由於時代變遷、教育日漸普及，女性教育水準的提高、進入工作職場的人數也日趨增加，因此兩性工作平權成為近年重要的議題之一。相較於其他國家以及國際組織，我國的兩性工作平權算是發展的較晚，一直到了二OO一年才通過了「兩性工作平等法」，這也才使得我國的兩性工作平權邁入另一個里程碑。本文透過研究國內外的文獻將兩性工作平權的發展及台北市兩性工作平權的情形予以介紹，除了深入介紹兩性工作平等法外，並與美、英、日等其他國家的兩性工作平權的措施或是制度做一比較，希望可以從其他國家的經驗當中，得到截長補短的效果。再輔以台北市政府員工及主管的深度訪談，透過半結構式的深度訪談，了解台北市政府內人員對於兩性工作平權的看法以及親身的經驗。希望可以藉由實證的結果，得知理論與實務的差異。最後則是對於兩性工作平等法以及台北市政府的兩性工作平權提出建言，以期我國的兩性工作平權能夠達到更為平等的境界。

我國兩性工作平等法制，受到國際潮流之影響，歷經十餘年努力，在諸多婦運團體、學者專家、立法委員的奮鬥下，終於在民國90年12月21日完成三讀立法程序，並於次年3月8日正式施行，至今已6年。就政府部門而言，其不僅為本法之主管機關（兩性工作平等法第4條規定），更是眾多公務人員的雇主。因而政府機關如何推動、施行兩性工作平等法，以及其落實兩性工作平等法之程度，不僅將為私部門之楷模，更是政策成敗重要關鍵之一。 本研究以關務機關為例，採用質性研究，以文獻探討法蒐集兩性工作平等相關文獻探討及相關規範予以對照比較分析，以了解兩性工作平等相關議題歷史軌跡，進程及未來趨勢，並透過比較研究法就英美國家實施兩性平權措施經驗與我國兩性工作平等實施情形加以比較，並檢視兩性工作法施行於公部門不足之處，以建置本研究架構，另透過目標性抽樣方式選取訪談對象，以半結構的訪談大綱進行深度訪談，就訪談所得資料予以記錄、編碼、分類、整合，期了解女性及男性關務人員對於兩性工作平等法實施後的看法以及親身的經驗。希望可以藉由實證的結果，得知理論與實務的差異。從本研究中發現，一、我國兩性公平權仍有繼續努力的空間。二、兩性工作平等法部分內容可予以修改補充之。三、其他國家兩性工作平權之措施值得我國參考，但不宜貿然完全移植，必須應各國國情之不同，而提出適合自己國家的措施或制度。四、未來母性保護措施應予修正，另受訪者均認生育補助及育嬰津貼無法解決生活經濟壓力的問題。五、家庭與工作間的衝突仍在。六、關務機關兩性工作平等之落實仍有繼續加強的空間。七、兩性工作平等法宣傳不足。整體而言，兩性工作平等法實施後關務人員均持正面看法，復據本研究發現，吾人試從禁止性別歧視、促進工作平等等面向提出下列建議：一、應藉由「札根教育」建立起兩性平等、無性別高下之分的觀念。二、宣傳兩性平等之真諦。三、職場托育制度的推動。三、增加女性再就業的訓練機會。四、正視低階公務人員生育補助育嬰津貼的問題。五、公務人員相關母性保護規定應予修正。六、對於育有三歲以下子女之婦女如報考公職應比照後備軍人模式予加分優待。七、女性關務人員應克服生理障礙爭取工作績效。八、我國對於幼兒教育券的發放對象，似得參考歐美放寬至3-5歲的幼兒。 關鍵字：兩性工作平等、關務人員 / The Gender Equality Employment Law of Taiwan, ROC, influenced by international trends, passed the third reading in the Legislative Yuan on December 21, 2001, with the endeavor of women’s groups, scholars, experts, lawmakers, etc. Implemented on March 8 the next year, it has now been six years since implementation. The government is not only the “competent authority” of this act (in accordance with Article 4 of this law) but also the major employer of a large number of civil servants. Therefore, the government institutions’ manner in promoting and implementing the Gender Equality Employment Law to consolidate equal rights mentioned in this law will become the exemplar of the private sector and the key to the success of this policy. This research regards the customs office as example. Utilizing qualitative research and literature review on documents and regulations related to the Gender Equality Employment Law, it compares and contrasts the findings to understand the historical trajectory regarding the issues, the progresses, and future trends of gender equality employment. Through comparative research, the experience of the implementation of gender equality employment in UK and US will be compared with that in Taiwan to examine the inadequacy in Taiwan’s government sector in order to construct the framework of this research. In addition, purposive sampling will be used to select the interviewees, who will be interviewed