• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 90
  • 81
  • 9
  • Tagged with
  • 90
  • 90
  • 22
  • 21
  • 20
  • 19
  • 18
  • 15
  • 13
  • 12
  • 12
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

影像食物戀者的行為演進研究 / Behavior Evolution Studies of Food Shooting Addicts

陳思琳, Chen, Szu Lin Unknown Date (has links)
順應智慧型手機及隨身智慧裝置的普及,人人天天滑手機、對美食拍照、分享社群網站,成為儀式般的全民運動,亦是時下最夯的社會景象。本研究主要描繪影像食物戀者,透過拍攝美食上傳分享的行為,在社群媒介下演進的樣貌。 本研究將依據Meyrowitz媒介情境論及布迪厄資本理論,並透過文本分析法,直接以研究對象過去的美食分享文作分析內容,再以深度訪談法結果為依據,並與文本分析的社群內容作比對,瞭解影像食物戀者的行為演進現象觀察。最後以民族誌參與觀察法,實際驗證研究對象在餐廳用餐時的行為動作記錄,並與深度訪談結果作深度觀察交叉分析。 研究發現,影像食物戀者拍照分享的行為可分為兩大階段、六個歷程,包括基礎演進階段的記錄、分享、學習;以及進階階段的炫耀分享、美食意見領袖及形成自媒體。透過社群媒介的展演,影像食物戀者藉由美食圖文故事的包裝,持續依據自身品味資本在社群上傳播,達到提升個人獨特性及品味層次的目的。 關鍵詞:影像食物戀、媒介情境論、自媒體、社群傳播 / Nowadays, corresponding to the widespread of smartphones and mobile devices, the most popular scenes are that people keep on sliding and checking their mobile phones, taking pictures of fine food, and sharing them in social media communities, which has become a viral phenomenon. This research is based on the Medium Theory by Joshua Meyrowitz and Social Capital Theory by Pierre Bourdieu, in order to understand the behavior evolution of “food shooting addicts,” persons who love to take fine food pictures and upload them to social media communities. Its methodologies include content analysis, in-depth interview, and ethnographic participation and observation. The study finds that there are two stages and six phases in the behavior evolution of food shooting addicts. Primary stage includes: record, share and learn. Advanced stage includes: show-off, becoming opinion leaders and “we media” of fine food. Through their presentation in social media, packaged by beautiful fine food pictures and related stories, food shooting addicts build up their taste capital and achieve the goal of raising up their uniqueness and taste. Keywords: Food Shooting Addicts, Medium Theory, We Media, Social Media Communication
32

以動能交易與利差交易分析外匯投資組合績效 / The Performance Analysis of Using Momentum and Carry Trade in Currency Portfolio

歐哲源, Ou, Che Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文主要在外匯市場建立市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易投資組合,探討透過不同情境適當改變投資組合比重配置,是否能夠顯著提升交易策略的報酬表現。 以1999年1月至2015年10月為樣本期間,根據28個國家外匯市場資料建構市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易投資組合等,之後根據三種投資組合報酬情況透過馬可夫情境轉換模型區分成三種情境。按三種情境的各種投資組合超額報酬表現,再利用馬可維茲的平均數-變異數投資組合模型配置各情境下各項交易的比重,再依據計算出的預期情境與相對應比重進行投資。其結果顯示在樣本期間內,本篇論文的交易策略相較於外匯市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易組合有較佳的投資表現。 在樣本外測試部分,採用自2012年中開始的連續情境二資料進行分析。報酬方面,在其他交易型態呈現負報酬較多情況下,就本文交易策略而言,投資者隨時根據其各種交易平均報酬與共變異數進行交易比重配置,適時放空交易策略或投資無風險資產,產生正報酬。但從標準差可以推斷投資者面對未來的不確定,在整個樣本外期間歷時的34個月當中標準差亦無法有效降低,說明了投資者面對下一期總體環境的高不確定性。 / In this thesis, we mainly investigate whether it could improve the performance of currency portfolio by adjusting weights among carry trade, momentum and market return in foreign exchange market under different kinds of regimes. Based on a sample of 28 market currencies, we form three kinds of transactions in our portfolio, including carry trade, momentum, and market return. Under Markov switching model, we divide the sample period into three regimes, and then determine weights among carry trade, momentum and market return by parameters of each re-gime using Markowitz mean-variance analysis. Finally, we invest different weights among three transactions according to each expected regime. We find the result that although the return of the strategy is just a little higher than the carry trade, the risk is much lower compared to other transactions. In our out-of-sample testing, we analyze the performance by using the data of the regime two which begins September, 2012. With the respect to the return, most of other risky transactions have negative return, but we get positive return by adjusting the long position and short position according to the result of the mean-variance anal-ysis. However, we can not effectively reduce risk by using the strategy, and in the meantime it can explain the high uncertainty investors face toward the next period.
33

