本研究從情境互動的角度切入，以活動理論為主要參考架構，探討「廣告版面是怎麼被編排出來的」；進一步說，這個問題在探討廣告版面的最後呈現，是那些因素所造成的？ 傳統的版面編排研究，從閱聽人對不同廣告版面特徵的反應，來反推廣告版面應該如何編排。探討的重點，具體而言包含：怎麼呈現版面構成元素，採用哪種版面編排類型，最能提升閱讀率或廣告效果；廣告版面如何被編排出來，並不在其探討之列。本研究則認為，訊息製作者端的研究不應被忽略，探討廣告設計人員編排版面的過程，可以提供廣告版面應該如何編排的另外一種觀看角度。 要研究廣告版面如何編排，傳統的研究方式可能採取資訊處理典範，把人比作電腦，探討廣告設計人員在編排版面過程中運用個人智能解決問題的過程。本研究卻認為在真實情境中探討廣告版面如何編排，不能不考慮版面編排工作與情境互動的特性，因此，以日常生活及工作職場的實務智能研究為師，以活動理論做為參考架構，從「情境」、「互動」的角度來分析廣告版面如何編排。 本研究以「編排NUREACH廣告版面」為個案，說明活動系統各組成要件的內涵時，有些觀察發現有別於過去以活動理論為架構所做的研究，將可促使活動理論更趨完整與成熟。此外，對版面編排研究的貢獻，主要有二：(一) 本研究認為廣告版面是在人與目標、規則、社群、中介工具等情境因素互動之下浮現出來的，適足以補充傳統資訊處理典範的不足；(二) 本研究發現主體在活動系統中的角色較其他環節吃重，但是並非獨力完成版面編排工作，可以幫助釐清版面編排過程中，主體所扮演的角色。

全球主要國家正積極推展「行動電視」服務，手持式行動電視將整合無線電視台、手機、電信以及創意與內容產業，被視為新媒體藍海，電視業者與電信業者都有意搶攻行動電視這塊商機。手機結合電視將成為未來行動多媒體影音平台主流，但基於台灣在發展數位廣播技術與相關接收設備產品的時程，遠落後其他已開發國家及開發中國家，因此未來發展的不確定性仍高。本研究主要以SRI情境分析法，對未來五年內台灣行動電視產業的發展進行分析預測，亦進一步探討世界主要國家其行動電視市場發展成功的關鍵因素以及台灣行動電視產業的主要影響因素。針對上述研究問題，本研究之研究結論如下： 1. 在世界各國其行動電視市場發展成功的關鍵因素方面，包括終端設備的多樣性、政府對產業的整體態度、業者策略聯盟的效應、多元或專屬的內容、彈性的營運模式及市場內需需求量。 2. 在台灣行動電視產業發展主要影響因素方面，主要涵蓋政策、技術標準及市場環境等三大構面。 3. 在我國政府與業者在行動電視產業未來的發展策略方面，主要有四大重點策略包括重視軟體研發能力、成立獎勵投資方案、創造產品差異性以及強化進入障礙屏障。 / The world's major countries are actively promoting the "Mobile TV" service, handheld mobile TV will be integrated wireless television stations, cell phones, telecommunications, and the creativity and content industry, as new media’s BlueOcean, the television industry and the telecommunication operators have the intention to grab this business opportunities. Mobile TV will be a multimedia platform for future mainstream, but based on Taiwan in the development of broadcasting technology and related products, far behind other developed countries and developing countries, therefore the future development of the uncertainty is still high. This research is based on SRI scenario forecasting methodology to predict mobile TV industry development trend in Taiwan in the next coming 5 years period, also further explore the key success factors of major countries mobile TV market, and the main influence factors of Taiwan mobile TV industry. The following is the conclusion of this research. 1. The key success factors of major countries mobile TV market, inclusive of the diversity of terminal equipment, government’s attitude, the effects of strategic alliances, Diversity of content, Flexible business model and Market demand for domestic. 2. The main influence factors of Taiwan mobile TV industry, included policies, technical standards and market environment. 3. The future development strategy at mobile TV industry, inclusive of software development capacity, encourage investment program, create product differentiation and strengthen the barrier of entry barriers.