with a semi-structured interview guide in in-depth interview. The data gathered in the interviews will be recorded, numbered, categorized, and integrated to understand the experiences of the male and female officers working in the customs office after the implementation of the Gender Equality Employment Law. It is hoped that the empirical findings can offer us the knowledge of the differences between theory and practice. This research discovers that: 1.There is still room for improvement regarding gender equality. 2. Part of the contents of the Gender Equality Employment Law can be amended and expanded. 3. The measures of other countries in the aspects of gender equality are worthy of our reference but without any necessity of transplanting them. 4. The protection policy of maternity should be amended in the future. In addition, all the interviewees agree that the childbirth subsidy and parental benefits cannot help alleviate economic pressure. 5. The conflicts between work and family still exist. 6. There is still room for consolidation of gender equality employment in the customs office. 7. There is insufficient promotion of the Gender Equality Employment Law. Overall, the officers in the customs office hold positive view towards gender equality employment after the implementation of this law. Meanwhile, according to findings in this study, we would like to suggest the following: 1.The concepts of gender equality and non gender priorities should be built through “fundamental education”. 2. To promote the truth of gender equality. 3. To promote a childcare system for career people. 4. To Increase the opportunities for women to receive on the job training before re-entering the job market. 5. To pay attention to the problems of childbirth subsidy and parental benefit for low-ranking officers. 6. The regulations for the protection of maternity should be amended. 7. Bonus scores should be given to women, just as retired military personnel, with a child or children below three years old in the entrance for civil servants. 8. Female officers in the customs office should overcome physical barriers to promote better accomplishments at work. 9. The issuing of children’s education vouchers should be expanded to children from 3 to 5 years old with reference to the policies in Europe and America. Key word: gender equality in employment, customs officer

