樂的人生,自古以來是人類所努力追求的目標,心流經驗(flow experience)以內在動機為基礎,闡述了透過心流經驗的正向感受,提升個體自我成長與生活品質的途徑。本研究主要目的以心流理論為架構,來探討休閒中之心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康間的關係,並進一步瞭解不同休閒活動種類間的差異。
本研究整理國內外有關心流經驗的文獻,編製「休閒心流經驗量表」與「休閒體驗問卷」,並藉由「身心健康量表」以瞭解互相間之關係,採便利取樣方式,對不同產業之541位上班族群進行問卷調查。研究結果發現,休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之間,互相存在顯著正相關。而「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型在休閒體驗的表現上,均顯著高於「高估」與「一致差」組型,且在身心健康上亦顯著高於「一致差」組型;然「一致好」組型在身心健康之「不利健康之因應行為」表現上,卻顯著較「高估」與「一致差」組型差。
此外,研究亦顯示「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型所從事的休閒活動,均屬戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒,「一致差」組型則較屬視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒;而從事戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒,在休閒心流經驗與休閒體驗上的表現,較從事視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒來得好。
最後根據研究分析所得結果,本研究討論其意義,並對後續研究、上班族群與相關實務工作者,提出研究方向及建議。 / This study revised the flow state scale(Jackson & Marsh, 1996) and the description of the quality of experience(Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989) as the scale of flow experience in leisure and leisure experience questionnaire, respectively, to understand the relationship of flow experience, leisure experience and mental-physical health in 541 adult workers from different organizations in Taiwan. Results showed that significant positive associations between flow experience and leisure experience, flow experience and mental-physical health, also, leisure experience and mental-physical health. The patterns of flow experience in leisure are found something different on leisure experience and mental- physical health. The congruence/good pattern is significantly better than congruence/poor pattern on leisure experience and mental-physical health; and the congruence/good pattern is also significantly better than over- estimate pattern on leisure experience. Nevertheless, the congruence/good pattern is significantly worse than over-estimate and congruence/poor patterns on harmful coping behaviors subscale.
In addition, results also presented that those who are categorized into the congruence/good flow pattern tend to choose active leisure(eg., outdoor activities, physical activities, hobbies, and mental activities); reversely, those who are categorized into the congruence/poor pattern tend to choose passive leisure(eg., television-viewing and shopping). Moreover, those choosing active leisure are better than those choosing passive leisure on flow experience and leisure experience.
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小児用補助人工心臓のための超小型遠心ポンプの研究開発碓氷, 章彦, 大原, 康寿, 高味, 良行, 高谷, 節雄, 川口, 鎮 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(B) 課題番号:10480243 研究代表者:碓氷 章彦 研究期間:1998-2001年度
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重構不當對待動物行為之刑法規範 / Reconstruction of criminal animal cruelty law許琬婷, Hsu, Wan Ting Unknown Date (has links)
當人們談論動物保護時,可能提出的問題大約不脫「人類是否應該保護動物」、「人類為何保護動物」、「人類應該保護哪些動物」,以及「人類如何保護動物」之延伸範疇,針對這四個問題又可以依所採之研究基礎偏重倫理學或法學,而有各種不同的回應。
本文採取偏重法學角度之立場,從實定法出發,隨時序個別分析我國及德國動物保護法之歷史發展及現行法呈現之樣貌後,藉由與咸認先進的德國動物保護法制及其背後所可能隱含之人與動物關係的歷史變遷進行比較研究,試圖在同與異之間尋找我國動物保護法所隱含的人與動物關係之可能解釋,此乃嘗試從實定法追溯背後的倫理學意涵,並在此解釋基礎上,進一步探求動物保護法益之可能回答,由倫理學再回歸法學領域,均是試圖回應「人類是否應該保護動物」及「人類為何保護動物」二問。
最後嘗試藉由求得之動物保護法益「道德感情」來建構我國動物保護刑事規範,則是試圖給出「人類應該保護哪些動物」及「人類如何保護動物」二問在刑事法層面上之回答,對現行動物保護法刑事規範提出修正建議,包括將動物一般保護規定及刑事規範分勾,擴張動物一般保護之客體範疇而維持刑事規範涉及之行為客體範圍,以重構本文理想之動保刑事規範。 / When referring to animal protection, the most popular questions probably will be within the range of the following four. Should humans protect animals? Why should humans protect animals? What kind of animals should humans protect? And the final one, how do humans protect animals?