隨著全球資訊網蓬勃的發展，可以幫助使用者根據關鍵字搜尋相關資訊的搜尋引擎也已變成使用者不可或缺的工具之一。但對於搜尋引擎生手而言，往往不知道該如何地輸入適當的關鍵字，導致搜尋結果不如預期。如果搜尋引擎可以提供自動查詢修正(Automatic Query Refinement)的功能，將可以有效地幫助生手在網路上找尋到其想要的資訊。因此，如何得知使用者的資訊需求，如何自動化地達到查詢修正，則成為重要的課題之一。本研究利用使用者的隱含回饋(Implicit Feedback)來分析使用者的資訊需求，並探勘過去具有相同資訊需求的使用者經驗，以幫助搜尋引擎生手有效地搜尋網頁，以達到自動查詢修正的目的。 本研究中，在長期情境資訊方面，我們從查詢日誌中去辨別出以往使用者所查詢的關鍵字以及點選過的網頁，接著，在短期情境資訊的部份，我們也記錄下目前使用者的查詢關鍵字以及未點選之網頁。 最後，我們在長期情境中濾除掉搜尋引擎生手的查詢過程，同時探勘出與目前使用者有相似資訊需求的以往經驗使用者之查詢過程關鍵字集合，藉以推薦給目前使用者，完成自動查詢修正。 / World Wide Web search engines can help users to search information by their queries, but novice search engines users usually don’t know how to represent their information need. If search engines can offer query refinement automatically, it will help novice search engine users to satisfy their information need effectively. How to find users’ information need, and how to perform query refinement automatically, have become important research issues. In this thesis, we develop the method to help novice search engine users for satisfying their information need effectively by implicit feedback. Implicit feedback in this research is referring to short-term context and long-term context. In this research, first, long-term context is obtained by identifying each user’s queries and extracting conceptual keywords of clickthrough data in each query session from query logs. Then, we also identify current user’s queries and extract conceptual keywords of non-clickthrough data for short-term context identification. Finally, we filter novice sessions from long-term context, and mine frequent itemsets of past experienced users’ search behavior to suggest the most appropriate new query to current user according to their information need.

本研究主要目的在探討社會困境中貪心與擔心動機之成因與影響。在探討貪心與擔心 動機之成因方面，研究者主要要驗證是貪心與擔心動機的形成是受到不同情境因素影 響，亦即，在某些情境下人們較易產生貪心動機，但是在某些情境下人們較易產生擔 心動機。實驗結果雖然沒有完全支持本研究所提的假設，但是從訊息量知覺只對貪心 動機的影響，而信任感知覺同時對貪心與擔心動機均有影響之結果來看，本研究中的 主要假設：貪心與擔心動機的形成是受到不同情境因素影響，基本上已經獲得驗證。 另外，在探討貪心與擔心動機之影響方面，研究者主要要驗證的是：貪心與擔心動機 對合作行為傾向之影響，除了兩者的相對重要性不同外，更重要的是兩者是聯合影響 合作行為傾向的。在這方面，多元迴歸分析的結果充分支持了研究者所提的假設。

論文內容一共五章十五節，合計約五萬餘字。 第一章 分三節，分別為研究動機與目的、研究假設、研究架構與論文結構。 第二章 相關文獻之探討，包括職業理論的淵源與發展，職業發展的意義，職業價值 觀及與職業取向有關之因素。 第三章 研究方法，包括抽樣及施測過程、測量工具及分析方法。 第四章 結果與討論。 第五章 結論與建議。

道德教育自古即為我國施教的首要目的，其地位重要，自不待言。在今日，德育更 冠五育之首，為完成教育目的之一。但事實上，我國學生在這種重視道德教育環境 下，其「道德觀念」如何？其「道德行為」又如何？二者是否能「知行一致」？此 則為本文所欲探索主題之一。 本研究大約四萬餘字，共一冊。分為五章。 第一章為諸論－計分四節敘述研究動機、目的、問題敘述、假設及有關名詞的操作 定義。 第二章為有關文獻探討－主要在於探討性別、道德判斷、情境變項三者與誠實行為 的有關研究。 第三章為研究方法－其中可分五節：（一）受試者（二）研究設計（三）測量工具 （四）實施程序（五）資料處理。 第四章為結果－主要為呈現有關變異數分析之結果。 第五章為討論與建議分別說明之。 #2810797