本文源自近年來台灣討論各種「性」產業的相關討論，及主流社會、大眾傳播媒體對性工作者的各種評價性言論而來，啟發了筆者想探討，究竟對台灣社會而言，「性」是怎麼樣的一件事，台灣社會對於「性」的評價是否因為行為者的身分地位而有所差異。本研究係以馬克思對於意識形態的描述及評論，來探究在資本主義的市場下，「性」究竟以何種面貌被看待，尤其在什麼勞動力及商品都可以被販賣的今天，獨獨「性」不可被販賣的理由是什麼？在資本主義的世界裡，可以合法地允許勞動力剝削，從生產線上的工人到服務業裡的店員、服務生，甚至是24小時的幫傭、看護，不管遭遇剝削的情形多嚴重，充其量只是雇主因此受罰，或給予勞工們適當的賠償，絕不會因為「剝削」而成為禁止該職業或商品的理由，然而，反對性交易或性工作者，便係以此做為反對的理由。但從上述各種職業的現況看來，剝削似乎不是禁止性交易的主要理由，因此，「性」究竟有什麼樣的個殊性，使得性交易被禁止，被認為是一種剝削呢？本文即以此問題意識出發，企圖透過馬克思對意識形態的詮釋，找出該問題的蛛絲馬跡，以釐清性交易被禁止的真正原因。 本研究在第一章先較詳盡地介紹筆者的問題發想、問題意識，並說明何以用馬克思在意識形態上所講述的觀點討論性交易這個議題，並闡釋從何種角度連結性交易與馬克斯意識形態理論的關係，並說明本研究主要研究的範圍，係聚焦在台灣過去對於性交易的評斷與論述上。此外，本文係以馬克思對於意識形態的闡述與思考，來看待性交易的問題，檢視究竟前開論述是否符合馬克思所述的意識形態要件。第二章則提到意識形態一詞的起源及發展歷史，探討意識形態最早是如何被使用，及哲學家們在提到意識形態時，對其評價為何？接著再闡述馬克思係在何種脈絡下提到意識形態，並爬梳了解馬克思識如何建構意識形態在他學說中的地位與批判，又是如何看待意識形態在各種社會議題和思想討論上的地位。 第三章則回到台灣對於性交易的論述，因現況下台灣的性交易仍是非法，雖有合法化的討論，但主流論述多半反對之，因此筆者先回顧國內外反對性交易的理由，接著爬梳從台灣廢娼以來，針對不應該使性交易合法的理由又係那些，並初步分析這些理由背後代表著的究係是何種考量，藉此回歸思考到性或性工作的本質究竟是什麼，而這樣的論述背後，究竟代表著什麼樣的意識形態。本文第四章便順著第二章和第三章的脈絡，從馬克思的意識形態理論，去看待台灣在談論性交易時，是否對性有種特別的、神聖的意識形態，在這樣的意識形態下，台灣的性工作者又是被何種角度看待，而在這樣的觀點下，是否存在著如馬克思所說的「拜物」特徵，使性被神秘化了。因此，在徹底剖析性被神秘化、神聖化的內涵後，要如何用唯物的觀點看待性，也是本文主要探討的重點。 最後，本研究仍是希望性交易或其他相類的性工作，能以抽離意識形態後的態度來討論，即回歸雇傭勞動及一般服務業的角度觀之，從社會及經濟層面的唯物觀點來思考所有的勞動關係，在這個意義下，性工作及性交易也就能正常地看待它，最起碼以一般勞務工作的角度看待。誠然，不管非法或合法化底下，性工作或性交易都會有其問題存在，但去除掉性的神秘面紗後，性交易或其他性工作所產生的問題，就可以用一般正常的管制措施去規範它，如此一來性工作者的權益亦將得到保障，而非僅係用單純用意識形態的神秘面紗來反對性交易，使性工作者在現行娼嫖皆罰的制度下，只能更躲藏於黑暗之中，然而檯面下的問題卻始終層出不窮。

性工作者的勞動權益是一個細緻化的工程，除罪化、合法化的難處、法制政策的價值辯證尚待確立，同時須遷就社會、政治及經濟的現實。 在性工作者的認知中，無論是以商品的方式看待交易行為或認其性交易是處境中求生存的選擇，其實與大眾對於職業選擇並無差異。需要被正視的是性工作者的性服務中，其勞動條件包括：待遇、福利、風險、休假、自主權、工作環境、工會組織、資本形式與股份制度、服務規範的缺乏、服務程序的監督等。再進一步地檢視社會價值觀對性工作者的污名化及社會文化，用歧視性工作的手段進行社會控制。 本研究旨在從性工作者的主體觀點訪談中，期望真實反應性工作者的工作處遇及態樣，對於訪談發現進行分析，輔以他國制度比對相較，藉以了解現我國現行實務上不完備的缺口與參照適用的可能。最後於結論部分，針對性工作者身處惡劣勞動環境、面對的勞動情緒與失去的勞動尊嚴提出看法，並對於相關規定政策及性工作者的自主勞動、社會福利提出建議作為未來相關議題研究者之參考。 / When it comes to labor rights of workers who provide direct sexual services, it is the meticulous and painstaking process. Due to difficulties of decriminalization of sex work and of legalizing as well as the value of legal policies is yet to be set up, we often take social-political and economic environments for the practical consideration. As those worker’s understanding, the services they serve are familiar with others, that is, they work like others do as they serve whom need it. However, they do not get the same rights and protection as others, such as labor welfares, labor insurances, labor protection, and rights to union, Furthermore, they are living under the control of stigmatization and discrimination. The main focus of the study is to explore and reveal commercial sex workers' working conditions and status through the interviews . According to the analysis and induction of the data from the interviews, we have compared the differences of sex work policies between Taiwan and other countries so as to find the gap between current practices and applicable policies. In conclusion, we suggest those sex workers who work in bad working condition and suffer misunderstanding, stigmatization and discrimination, the better way to get the decent work. Also we offer some suggestions for the further related study in the future.

