創業之目的是突破現狀，追求創新，創業家必須擁有資源才能創新產品與服務，但他們卻因資源受限而有志難伸。新創企業如何以拼湊有限資源來翻轉劣勢，是隨創（bricolage）所提倡的主導做法。可是，拼湊資源是透過怎樣的時機，當今文獻卻討論有限，因此，時機辨識成為是當前亟需探索之重點。本研究選取三個原住民族新創企業個案，分析他們的經營歷程、挑戰與如何透過辨識時機進行資源拼湊。本研究發現，原住民族文化是重要的資源，這些在地資源成為識別機會、突破資源稀缺的服務創新關鍵。在學術意涵上，本研究提出三個議題。第一，辨識時機需要觀察資源轉換脈絡；第二，辨識時機需要設定資源使用情境；第三，辨識時機需找出資源調合方式。在實務啟示上，本研究提出辨識時機的各種可能，並歸納多樣的隨創原則。進行隨創時，若能掌握在地文化便可以找出適當時機，讓有限的資源拼湊出無限的創新。 / The objective of entrepreneurship is to seek breakthrough innovation within status quo. Entrepreneurs must obtain resources in order to innovate new products or services. But their aspirations often are frustrated due to resource constraints. The dominant approach to entrepreneurial bricolage is to advise new ventures to turnaround adversities by making-do with resources. But, when could entrepreneurs identify opportunity for tinkering limited resources? This is an inquiry worth further investigation. This research selects three case studies of indigenous start-ups while analyzes their entrepreneurial process and challenges within; and examines how they recognize opportunities in creative resource tinkering. This study found that indigenous culture is a kind of critical local resource, which may trigger opportunity recognition in order to guide resource making-do and achieve service innovation. Theoretically, this study suggests that (1) opportunity recognition must understand the context that is suitable for the transformation of resource quality; (2) opportunity recognition must pay attention to resource deployment in situ; (3) opportunity recognition should identify methods of resource blending. Practically, this study proposes several possibilities of opportunity recognition and summarizes a variety of bricolage principles. When engaging entrepreneurial bricolage, if we could get a grip with local culture, it increases our chance to identify the right moment and allow limited resources to enact unlimited innovation.

幹細胞在組織器官再造中的價值已成共識，由幹細胞體外培養誘導的細胞、組織和器官，用於移植時可避免免疫排斥。未來，幹細胞將在組織工程領域搶盡頭采，逐步取代傳統的異體移植。因為成體幹細胞在人體內的數目通常不多，骨髓中每1 萬個到1 萬5 千個細胞才有一個造血幹細胞(hematopoietic stem cell)，必須要經過特殊的血球分離系統才能取得足夠量，目前醫界與學界所採用的血球分離儀器主要分為螢光細胞免疫分析儀(FACS)，另外，有鑑於使用者對於可攜式的需求加上半導體技術的成熟，目前還有一項全新的微導流技術被開發，因此對於幹細胞的研究，無論是胚胎幹細胞或是造血幹細胞，一個良好適用的血液分流系統都是必須而且重要的，我們也可以看見，隨著幹細胞的運用日趨廣泛，血液分流系統技術未來成長潛力更加可以預期。 本研究係採用SRI情境分析方式，透過包含學界及實務界的專家群會議，輔以腦力激盪的方法討論出關鍵決定因素與驅動力量，並以二個不確定軸面形成情境主軸，發展擴充成為情境內涵，再就各選定之情境(微導流領先，技術導向，美麗舊時光)內容進行SWOT及策略發展分析，並發展出細胞分流技術之市場及技術共同發展策略： 1. 積極推動幹細胞研究，增加市場需求。 2. 與國際同步建立儀器的確效與驗證模式，減少法規對於儀器的限制。 3. 積極推動產業的國際化，增加產業範疇 4. 積極發展奈米技術，同步提昇微小化技術與染色技術。 5. 流體與驅動技術的持續開發。 6. 光電偵測系統的研發方向。 7. 國家介入釋放舊的半導體製程技術。 關鍵字：SRI情境分析法，細胞分流技術，微導流技術，螢光細胞分析儀，情境預測，SWOT分析。 / Stem cell's value in the tissue engineering is given a new lease of life to has already become the common understanding, train the cell , tissue and organ from stem cell, can prevent the immunity from repelling when being used for transplanting. In the near future, the stem cell will rob the end to adopt in the field of tissue engineering, will replace traditional allograft to transplant progressively. Because body stem cell usually few figure having in human body, every ten thousand have a hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow, must pass the special cell sorting system to make enough quantity. No matter in clinical use or academic research use, fluorescence active cell sorting system is only way to separate stem cells from blood or bone marrow. For adding the maturity of the technology of the semiconductor to with the demand of the type, a brand-new cell sorting technology with micro fluidic system is developed at present, so the research to the stem cell, no matter embryo stem cell or hematopoietic stem cell, one good suitable cell sorting system must and important, we can see with application of stem cell being becoming extensive, cell sorting systematic technology grow up potentiality may it is expected future too. This research adopts SRI scenario analysis, through include academic researchers and expert groups of meeting, commercial end users, it produce the key decisive factor and drive strength to discuss so as to method that mental work agitate to complement, and with form the situation main shaft the 2 uncertain axle, development expands and becomes situation intension, selected situation content analyzed SWOT and tactics development each, erupt simultaneously and exhibit the market that the cell sorting technology and common development tactics of technology. In this research, our conclusions are as follows: 1. Actively prompt nano- technology research. 2. Actively promote stem-cell research. 3. Actively promote the research of cell's mark. 4. Develop monoclonal antibody commercialized channel and research. 5. Develop Micro fluidics and micro pumping system technology. 6. Develop the photo electricity detecting system. Key word: S R I scenario analysis methods, cell sorting system, micro fluidics system, fluorescence active cell sorting system, technology forecasting, scenario forecasting.