本研究目的主要在了解資訊(數位)滙流(Information Convergence)下廣播產業發展趨勢、業者各自優勢及因應策略，內涵則以數位廣播為主要研究對象，分別包含「數位音訊廣播」、「網際網路廣播」及「3G數位廣播」等三類。 影響廣播產業發展因素眾多，其中有確定性、可預測性及不確定性三類，本文引用「產業情境模擬(Scenario Analysis)進行廣播產業未來發展趨勢之整體性研究，產業情境模擬認為不確性因素是影響產業發展最重要因素。本文分別從文獻探討，並參考專家之意見，萃取「數位技術發展」、「新廣播終端設備配合程度」、「廣播數位內容產業的興盛與否」及「經營模式的建立」等四項為不確定因素。 經由「產業情境模擬」分析，本文建議： 一、數位技術方面： (一)數位音訊廣播(DAB)部份：「已進入數位廣播之業者」應積極規劃數 位頻道內容及應用，俟政府核發營業執照，才能推動數位廣播的發 展；「待進入數位廣播業之業者」則建議尋求與「已進入數位廣播 之業者」合作，進而能轉型為數位化電台。 (二)3G數位廣播部份：3G接收機在車儎端目前尚未有模組，可視為未來 發展願景，廣播業者應加強節目內容的蒐集及數位頻道規畫，以因應 未來趨勢。 (三)網際網路廣播電台部份：本身亦具電台身分，可進行內容蒐集與利用 豐富的內容，設計加值的經營模式；若頻寬問題解決，未來可把網 際網路當數據傳輸主幹，為各式終端設備製作數位內容或轉型為視訊 電台。 二、終端接收設備方面： (一)終端接收設備整合：必須研發出螢幕大且誼人式介面、操作簡單、輸 入容易，整合與解決廣播新舊系統、網路、藍芽(Bluetooth)、電 腦、3G及數位音訊等問題之終端設備。 (二)雙網手機應用：透過無線區域網路（WLAN）及行動電話（Cellular） 網路，進行先進的應用與服務。 三、市場開發方面： (一)未來廣播業有兩大族群，一為開車族；一為電腦使用族；DAB的引進 可以大幅提昇車用音響的附加價值，廣播業者可與車商密切合作，優 先開發車儎數位廣播。 (二)閱聽眾收播習慣方面：降低收聽價格與提升內容應用及品質。前者如 收費可採其一固定式月租費，不限上線時數。後者如須針對廣播業特 性，設計出閱聽眾所喜歡節目與數據應用。 四、經營模式方面： (一)完整資料庫內容，授權或加值服務。 (二)網站的建立，進行線上交易。 五、數位內容經營方面：增加資訊人員，針對電台因活動或廣播等所產生 內容進行整理與歸類，未來可就內容進行加值服務。 六、產業價值鏈方面：短期內應仍維持目前經營型態，長期言則需清楚電 台定位，或只從事本身最專長部份、或就節目提供、頻道經營、廣播 系統業等分別成立子公司，一方面符合法制要求，一方面依優勢經 營。 七、媒體跨業經營方面：廣播業除擁有既定閱聽眾，最大優勢在於內容的 蒐集，不可忽視網路廣播電台的發展，當頻寬問題後，傳統廣播業可 利用豐富內容進行加值服務，或轉型為視訊電台或Set Top Box 經營 類型。 八、就政府角色扮演： (一)前端接收機標準的制定者 (二)產業發展的推動者 (三)法規制定的完成 / The main purpose of the research is the understanding of broadcasting industry development trend under the Information Convergence, dealers’ respective dominance and their strategies. Digital Broadcast is the main research object, including Digital Audio Broadcast, Internet Broadcast and 3G Digital Broadcast. There are many factors influencing the Broadcasting industry, among which are categories of affirmation, prediction and uncertainty. Scenario Analysis is cited here to investigate the broadcasting industry development trend in the future. Scenario Analysis thinks the uncertainty factor influences the industry development most. With the document discussion and reference of professionals’ opinions, we abstract four parts, “digital technique development,” “coordination level of new broadcast terminal apparatus, “whether digital broadcast content industry prosperous or not,” and “the construction of business model” as uncertainty factors. With the analysis of “Scenario Analysis”, we suggest as followed. 1.Digital Technique Aspect (1)Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) “Dealers who have already entered digital broadcast industry”should actively arrange digital channel content and its application. They cannot promote digital broadcast development until the government issues the business license. “Dealers waiting in the line of the digital broadcast industry ”suggest they cooperate with “the dealers who have already entered digital broadcast industry,” which enables the industry transform into digital station. (2)3G Digital Broadcast 3G receiver so far has no model in car and this is viewed as a perspective of the future development. To keep pace with the future trend, the broadcasting dealers should enforce material collection and the arrangement of digital channel. (3)Internet Broadcast As a station, it can work on the material collection and design the value-added business model by using the abundant material. If the broadband problem is solved, Internet can be used as the main assess of transferring data in the future. It will help all kinds of terminal apparatus produce digital content or transform the Internet broadcast into video broadcast. 2.Terminal Receiving Apparatus (1)Integration of Terminal Receiving Apparatus It is necessary to invent a favorable interface with big, simple operation and input method. Terminal apparatus are also needed to be invented to integrate and solve problems of new as well as old broadcast system, Internet, Bluetooth, computer, 3G, digital audio and some so on. (2)The use of Double-Network Through Wireless Area Network (WLAN) and Cellular Network, the advanced use and service are carried on. 3.The Development of Market (1)Future Development The broadcast industry in the future includes two group, car drivers and computer users. The introduction of DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast) greatly enhances the additional value of automobile used stereo. Broadcast dealers can cooperate with the automobile businessmen and develop car digital broadcast in precedence. (2)Audiences’habits of reception Decrease the listening price while enhance the material use and quality. In the former one, the price required, for example, can be fixed as a monthly payment without limitation of time spent on line. The example of the latter one is the design of readers and audiences’favorable program, based on the broadcast industry characteristic, and data application. 4.Business Model (1)Completion of the materials in database; accreditation or additional service. (2)The construction of website and the trade on line. 5.Digital Content Business Increase the number of information people; arrange and categorize the content produced by stations’activities or broadcast. In the future, additional service is provided according to the content. 6.Industry Value Chain In short term, the current business style should be maintained. In long term, we should confirm the status of station, work on our professional field only, or set up chain companies according to the programs provided, channel management, broadcast system and so on. On one hand we comply with the requirement of regulations; on the other, we manage company according to the domination. 7.Cross- Industry Media Business Aside from having the fixed audiences, the broadcasting dealers have the greatest dominance in collecting material. The development of Internet broadcast cannot be ignored. After the broadband problem is solved, the traditional broadcast dealers can provide additional service by using the abundant data or they can transform the station into video station or Set Top Box. 8. Roles Government Plays (1)The enactor of front end receiver standard (2)Promoter of industry development (3)The completion of regulation