none / Shanghai is one of China’s most developed cities; by 2006, the GDP per capita had reached US$7490, with the year-to-year economic growth exceeding 8% every year for the past decade. These results leave everyone impressed. Besides this factor, Shanghai is where the East meets the West, with a truly cosmopolitan cultural milieu. For these very reasons, many young Chinese come to Shanghai in search of their lucky pot of gold. But homosexual male-to-male sexual workers leave their hometowns for the big city, availing themselves of the chance to get rid of their family pressures, and to embrace new lives with their sexual orientation. So why do they instead choose to remain subject to the traditional Chinese way of thinking, being limited by the traditional Confucian precepts, seeing marriage as an absolutely essential element of life? What are the relations between economic development and social mores in terms of China’s male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual)? As the economy develops very rapidly, the concept of sexulization has begun to sprout in China, so how can male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual) envision themselves in light of these trends? From the traditional views of the subservient master-servant Confucian vertical social relations, to the present circumstance of transforming one’s body into a product for sale, does this help China’s male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual)to oppose the constraints of the traditional Confucian views, so that they can, like China’s female prostitutes, begin a quest for their equal human rights? These are among the many questions addressed in this study. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to understand the working milieu of the male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) in Shanghai, China, in appreciation of the background causes for underlying male-to-male sex work (sex or sexual) and perception of the entire process of their experiences. .An in-depth study on these male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual?) in Shanghai, China, was conducted as to when they left their hometowns, and how they came to grip with their sexual orientation yet had to return to face the issue of forming a traditional family (by marriage). How could someone who has been living in a country and society steeped in patriarchy, go to work as a prostitute for the male? How strong are the forces of internal anxiety and external pressure upon these men’s inner world? These are the core issues this study intends to explore and follow up. After the research motivation for this study was specified and the author became acquainted with these men, one realized that each of these men worked as male-to-male sex workers had within their personal histories, some skeletons which they wish they had left alone in the closet. Their inner worlds are both bitter and complicated. This is also the reason why qualitative analysis was adopted in this study, to possibly penetrate the world of these men’s hearts, and to analyze their individual family backgrounds, living predicaments, interactions with the broader world and social pressures, and other aspects during the interview process. After interviewing with the 15 MB, the author has learned more from examining the circumstances of male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) who are willing to engage in the male-to-male sex trade and also willing to held a traditional marriage, from the three perspectives of their sexual orientation, economic status and overall social environment. (A) From the sexual orientation point of view. Among the male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) in this study with the exception of one participant who was a heterosexual, the majority of the participants in this interview were all homosexuals staying in the closet. And many of the MBs in the countryside share common formative sexual experiences with other boys, such as sleeping together and masturbation…etc. In the more densely populated countryside where living conditions are relatively poor, it is quite common to see many boys sleeping together in one room, thereby increasing the opportunity for the boys to develop intimate contact. Therefore in light of their formative experiences, the ways they grew up actually contributed to these MB’s acceptance of the male-to-male sex trade. (B) From the economics point of view. All of the research subjects had indicated that the main reason for becoming an MB was to make money. Money became the focal point of these MB’s lifestyles because they had grown up in very poor rural areas and suffered from the pressures of an impoverished environment and unfair society. For recently-graduated students from the rural areas, the education which they have received at great expense is still not comparable with those students graduated from the city. Moreover, China is a social-networking or so-called “guanxi” in Chinese. Rural families often find absolutely no connections to help them find jobs. As a result, graduation spells unemployment. And consequently under great economic pressures, many rural youths go to Shanghai in search of their fortunes. However as they run into brick walls and run out of resources, selling their bodies becomes an easy way to increasing their wealth and a means of survival. (C) From the social environment point of view. Chinese people have stepped away from communism due to the development of capitalism. The emergence of the commodity economy society enables people to pursue a material life and leave virtues of contented living behind. Now with the formation of a capitalist society, wealth has become one of the standard measures for things. The impact of the worship for mammon on Chinese people now results in people using the amount of money as a criterion for interaction. Such a society gradually develops a positive attitude towards prostitution. Sensations, attitudes and affinity distance are all determined by the amount of wealth. Prostitution becomes a means of pursuing money. According to the results from this study, respondents indicated that they have agreed that the sale of body is a tool or method for making money, and have repeatedly emphasized that money is the main factor of becoming MBs. Instead, sex trade was triggered by socio-economic oppression and self-expectations or expectation in sudden success (Structural tension theory, Merton). Furthermore, due to unequal social opportunities, for examples, most of the MBs have not attained good schools; neither does their family have good social relations, which results in a consistent and normal behavior of prostitution among the MBs. For this reason, MBs are in need of social and public concern, while nonetheless such efforts cannot be completed through a group. The society should subvert its current social standards and the value classification, evaluate human values and needs with an attitude of non-judgmental awareness, and seriously look into each individual and his or her work. By understanding and helping those people in need, consequently we will develop a happy world in prosperity.