社會困境中貪心與擔心動機因素之探討

鍾昆原, Zhong, Kun-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討社會困境中貪心與擔心動機之成因與影響。在探討貪心與擔心 動機之成因方面,研究者主要要驗證是貪心與擔心動機的形成是受到不同情境因素影 響,亦即,在某些情境下人們較易產生貪心動機,但是在某些情境下人們較易產生擔 心動機。實驗結果雖然沒有完全支持本研究所提的假設,但是從訊息量知覺只對貪心 動機的影響,而信任感知覺同時對貪心與擔心動機均有影響之結果來看,本研究中的 主要假設:貪心與擔心動機的形成是受到不同情境因素影響,基本上已經獲得驗證。 另外,在探討貪心與擔心動機之影響方面,研究者主要要驗證的是:貪心與擔心動機 對合作行為傾向之影響,除了兩者的相對重要性不同外,更重要的是兩者是聯合影響 合作行為傾向的。在這方面,多元迴歸分析的結果充分支持了研究者所提的假設。
34

中文對話中的主題不連續現象

張俐婷, Chang , Liting Unknown Date (has links)
本論文首先從三個面向討論中文對話中的主題不連續現象。第一、當說話者改變主題的時候,停頓較長、話語的自我修正較多,且很少被打斷。第二、說話者可以直接進入新的主題,或者在談論新主題之前提供一些背景訊息。最常使用來引介新主題的是問句,因為說話者可以藉由提出問題邀請其他人一起討論新話題。第三、說話者在開啟話題時通常會利用各種情境資源,包括周遭的環境、說話者共有的背景知識以及在前文談論過的人、事、時、地、物。目前的語料顯示大多數的新主題都與前文有某種程度的關聯。 研究結果亦指出不同層次的對話主題之差異。當說話者引介最高階的對話主題時,他們傾向使用共有的背景知識,並在主題改變的地方提供背景訊息; 他們的話語有較長的停頓和較多自我修正的情境;。相較之下,在開啟其他階層的對話主題時,說話者較常利用前文出現過的訊息,且不傾向在話題一開始的時候提供背景訊息; 他們的話語也較流暢。然而,不同層次的對話主題也有一些共通點。例如,在各個階層中,說話者普遍使用問句引介新話題,而當他們利用前文的訊息改變話題時,新的主題通常和前一個主題有相同的指示對象。 / The present study aims at investigating topic discontinuity in Chinese daily conversations. This pragmatic phenomenon is discussed from three perspectives. First, since changing topics requires more cognitive effort, the speaker who initiates the change is likely to produce longer pauses and repairing utterances, and is fairly unlikely to be overlapped. Second, the speaker can move to a new topic directly, or orient a new topic in various ways. Questions are the most common backgrounded clauses at the topic-shift boundary because they function to invite other speakers to join the new subject. Third, the speaker most frequently draws on some contextual resource to guide other speakers into conversing about the new topic. The most common way is by recycling the prior text. Speech disfluency, grounding, and contextual resources are also found to distinguish various levels of conversational topics. The highest level of conversational topics are usually grounded in general background knowledge, produced with more disfluency, and tend to begin with background information. The other levels of conversational topics, however, are more likely to arise from prior text, more fluently brought up, and do not use background information more often than foreground information at the topic-initial position. Despite the above-mentioned differences, the various levels of conversational topics are similar in several aspects. For example, backgrounded clauses at the topic-shift boundary are mainly questions; topics grounded in prior text predominantly maintain referential continuity across the topical boundary
35