The answers can be changed depending on the different views, like ethics view or legal point of view. This study basically focuses on the legal point of view, starting with Taiwan’s Animal Protection Act and German’s Animal Welfare Act (in German: Tierschutzgesetz), by comparing those two different animal protection systems, trying to figure out the development level of Taiwan’s Animal Protection Act in the tide of the world’s development of animal welfare, then using the conclusion to explore the legal interest of animal protection, attempting to answer the first two questions: Should humans protect animals? And why?
Furthermore, using the legal interest “moral emotion” to construct ideal animal protection criminal legal norms, attempting to answer the rest of the questions: What kind of animals should humans protect? And how to protect? The final purpose is to reconstruct an ideal animal protection criminal law system in Taiwan.
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靈與心的救贖:從靈思心理學解讀al-Ghazzali的蘇非之道 / The Salvation of Soul and Heart: A Contemplative Psychological Interpretation on al-Ghazzali’s Sufi Path楊美芬 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以11、12世紀伊斯蘭蘇非大師Ghazzali的靈與心之救贖作為宗教心理學理論探討的典範,主要著眼於他個人在宗教心理的意義中,以虔誠和謙卑體現信仰實踐的重大轉變,除了其本身擁有豐富的知識和深刻的思想,更重要的是,他履行蘇非之道,徹底改變信仰態度,真正捨離世俗,最終獲得靈與心的救贖。在分析和詮釋的理論依據上,本文採用荷蘭宗教心理學家Han F.de Wit結合自己的心理學素養與靈修經驗,在20世紀晚期發展出的一套理論,稱為「靈思心理學」(Contemplative Psychology)。在這套理論中,de Wit呈現宗教的冥思傳統(contemplative tradition)與個人的心理洞見、信念之間的連結,經驗和思想可以相互為用。在他所提出的觀點之中,本文透過如下幾個主張,包括皈依、關鍵時刻、斷裂、危機、懷疑、改變、與捨離,說明Ghazzali如何成就伊斯蘭密契傳統的最高典範,同時也突顯靈思心理學試圖闡釋人類靈與心互相超越,同獲救贖的理想。 / The thesis regarded Ghazzali, the outstanding thinker and great Sufi of Islamic world in the 11th and 12th centuries, as a perfect example, who embodied an inward transformation of religious action with piety and humility. Other than his profound knowledge and thoughts, Ghazzali is also an authority on theology and law of Islam, and furthermore he performed a Muslim’s devotion by proceeding on the path of Sufi. He gave up all his possessions, followed the instructions of Sufism to survive a serious crisis of spirit, and obtained the ultimate salvation of his soul and heart in the end.
The theory used in this thesis to analyze and interpret Ghazzali’s spiritual experience is the “contemplative psychology” of Han F.de Wit, who is a religious psychologist of the Netherlands. De Wit spent more than ten years combining his psychological training and spiritual experience to develop the theory in late twentieth century. In this theory he presented the connection between contemplative traditions of many religions and the insights & beliefs within individual mind. Among those concepts stated by de Wit in his theory, the thesis used mainly several of them, such as conversion, moments, break, crisis, doubt, change, and renunciation, etc. Accordingly, Ghazzali could be the most perfect example of the contemplative psychology, when we refer to salvation of both human Soul and Heart.
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高階行政人員核心能力之分析-五國的經驗與啟示劉宜靜, Liu, Yi-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
本論文採文獻分析,亦於理論中釐清組織層面的核心能力與個人層面的核心能力。多數學者認為組織的核心能力為替組織創造競爭優勢的特殊技能或科技,創造利益,也塑造企業文化與價值觀。核心能力的確為具體化組織願景的工具,其運用乃將具備適當技能的適當的人,置其於適當的職位。而落實至個人層次則涵括了個人的基本特質,包括知識、態度、技能和價值,於其工作情境中的超卓表現。而且有效工作表現的模型必須是個人能力、工作需求與組織環境三者的交集區間。然應用在公部高階行政人員的甄補與訓練中,則以美、加、英、澳、紐五國的實施作為探討的對象,依高階行政人員、實施背景、甄補過程、與核心能力內容等四個主要面向作介紹,於最後一章歸結為數種相同的能力,以及給予我國的啟示與建議。 / Fist part of this thesis is separated into two dimensions--organizational core competency and individual core competency. we have to clarify the difference between two, though core competency does realize the vision of organization. The significance of core competency is arrange the right person with right competencies on the right position. Only those in the range of individual competencies, job needs, and organizational environment are core competencies, and do make superior performance. And then introduce the application in the recruitment and training in senior service in 5 countries-United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. In these two chapters, we discuss them from the definitions, backgrounds, recruitment procedures, and contents. And the final of this thesis sum up those profiles, suggests to our government.