第一章 緒論，說明本文的研究動機，方法及限制等及探討現代人所重視的工作生 活的品質，工作人性化的內涵。 第二章 工作時間制的演進，討論傳統性的工作時間制、歐美許多國家已車施的減 縮工作時間制，及為了改善現代人工作生活品質而設計的各種較新工作時間制。 第三章 彈性工作時間制的起源，彈性工作時間制所以普受外國機構的重視與採行 ，是因德國MBB 公司首次實施成功的結果，本章討論該公司實施此制的背景因素、 運用情形及員工的反應評價。 第四章 彈性工作時間制的內涵，詳細討論此制的基本概念及其各種類型。 第五章 探討實施彈性工作時間制可能引發的各項問題並提出解決方式，如工作時 間的記錄方式、溝通協調、生產線上的運用及加班的處理等問題。 第六章 彈性工作時間制的評估，探討此制可能產生的各項優缺點，而這些優缺點 並非必然會發生，尚要視組織的氣候、成員的素質、工作的性質及社會的條件等因 素而定。 第七章 彈性工作時間制的發展，以幾個外國個案作為例證來探討彈性工作時間制 的運用情形。並研究我國桃園縣政府的試驗經過與效果。 第八章 結論與建議，探討我國目前有無實施此制的可能性，並建議組織決定採行 彈性工作時間制時，應如何安排準備，以使此制運用成功。 #2810428 #2810428

儘管我國的憲法明文規定，不分男女，其生存權、工作權、財產權一律平等，不得有不同的待遇，但是兩性不平等的待遇在社會各層面卻是歷歷可見，以工作權為例，諸如女性的薪資遠不及男性、經理及決策職位少有女性、職業隔離的現象、工作場合的性騷擾以及懷孕之所產生的問題使得婦女面對著很不利了勞動環境。 近年來，有關就業上性別歧視所引起的爭議，已逐漸的受到爭議，弱勢團體的覺醒，使得這種不公平的待遇引起廣泛的討論，在我國就業上性別歧視的情形嚴不嚴重？現行法律的保障如何？有沒有必要師法國外的制度？都是值得探討的議題。 美國在推動兩性工作平等制度方面有積極及進步的發展，公平就業的國會立法，總統的行政命令以及各法院的判例，將這項制度發揮的淋漓盡致，這些公平就業法律歷經三十幾年的實施之後已屬完備，我國目前有意且有需要制定這類的法律，對於美國的工作平等制度，自有研究的價值，並針對適合我國情的部份參酌援3引。包括： (一)探討美國平等就業機會計劃做法，包括政策、立法、相關措施及效果已檢視政策立意與現況。 (二)本研究欲了解美國對於婦女就業歧視問題在此方面的觀念轉變，來探求其真正的旨意，以供做我國參考。 (三)同工同酬、職業隔離的問題、懷孕婦女的保護獲歧視、性騷擾要如何認定、為何加州在 1996 年底否決了積極行動，以及是否有必要成立類似美國平等就業委員會的機關，本研究將分別在不同章節就以下問題討論。 (四)針對我國國情所反映就業歧視的現象，建議我國是否應採取相關的措施。在我國就業上性別歧視的議題仍屬萌芽階段，本研究希望藉由探討美國的經驗能提供我國政策規劃的方向。 研擬反就業上性別歧視政策必須從法制面、措施面思考，但重要的有兩大政策內容，第一是建立平等的工作機會結構，以協助女性獲得平等就業機會，第二是協助女性克服影響其就業的各種障礙因素。一方面從法制面著手，另一方面推動一些配合性政策與措施，女性勞動者就業才有所保障，女性就業機會和勞動參與的可能性才得以提升。 臺灣地區保障女性勞動權益，提升女性之工作平等機會，以建構一個兩性公平的勞動與結構，雖然非一蹴可及。但是及早研擬完備的反就業上的性別歧視政策，卻是刻不容援之事。主要政策內容應有二大類型： 第一是創造平等勞動市場機會結構之政策：包含平等就業機會之立法、積極行動方案、破除職業隔離、反懷孕歧視、反性騷擾規定。第二是克服女性就業障礙的政策：包含兒童老人照顧措施、親職角色相關之休假、母性保護措施。