以情緒詞為基礎之情境資訊連結與觀察 / Contextual Information Connection and Observation Based on Emotion Words

吳建良, Wu, Chien Liang Unknown Date (has links)
近年來情緒逐漸在電腦科學領域中受到重視,有科學家利用人體生物感測方式來判斷情緒,再播放出適合的音樂或影片給使用者。也有用在電子寵物上,利用使用者或電子寵物的情緒來做互動。然而在語言上雖然也有對情緒作研究,大多是以人工方式對字詞做情緒上的分類,或是使用者的情緒狀態對閱讀的影響。另外我們觀察到許多的話語都含有情緒字詞或情緒意圖,而所寫的文字也同樣具有情緒。在生活中,情緒字詞往往在傳達明顯的情緒表達資訊,譬如文章中在敘述一個主角為某件事情,而所用的情緒字詞為高興,也就代表主角的情緒反應是很快樂、愉快,甚至於歡欣。因此在特定的領域或撰寫方式,大多都會透露出當時環境狀況,瞭解到當時的情緒情境資訊(Emotional Contextual Information)。 情緒情境資訊的目的有三個,一為情緒詞與概念的關聯性?二為如何透過概念來喚起(Arousal)人們對某種情境所應表現出的特定情緒?三則是情緒修復(Mood Repair),如何將人們目前所處之負向修復至正向情緒?這樣的研究能夠帶來的不只是瞭解情緒字詞與事物字詞之間的關聯,更能理解是哪些情緒來源(Source of the Emotion)會引發情緒以及相關程度,對於情意計算與相關應用上會有相當大的幫助。 根據本研究目的,我們建立情緒情境共現網路,並將字詞提昇至上層概念,這部份目的在於得知何種字詞概念連結下會以那些近義詞來搭配,並簡化字詞網路的複雜度。接著則是用傳統尋找文章關鍵字方法指標,找出情緒與事物概念間的不同特性之關聯,並且我們提出新的指標來彌補傳統方法的不足。接著我們會透過控制這些指標,藉以從情境中找出哪種情緒來源可以喚起人們對情境的情緒,以及情緒修復。並經由問卷調查結果與統計分析,驗證本研究成果的確能找出與情緒情境較強關連的概念群,並藉由指標控制達到情緒喚起與修復的目的。 / In recent years, emotional in the computer science to be more important, some scientists have used the way of human biological sensor to recognize emotional, and then broadcast music or films for the users. Also useful in the electronic pets, using the emotion of user or electronic pets to do interaction. However, there is also research for emotional in language, but mostly based on classify the word to right emotion category by artificial way or user's emotional state for the impact of reading. In addition, we observed speaking contain emotional word or intent, and also written. In life, emotional words often convey clear emotional expression information. For example, the article described a protagonist is happy for something, and the author use the word "happy", means that he's emotional reaction was very happy, pleasant, and even joy. So, in specific area or writing, most of the time will reveal the state of the environment, to understand the "Emotional Contextual Information". The purposes of the emotional contextual information have three: first, the relative of emotional word and concept. Second, how to arouse the specific emotion for a situation how feeling by people. Third, Emotion repair, how to repair the emotion from negative to positive. This research is not only knowing the relative emotional words and concept, but also understanding what the source of the emotion that will be aroused. There will be a help in Affect Computing and related applications. According to the study, we have established a Emotional Situation of Co-occurrence network, and upper the word to concept. The purpose of this part is to know what the concept connection will link the synonym word in different situation, and also can simplify the complexity of network. Then using traditional indicators to find the keyword of articles, the relate with emotional word and concept. We have proposed new indicator to compensate for the drawback of traditional methods. Through the control of these indicators to find out the source of the emotional which can arouse or repair the emotion in specific situation. Finally, by the result of the questionnaire and statistical analysis. Verification results of our study will certainly identify the concepts with strong link in specific emotional situation, and through the emotional control to achieve the purpose of arousal and repair.
36