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長期心理治療創造新人際關係經驗之研究:從心理師觀點 / A study of how to create a new interpersonal relationships experience during long-term psychotherapy:From counselors viewpoint黃筱涵, Huang, Hsiao Han Unknown Date (has links)
人際經驗是個體發展他人形象與環境評估的關鍵因素。大部分尋求長期心理治療的個案,其困擾多與過去負面的人際經驗所帶來的關係議題有關。若個體在成長過程經常遭受拒絕,會發展出「世界不能控制、別人不可預測、不可信任」的他人觀點。因此,本研究旨在探討長期心理治療歷程個案他人表徵的差異,以及心理師如何協助個案改變原有的他人表徵,並創造新的人際關係經驗。
本研究以質性研究方式進行,總共以六位長期心理治療取向為主的資深心理師作為研究對象,以一對一的方式,與每位受訪者進行一次深度訪談。訪談內容著重探討個案他人表徵的改變,以及個案過去的重要他人形象如何重現在治療關係中;並深入了解長期心理治療關係對於個案發展新的人際關係經驗之影響。本研究透過現象學方式進行訪談資料的分析,呈現長期深度心理治療對改變個案人際關係經驗之成效。本研究結果發現如下:
一、他人表徵
治療前的他人表徵是模糊、沒有彈性、單一、負面的,因而無法辨認心理師真實的形象。經過長期心理治療,個案對他人形象的詮釋逐漸清晰、具體、有彈性、且納入更多正向的觀點。
二、長期心理治療歷程
先個案會將自己慣用的人際互動帶入與心理師的治療關係中。接著個案感受到心理師溫暖、支持的回應。由於治療關係不同於過去的人際經驗,使個案重新經驗穩定、安全的人際關係,進而開始辨認並建立新的他人形象。最後個案將學到的新人際互動方式帶到其他關係中,發展更適應的人際關係。
三、心理師的角色與功能
為了建立穩固的治療同盟,心理師需維持穩定的態度、提供溫暖支持的環境、尊重個案的自主性。同時心理師也可幫助個案覺察、理解自身的狀態,建立更彈性的想法、協助個案願意信任心理師及冒險。 / Interpersonal experience is the key factor for people to develop other- representation and to evaluate the environment. Most issues of long-term psychotherapy clients’ come from past negative experiences about interpersonal relationship. If people were frequently rejected by others as they grew, it is much easier for them to develop the viewpoints of other that the world is uncontrollable, and that people are unpredictable and untrustworthy. Hence, the main purpose of this research was to explore the difference of other-representation during the long-term psychotherapy period, and how counselors help the clients to change their old other-representation, in order to create new interpersonal relationship experience.
This study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 6 counselors who primarily conducted long-term psychotherapy for clients. Each psychologist was interviewed once, one by one. All interviews lasted for about one and half hour. The contents of the interviews focused on the change of other-representation, the reappearance of clients’ important interpersonal patterns in counseling relationships, and the influences of long-term counseling relationships on clients’ developing new interpersonal relationship experience. After data collection, verbatim transcription of each interviews were analyzed in a phenomenological approach. The study aims to obtain the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy on the change of clients’ interpersonal relationship experience.
The main findings of this study were as follows:
1. Other-representation
The other-representation is indistinct, inflexible, single, and negative before long-term psychotherapy begins, and clients have difficulties to recognize the real image of counselor. After long-term psychotherapy, clients are able to interpret the image of others in a more distinct, specific and flexible way, and to include some positive view points in their other-representation.
2. Long-term psychotherapy process
First, clients bring their habitual interpersonal interactive mode into counseling relationships. Second, they receive kind and supportive response from the counselor. Because of counseling relationship is different from their past interpersonal experience, clients re-experience a stable and, secure interpersonal relationship and start to recognize and establish a new image of other people. Third, clients learn new interpersonal interactive skill, and develop more suitable interpersonal relationship .
3. The role and function of a counselor
In order to establish stable working alliance, counselors should keep stable attitude, provide a holding environment, and respect the autonomy of clients. At the same time, counselors also help clients to comprehend their predicament, expand their cognition with elasticity, and trust counselors.
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