現代社會中分工愈細，個人無時無刻不是處於團體之中。因此，個人在團體中的表現 便成為重要的課題。團體績效是個十分複雜的現象，個體在團體中，有時表現較個人 時表現佳；但是，有時，個體在團體中表現不若獨處時的表現（如，steiner,1972） 在許多團體現象中，研究者最感關心的是二種現象：一是社會助長（social facilit ation ），一是社會閑散（social loafing）。社會助長是指當有他人在場時，會使 個體產生激起，助長其強勢行為來，如果個體所從事的是簡單的工作，那麼其強勢反 應為正確的行為，所以，在此現象中，團體績效優於個人績效。而社會閑散是指個體 在團體中工作，團體總績效雖大於個人單獨的績效，卻未達團體之潛在績效，也就是 說，個體出現了混水摸魚的現象，使得團體績效不如每位團體成員單獨表現的總和。 所以，在此現象中，團體績效不如個人績效。同樣在團體中，卻出現了二種不同的表 現，因此，研究者欲探討有那些因素可以區別出二種現象，希望能抑制社會閑散的發 生，轉為社會助長現象。 在本研究中，研究者探討工作情境、作業難度、與參與目標決定方式等三因素是否能 區別出上述二種現象，並將社會閑散轉為社會助長，故為3 （工作情境，包括單獨、 團體╱可以辨認、團體╱不能辨認三組）×2 （作業難度，包括較簡單與較困難二組 ）×2 （參與目標決定方式，包括參與目標設定及分配目標二組）的設計，假設為ぇ 單獨組與團體╱可以辨認組相較，有社會助長現象；但單獨組與團體╱不可以辨認組 相較，有社會閑散現象。え即使在團體╱不可以辨認組的情況下，若受試從事較困難 的工作，與單獨組相較，並不會產生社會閑散，而是產生社會助長。ぉ即使在團體╱ 不可以辨認組的情況下，若受試本身參與目標設定，則與單獨組相較的結果，並不會 產生社會閑散，而是產生社會助長。

一、緒論 1.研究動機：餐飲業係我國一大行業，如業者欲自眾多競爭者中脫穎而出，必須先對 顧客餐飲消費心理和行為有所了解。過去有關此方面之研究欠缺，且消費者餐飲行為 富於變化，故選取「商級餐廳定位問題」加以探討。 2.研究架構：研究個人特癥，情境因素，時間因素和餐廳知覺及偏好間之關係，暨其 它有關餐飲消費行者。 3.有關「定位」理論之介紹和大飯店餐廳特性之說明。 4.研究方法（抽樣方法、分析方法等）。 二、消費頻次，消費額和個人特癥間之關係。 三、各種情境下消費者對餐廳的偏好。 四、消費者對高級餐廳（大飯店內餐廳）之知覺與偏好。 五、其他有關消費者餐飲行為。 六、結論建議和研究限制。