慢性失眠者與情境性失眠高危險族群之壓力因應與失眠的關係 / The Relationship of Coping and Insomnia in Chronic Insomniacs and Normal Sleepers Vulnerable to Stress-related Sleep Disturbance

林詩淳, Lin, Shih Chun Unknown Date (has links)
研究目的:失眠為國人常見的健康問題,造成患者夜間睡眠的痛苦,對白天生活品質也有明顯的影響,站在預防失眠慢性化的角度切入,找出情境性失眠高危險群的心理病理特性,應可為防治失眠疾患提供更積極的建議。本研究目的一即是想透過與好眠組的比較,討論壓力因應風格、持續失眠相關病因(對睡眠不適當認知、睡眠相關安全行為、身心激發程度)在失眠高危險族群及慢性失眠者的特性為何。第二個目的則想驗證失眠持續因素對失眠的影響路徑,並探討壓力因應風格在失眠持續模式中的影響性為何。 研究方法:本研究以橫斷式問卷調查法收集資料,蒐集有效問卷情境性失眠高風險群組74份、好眠組75份、與慢性失眠組62份,總共211份有效問卷。統計方法則根據不同研究目的分別採用單因子變異數分析及結構方程模型的路徑分析進行資料處理。 研究結果:慢性失眠者比好眠者與慢性失眠者有更高的睡眠不適當認知、更多睡眠相關安全行為更高的睡前激發程度。慢性失眠者與情境性失眠高危險族群在面對壓力時,也比好眠者使用較多的「社會支持、情緒調節與發洩的調解」、「逃避」、「問題解決、重釋與接受」等因應策略。此外,情境性失眠高危險族群也比好眠者用更多的睡眠相關安全行為來因應疲憊或睡不好的狀況。另外,本研究路徑分析結果發現睡眠不適當認知會透過安全行為及激發程度而影響失眠,且在考驗各個壓力因應風格對失眠持續模式之影響時,發現較一致的結果是逃避因應可能會增加個體使用更多睡眠相關安全行為而惡化失眠 研究討論:研究結果支持過去理論認為睡眠不適當認知、睡眠相關安全行為及睡前激發程度為失眠的持續因子。為預防情境性失眠高危險族群其失眠症狀慢性化,建議重點應放在睡眠的衛生教育,並且不只是教導適當因應失眠的行為,重要的是需包括增強對失眠處理的控制感、建立適當合理的藥物使用概念、矯正對失眠後果的災難化想法。最後,過去少有其他研究討論逃避因應風格與失眠的關係,建議對此有興趣的研究者可對逃避因應風格與失眠的關係做進一步的重覆驗證與探討。 / OBJECTIVE: The goals of the study are to examine (1) the differences of coping, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, sleep related safety behaviors and pre-sleep arousals among chronic insomniacs, normal sleepers vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance and good sleepers (2) the interactions of coping with other etiological factors in the model of persistent insomnia. METHOD: The sample was composed of 211 participants. Participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale, the Sleep-Related Behaviour Questionnaire, the Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep questionnaire, COPE, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory. The participants were categorized into three subgroups, 75 good sleepers, 74 normal sleepers vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance, and 62 chronic insomniacs, according to clinical interview and/or their scores on the FIRST. RESULT: The results showed that chronic insomniacs reported more dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, sleep related safety behaviors and pre-sleep arousals than the other groups. In addition, chronic insomniacs and normal sleepers vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance used more coping styles of “problem solving, positive reinterpretation and acceptance”, “social support, focus on and venting of emotions”, and “avoidance” than good sleepers. Also, normal sleepers vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance reported more safety behaviors to cope insomnia than good sleepers. Furthermore, the path analysis showed that the safety behaviors and arousal play an important mediating role between dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and insomnia in chronic insomniacs. Finally, data showed that avoidance coping could predict the frequency of sleep related safety behaviors. CONCLUSION: The results imply that in order to prevent normal sleepers vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance from becoming chronic insomniacs, sleep hygiene education program should incorporate methods that are designed to reduce maladaptive sleep beliefs and sleep related safety behaviors. The relationship found between avoidance coping and insomnia is also of interest and require replication in future researches.
37