失業保險法制於消極面係為保障失業勞工所得中斷之風險，積極面為促使勞工儘速重回職場，然而，請領失業給付不可能毫無限制，否則將無法面對道德風險之挑戰，失業保險制度於財務運作上亦將發生困難，因此，失業保險法制給付資格為一核心議題。 美國失業保險制度於一九三五年由社會安全法(SSA)與聯邦失業稅法(FUTA)共同建構，由聯邦建立基準，再由各州自行訂定州法實際運作，無論是美國聯邦或威斯康辛州之給付資格相關規定經過歷年修正現已十分完備，尤其自願離職之正當理由與合適性工作之要件皆有明文之標準作為認定依據。 於我國就業保險法給付資格相關規定，針對非自願性離職僅有就保法第十一條明文列舉之情狀，而無考量申請者個人因素之空間，是否過於嚴格，尚待討論。而合適性工作之認定亦僅考慮薪資及工作地點之距離，是否能夠通過期待可能原則之檢驗則不無疑慮。又我國就業保險法至今已十餘年，惟卻鮮少針對給付資格相關規定進行檢討，本文欲藉由ILO相關研究與美國法制之引介提供我國就業保險法給付資格相關規定未來修正之參考。

本研究目的在探究我國性別工作平等法規之制度變遷過程，並利用歷史制度主義觀點分析法規制度的「變與不變」與行動者的「動與不動」之間是如何交錯影響，以型塑出法制最後的變遷樣貌。 在整理既有研究中發現到，以往針對性別工作平等制度之研究方向，多從立法機關、民間團體或企業組織等單一角度探究行動者在此制度變遷過程中的態度與行動策略，如此實失之偏頗；有些研究更甚少注意到制度環境系絡本身等各項限制的重要性，因此本研究以Mahoney（2001）路徑依賴之分析架構將個案約略分為五大階段，並以此進行探討。 由於臺灣在戒嚴時期的政經環境限制了當局者的偏好，在強調經濟發展的前提之下，初始勞動法制中有關工作平權的保障仍存有諸多缺失，對於婦女勞動者的保障更是貧乏。即使解嚴後民眾自覺性地反抗並擬定草案送審，當局者在關鍵時刻下依舊選擇漠視，制度也因此僵固不前。雖然路徑依賴之自我遞增特性讓我國婦女勞動權益一再受到漠視，但是隨著時間序列的持續發展，不論是社會環境發生改變，抑或制度內部出現變化，這些反應與逆反應都是重新啟動制度變革的動力。相關行動者與系絡、制度等因素的互動激盪，不但會改變行動者的決定，進而也會使制度最後的樣貌產生轉變，而我國兩性工作平等法規的變革也就是在這些多重因素與複雜時空的交錯之下所產生。 然而本研究發現到歷史制度主義中的制度變遷不一定只會從原有設計當中進行調整，透過此個案發現到，之所以促發此一制度有進行變革的動力，是從民間團體主動提出設立「兩性工作平等法」此一新興法規所致，因此制度不但可以如過去研究般「從既存設計下手進行內部變革」，但也可以如本研究個案一樣，利用「新增外來規範」的方式來強化整體制度之意義。 任何制度在先前的運行，以及行動者本身的有限理性，都會影響到事物後續的發展。由於因果關係的複雜，制度並非隨時處於穩定均衡之狀態，任何的不可預測性都有可能會破壞既有制度。再者，行動者意圖與非意圖的結果，也會造成個體與制度之間的關係有所轉變，也就是因為這種因果不確定（quirks of fate）的特性，形成了各種意外的組合，因此，唯有系統性地分析事件與過程的時間次序，才真正有助於我們瞭解複雜的社會動態。

本文以「兩性工作平等法」中有關於「母性保護」規定為研究重點，探討此政策對於我國台灣地區（不含離島地區）公務人員是否有發揮其預期的效果，以回溯過程評估、回溯結果評估了解其目前執行的實際情況如何？與公務人員所常用的「公務人員請假規則」相比，是否有相似、相互影響的情形？「母性保護」對於公家機關的意涵為何？以及許多曾經使用母性保護規定的公務人員，他們對於母性保護有什麼樣的看法，藉由指出其缺失部份加以改進。 作者所使用的政策評估標準採用William Dunn的六大政策評估標準，「效能」、「效率」、「公平」、「充分性」、「回應性」、「適當性」、「公正性」來作為設計深度訪談問卷的依據。訪談對象以台灣本島地區正式公務人員為主，以立意抽樣選出十八位，比較男女、主管與部屬、地區差異之間的看法，作一歸納比較。 女性員工在懷孕、生產、育嬰時所遇到的困擾，是否因為兩平法的規定受到改善？亦或是影響有限？對於兩性工作之平等是否有促成實質上的助益？本研究將藉由訪談公務人員來了解「兩性工作平等法」有關母性保護規定的實施情況，並且在結論部分提供未來政策的建議。