本研究目的在針對國中生在輔導情境的被看重知覺，以及其對輔導效果之關係進行探討。研究樣本採立意取樣，以台灣地區受輔國中生共303名為研究對象，研究方式為問卷調查法。研究結果發現：在輔導老師的背景變項部分，相關系所在輔導情境的被看重知覺量表得分高於非相關系所，大學程度在輔導情境的被看重知覺量表及輔導效果量表上皆高於研究所程度，年資4-6年及7-9年的輔導教師在這兩個量表上皆高於10年以上者。在受輔國中生部分，兩個量表的研究結果都顯示主動個案得分高於被動個案。在輔導情境的被看重知覺研究結果上，情緒問題及人際問題皆高於家庭問題。在輔導效果的研究結果上，情緒問題及行為問題皆高於家庭問題。而輔導情境的被看重知覺的四個因子：「保護、信任與支持」、「適當引導與反映」、「注意與肯定」及「傾聽」對輔導效果有較高的預測力，顯示在輔導情境中，運用此四個策略能有效增進輔導效果。 / The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived mattering of junior high students under counseling situation and the counseling effect. This study used purposive sampling. Subjects were 303 Taiwanese junior high students under counseling situation. The way of this survey was questionnaire research method. The results were: in the part of school counselor, the score of perceived mattering under counseling situation scale was higher in the related-graduated department ones than non-related ones. Undergraduate-degree school counselors got higher score in both perceived mattering under counseling situation scale and counseling effect scale then graduate ones. 4-6 year and 7-9 year working-experience school counselors got higher score in both two scales than over 10 year ones. In the part of junior high students under counseling situation, the results of both two scales showed that active clients got higher score in both two scales then passive ones. In perceived mattering under counseling situation scale, clients of emotional problem and interpersonal problem got higher score then clients of family problem. In counseling effect scale, clients of emotional problem and behavior problem got higher score then clients of family problem. In perceived mattering under counseling situation, there were four factors which could highly expect counseling effect. These four factors were: “protection, trust and support”, “properly guidance and response”, “attention and acknowledge” and “listening”. Using these strategies can enhance counseling effect.