集團企業綜效之管理--子公司間交易情境之探討 / Synergy Management in Business Groups -- The Contexts of Transactions between Subsidiaries

李雨師 Unknown Date (has links)
集團企業是多個子公司的組合,在追求集團整體利益極大化的過程中,可能爲了追求內部資源市場配置,因而犧牲某些子公司的個別利益,或是彼此子公司之間出現交叉補貼的現象。在交叉補貼的動機下,雙方子公司進行交易時,將可能有一方犧牲,而另一方受惠;或是一方受惠較多,一方受惠較少的情形。在此情形下,集團企業爲追求長期利益,應採取何種管理作為以促使子公司間進行交易,是本研究的核心問題。 本研究以集團企業之子公司間交易為主題,嘗試探索影響子公司間交易發生的因素(本研究將影響子公司間交易發生的因素命名為「交易情境」),且以「交易情境」的觀點,進一步探討集團企業中子公司間交易之管理方式。為此,本研究以台灣集團企業作為研究對象,結合集團企業之綜效管理相關理論及文獻,針對實務現象進行分析。 本研究採質性研究方法,以集團企業中子公司間的「交易」為分析單位,進行資料蒐集與個案分析。本研究分二階段進行。第一階段為前導個案研究,依個案分析歸納發現,子公司間交易發生的情境因素包括:「投入可衡量程度」、「投入成本程度」、「市場失靈程度」以及「產出互惠程度」。子公司間交易的管理作為包括:「目標一體化」、「轉撥計價」和「市場機制(市價)」。並且建構子公司間「交易情境」與「管理作為」之配適模式,發展出初步的研究架構、研究發現與研究命題,作為後續個案研究之原樣複現基礎。第二階段為後續個案研究,目的在修正並驗證前一階段建立的研究架構與研究命題,使其內容更為豐富。 本研究整合前導個案與後續個案,歸納出下列研究發現: 一、 公司間交易情境與管理作為之配適模式 集團企業進行子公司間交易管理時,應考量「交易」的本質,也就是交易情境,針對「市場失靈程度」、「投入可衡量程度」、「投入成本程度」以及「產出互惠程度」之不同,選擇較能發揮綜效之管理作為。子公司間交易的管理作為包括「目標一體化」、「轉撥計價」和「市場機制(市價)」,因應不同的交易情境組合,管理作為的搭配組合也有所不同,藉由此配適模式,以追求集團企業之綜效。 二、 「目標一體化」程度之提升,有助於「轉撥計價」、「市場機制(市價)」方式的發揮 集團企業在追求綜效過程中,若需要犧牲某一家子公司,成全另一家子公司利益時,「目標一體化」將扮演重要的角色。透過提升「目標一體化」程度,使「轉撥計價」、「市場機制(市價)」方式更能發揮。換言之,集團企業的綜效是源自於「目標一體化」,「目標一體化」有助於子公司之間交易成本的降低。 三、 「目標一體化」、「轉撥計價」和「市場機制(市價)」的使用有其搭配的強弱程度 「目標一體化」對於「轉撥計價」和「市場機制(市價)」具有調節作用,當子公司間交易依賴「高轉撥計價」時,則使用「目標一體化」的程度較低。當子公司間交易依賴「低轉撥計價」時,則使用「目標一體化」的程度較高。當子公司間交易依賴「市場機制(市價)」時,則使用「目標一體化」的程度較低。 / A business group is composed of several subsidiary companies. To increase group-level profits, the profits of subsidiaries may be scarified and one subsidiary may cross-subsidize others. In cross-subsidization between two subsidiaries, one may benefit more than the other or one may benefit and the other may suffer. Giving this understanding, two-stage study is conducted to observe the phenomena by studying business groups in Taiwan. In the first stage, ten pilot cases are conducted and eight more cases are examined in the second stage. Taking the view of “the contexts of transactions”, this study aims to examine how headquarters manages inter-subsidiaries transactions to create group synergy. As part of the methodology, a qualitative research method is adopted and the unit of analysis is inter-subsidiaries transaction. The research process includes two stages. In the first stage, it is found that the contexts affecting inter-subsidiaries transactions consist of “level of input measurability”, “level of input cost”, “level of market failure” and “level of outcome reciprocity”. The mechanisms for managing inter-subsidiaries transactions include “goal alignment”, “transfer-pricing” and “market mechanism (market price)”. Further, a fitting model between “the context of transactions” and “mechanisms” is proposed as a prior research framework for the second stage. In terms of integrating two-stage case analysis, three main research findings include: 1. A fitting model between “the contexts of transactions” and “mechanisms” Headquarters should take into account the essence of transaction when managing inter-subsidiaries transactions. The essence of transaction means “level of input measurability”, “level of input cost”, “level of market failure” and “level of outcome reciprocity”. In other words, different mechanisms should be adopted in different contexts of transactions to achieve group synergy. 2. The increase of the level of “goal alignment” is conducive to “transfer-pricing” and “market mechanism (market price)” “Goal alignment” plays an important role in a business group, especially when the profits of subsidiaries may be scarified and one subsidiary may cross-subsidize others. The increase of the level of “goal alignment” is conducive to “transfer-pricing” and “market mechanism (market price)”. In other words, synergy in a business group results from “goal alignment”, and “goal alignment” decreases the transaction cost between subsidiaries. 3. The combination of three mechanisms with different level “Goal alignment” has mediating effect for “transfer-pricing” and “market mechanism (market price)”. If headquarters depends on high level of “transfer-pricing”, then the level of “goal alignment” is low. If headquarters depends on low level of “transfer-pricing”, then the level of “goal alignment” is high. If headquarters depends on “market mechanism (market price)”, then the level of “goal alignment” is low.
38

從情境契合觀點探討台灣筆記型電腦代工產業電子尋購的適用性

張乃文 Unknown Date (has links)
採購是供應鏈的核心環節,供應鏈的問題有80%以上都是在採購。在銷貨成本高的產業中,採購對於供應鏈的重要性也相形提升,也因此,良好的採購管理在銷貨成本高的產業中,是非常重要的。過去以製造為重心的筆記型電腦代工產業,現在也逐漸將焦點放在採購上面,然而台灣筆記型電腦代工產業的銷貨成本超過90%,採購的難處在於需要同時兼顧成本以及速度。電子尋購可以降低採購價格、節省時間以及讓全世界的供應商可以從各地來競爭,更可有效為企業節省不必要的採購花費從5%-40%,降低10%-50%的採購成本,減短採購週期50%。電子尋購可同時降低採購成本且減短採購週期,提升採購效率,似乎可有效改善台灣筆記型電腦代工產業的採購管理。因此本研究主要在探討台灣筆記型電腦代工產業是否可以使用電子尋購,增加在採購上的效率且有效降低採購成本。本研究從情境契合觀點來研究電子尋購的採用問題,從情境分析的角度來探討情境─科技契合的的問題,分別自商業情境、採購情境以及供應商情境三個構面,討論台灣筆記型電腦代工產業之情境,是否與合適採用電子尋購之情境相契合,進而影響電子尋購於該產業之適用性。本研究透過個案研究的方式,來了解電子尋購在台灣筆記型電腦代工產業中相關的議題。
39

製鞋業產品與經營模式創新-以Crocs為例 / The research of product and business model innovation in footwear manufacturing industry: an illustration of Crocs