隨著電腦音樂技術的蓬勃發展，合乎情境需求的音樂若被能自動推薦給使用者，將是知識工作者所樂見的。我們提出了一個定義使用者操作情境的情境塑模，定義使用者操作情境，並利用累計專注視窗的轉變，找出使用者的操作情境。同時，我們也提出了音樂推薦塑模，依據使用者的操作情境與聆聽的音樂，分析探勘情境與音樂特徵間的關聯特性，利用探勘出的關聯推薦適合情境的音樂給使用者。在此音樂推薦塑模中，我們採用Content-based Recommendation的作法。我們分析音樂的特徵值，並發展MAML(Multi-attribute Multi-label)的分類演算法以及Probability Measure二種方法來探勘情境屬性與音樂特徵間的關聯特性。根據探勘出的關聯特性，找出適合情境的音樂特徵，再從音樂資料庫中推薦符合音樂特徵的音樂給使用者。本論文的符合使用者操作情境的音樂推薦系統是利用Windows Hook API實作。經實驗證明，本論文方法在符合情境的音樂推薦上，擁有近七成準確率。 / With the development of digital music technology, knowledge workers will be delighted if the music recommendation system is able to automatically recommend music based on the operating context in the desktop. The context model and context identification algorithm are proposed to define the operating context of users and to detect the transition of context based on the changes of focused windows. Two association discovery mechanisms, MMAL (Multi-attribute Multi-label) algorithm and PM (Probability Measure), are proposed to discover the relationships between context features and music features. Based on the discovered rules, the proposed music recommendation mechanism recommends music to the user from the music database according to the operating context of users. The context-based recommendation system is implemented using Windows Hook API. Experimental results show that near 70% accuracy can be achieved.

本文旨在探討情境推論策略對台灣國中生字彙學習及閱讀理解兩方面的成效。本研究結果希望對英文老師在單字及閱讀教學上有很大的啟示作用及幫助。 本實驗的研究對象為台北縣某國中75位國三學生，所有受試者依據其原班級隨機分派為實驗組及控制組，實驗組接受情境推論策略訓練，而控制組則採用傳統教學法。在教學活動前後，實驗組及控制組的所有學生皆施予Paribakht和 Westche設計的字彙知識等級測驗，猜測字義測驗，閱讀理解測驗及英語學習背景問卷，實驗組則於後測時另外接受對此訓練活動的問卷調查。 本研究結果顯示：(一)實驗組在在接受「情境推論策略」訓練後於字彙學習上有顯著差異，亦即「情境推論策略」的教學有效增進學生字彙學習表現。(二)實驗組在接受「情境推論策略」訓練後，在猜測字義的表現上有顯著的進步。(三)在五種情境線索的題目表現，實驗組在「同義線索」和「定義線索」的題目表現上最好，而在「解釋線索」的題目表現上較不理想。至於五種情境線索的運用，實驗組較能正確使用「語調線索」，而較不會正確使用「解釋線索」。(四) 實驗組在接受「情境推論策略」訓練後，於閱讀理解表現上有顯著進步，，亦即「情境推論策略」的教學有效增進學生閱讀理解。(五)從反應問卷中顯示，接受此一策略訓練活動後，大部分的學生對於「情境推論策略」教學傾向於正面的肯定，並期望在未來英語課程中能繼續進行此教學活動。但部分學生對於在閱讀中碰到不認識單字仍有些許不安。 根據上述研究結果，本研究建議國中英語教師可以運用「情境推論策略」教學增進學生字彙學習和猜測字義能力，以及加強他們對於閱讀理解的表現和對英文學習的正面肯定。同時，為了能讓「情境推論策略」在學生字彙學習上發揮最大效益，教師應考慮字彙練習及字彙在文章中重複出現的重要。 / The present study aims to explore the effectiveness of contextual inference strategy (CIS) on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension of junior high school students in Taiwan. Two third- grade junior high school classes were selected as one experimental group and one control group. The research methods involved word-guessing pre- and post-test, vocabulary pre- and post-test, reading comprehension pre- and post-test, and questionnaires. The data analyses were descriptive statistics, Paired Sample T-test, and Independent Sample T-test. Based on the results of this study, major findings are summarized as follows. First, the CIS instruction led to greater gains in learners’ vocabulary knowledge than traditional instruction did. Second, CIS instruction had a significant effect on the experimental group’s word guessing abilities. Third, the participants performed better in the questions of synonym and definition clues while they were not good at questions of explanation clues. As for their use of contextual clues, the correctness rate of mood or tone clue ranks the highest while the explanation clue the lowest. Fourth, the two groups’ scores of the post-reading comprehension tests showed significant difference, indicating participants who were instructed with CIS performed better in the reading comprehension than those who didn’t. Fifth, according to the response questionnaire, most students considered CIS instruction helpful and gave positive responses to this training activity. The aforementioned findings in this study suggested that junior high school teachers could adopt CIS training to enhance students’ vocabulary learning and word-guessing abilities, and to reinforce their reading comprehension and positive attitudes toward English learning. Also, to help students perform better in vocabulary learning, teachers could implement focused instruction, such as redundant presentation and exercises.