黃君頤 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以製鞋業為例探討產品與經營模式創新,探討問題包含廠商對於製鞋產品概念如何形成、產品與經營模式創新的方法與來源,而經營模式方面,廠商如何透過顧客價值主張的重新定義,重新設計利潤公式,藉由掌握關鍵資源與關鍵流程而達到經營模式創新的目的。 本研究以美國製鞋公司Crocs為代表,Crocs從水上活動的使用情境,從身為「先驅使用者」發掘未被滿足的市場機會,並掌握Croslite專利塑料所有權與應用能力,將材料廣泛與其他傳統材料混和應用於鞋類或其他用途,並且嘗試提供消費者一種生活風格的提案,做為所有產品設計的核心概念,透過市場使用者參與產品創新,而發掘出如Jibbitz等新市場機會,進而強化顧客價值主張。 另一方面Crocs打破傳統製鞋業經營模式,以向異業學習的方式,利用高階經理人來自EMS科技產業的經驗,習得快速回應市場需求的經營精神,從外部輸入經營模式必要的關鍵資源與關鍵流程,改變其供應鏈與銷售方式。而Crocs產品基於生活風格的展現、材料舒適性多元創新與具彈性的經營模式,成功反應在產品廣受市場歡迎、產品毛利高達20%,以及美國NASDAQ上市上櫃等現象,堪稱近年來製鞋業奇葩。 因此透過本研究整理分析後發現: 一、企業可由使用者的「使用情境」,瞭解市場中「先驅使用者」尚未被滿足的需求,並擷取先驅使用者對產品的想法,該想法時常展現在先驅使用者的「生活風格」中。 二、企業在產品概念形成時,若產品的技術與結構成長空間有限,則元件的關鍵資源取得,「模組式創新」將成為企業經營模式與競爭的基礎。 三、「使用者參與」是企業產品創新的重要來源,使用者可提供企業意想不到的功能改進方式與發展空間,讓使用者共同參與產品創新,強化顧客價值主張,並且利用「外部知識輸入」增加關鍵資源、改進關鍵流程。 四、企業應根據其經營目的,重新檢視其價值鏈,必要時應跳脫產業缺乏效率的規則,以改進其經營效率,例如供應鏈系統與銷售方式的改變。 五、企業是否擁有「專屬技術」、「產品知識」與「材料應用能力」是影響產品創新的關鍵。另一方面,企業應提供消費者以「生活風格」為基礎的產品或服務,可藉由「設計單位的背景」來實現,先訴求產品機能性,再進一步做產品外觀設計,才能成為最終品牌經營的基礎。
40

高社交焦慮者對於情緒性刺激的注意力偏誤--驗證「認知內容特定性假設」

陳姱蓁 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要的目的在於採用線索典範作業探討高社交焦慮者是否對於特定的情緒刺激有注意力偏誤的現象。高社交焦慮組有25 人與低社交焦慮組有29 人參與正式實驗,受試者分別被分派至社交焦慮情境中或無社交焦慮情境中,並且在電腦螢幕中的兩個長方形中出現中性、一般正向、一般威脅、社交正向、社交威脅、身體正向及身體威脅詞彙作為線索,當線索消失之後,受試者被要求對於目標物「E」或「F」進行判斷。在這些線索中,有些是有效線索(例如:目標物與線索出現在同一個位置上),有些是無效線索(例如:目標物與線索出現在不同的位置上)。 研究結果顯示當線索是社交正向詞彙時,被分派至社交焦慮情境中的高社交焦慮者相較於低社交焦慮者,在無效線索狀況下對於目標物的反應時間較快,且整體的注意力傾向,被分派至社交焦慮情境中的高社交焦慮者比低社交焦慮者較少將注意力投注在社交正向詞彙上。但並沒有有力的證據支持高社交焦慮者相較於低社交焦慮者,對於與社交焦慮有關詞彙,尤其是社交威脅詞彙具有注意力偏誤。這些研究發現認為高社交焦慮者有可能缺乏正向偏誤的保護機制,所以在社交焦慮情境中,容易選擇性忽略社交正向訊息,因而較缺少正向經驗與正向情感,反而會藉由逃避負面評價的方式,或是隱藏、抑制自己的社交焦慮情緒來維持良好的自我形象。

Page generated in 0.0184 seconds