組織設計(organization design) 乃是：「設計一套能適應內外環境的組織，在達成其目標的過程中，不但有其效率(efficiency)也有其效能(effectiveness) 的一門學問。」如何研究、設計此一「理想型」的組織，學者們所提方法甚多，觀點亦不盡相同。本論文綜合各家的說法，所建構之概念模型，假設透過「程序」(Process) 、「行為」(behavior)、「情境」(situation) 等三個「面向」(side)來深討此問題，所得結論或許會比較週全詳密。這是本文所設置三「篇」的緣起。 行政機關組織欲達成其任務，「工作」必須先作合理的劃分，「結構」並應力求全面的整合。這些「分」、「合」的步驟，就是本文第二、第三兩章的由來。又因組織決策乃係集個人決策的連續過程，組織設計的目的即在使此一「過程」臻於理性，故列專章研究，亦即本文之第四章。 從問卷資料發現：現行公務人員的最大「需求」為「生理需求」，─這是一個最低層次的需求，如何使此一「需求層次」升高，並給予適度的滿足，這是組織設計的重大課題，本文第五章即由此而生。 其次，問卷資料顯示：目前公務人員的最大「願望」是：「開明的主管」，其次是「良好的環境」─如何做一位開明的主管，使其「權威」能有效的鞏固；如何改善現有的辦公環境，並儘速地適應變動不居的環境（筆者曾實地觀察四○九個機關環境），這是本文第七、八兩章用力的焦點。 再從測驗資料中發現：七項主管能力的測驗分數，以「意見溝通」的能力最低。溝通網路的締建，溝通技術的講求，為組織設計所不可忽略的問題，本文第六章討論之。 組織效能的提高，貴乎其有高度的「適應能力」，「管理發展」為提高此一「能力」的有力手段。因此，研究組織設計，就不能不討論組織的能力開發，此即本文第九章的旨趣所在。

Acculturation is the process in which individuals modify themselves to a new, dominant culture and how individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and behaviors appropriate to the consumer culture of the dominant culture. This study seeks to determine how the acculturation influence variables mentioned in past studies, the situational variable of companionship during consumption, and the marketing tactics employed by Taiwanese firms influence consumer acculturation of Latin American student visitors in Taiwan, i.e. attitude toward Taiwanese brands, consumption intention, and consumption behavior. Two product categories are studied: food and clothing. Data from Latin American student visitors were collected via web-based English and Spanish questionnaires as well as two in-depth interviews. Regression analysis and cluster analysis results indicate the following main findings: (1) marketing tactics employing English, Spanish, or Latin elements result in less preference consumption of Taiwanese food products and brands; (2) Taiwanese companionship during consumption is positively associated with more preference and consumption of Taiwanese food and clothing brands and products; (3) permanent residence intent and Taiwanese clothing preference and consumption are positively associated; (4) Taiwan media exposure is positively associated with Taiwan clothing consumption; (5) cosmopolitanism is negatively associated with Taiwan clothing consumption; (6) food product consumer acculturation is higher than clothing products in terms of consumption intention and consumption behavior whereas preference of Taiwanese brands in both product categories do not vary; (7) four acculturation patterns that coincide with past studies were identified among the Latin American student visitors in Taiwan, namely integrationists, assimilationists, separatists, and marginalizationists. These findings not only identify Berry’s acculturation patterns among visitors, but they also provide a different insight into consumer acculturation by studying visitors who by nature are different from the commonly studied immigrants: they do not travel in family units, hence the food habits are not as change resistant, and they do not intend to stay in the host culture for long, hence they supply of clothing they bring along with them allows them to refrain from consuming host culture clothing. Findings also contribute to both academia and management by discovering the negatively relationship between marketing tactics employing English and Spanish elements (e.g. English/Spanish communication content, salesperson, and brand names) and visitors’ consumer acculturation.

本篇論文重組並重現一個合作敘事探究的生命經驗。在這集體的生命故事中，研究者與四位女性英語實習教師，透過一個全校性的英語同儕輔導計畫，一同探究學習如何教英語。本研究包含兩個研究重點：（一）探索英語實習教師在教學實習過程中對英語教學的概念覺知與教學發展;（二）檢視機構與社會情境與英語實習教師之教學發展的互動關係。本研究提出三個研究問題核心，協助對於現象的分析與詮釋：（一）英語實習教師在實境教學中教學發展之轉化歷程;（二）驅動英語實習教師之教學發展轉化的支配力類型;（三）英語實習教師對於實境教學之生命經驗的理解與覺知。 本研究發現，英語實習教師的教學發展，呈現前進式的結構模式。教學行動系統中的內、外部矛盾，引發一連串的衝突與失序，直接衝擊英語實習教師的教學發展轉化。在問題解決的轉化過程中，有三種主要的驅動能量，對教學發展轉化形成支配：情境支配力、策略支配力、情意支配力。在故事的尾聲，英語實習教師對於英語教學有新的覺知：對於教學行為及身為英語教師本體的覺知、對於英語學習者的認知、對於英語學習的本質的理解。 本研究回應相關文獻，提出三點新發現。首先，學習如何教的過程，包含持續性的觀察、分析、評量和反思。其次，英語實習教師的教學發展，透過跨層次行動系統的比對與分析，發現並理解可能存在的失序、衝突與解決方案，進而從事教學改變與教學發展轉化。最後，本研究提出，有關教師學習、學習如何教的相關研究，應該採用一種全方位的研究方法、一種廣泛理解的觀點，用以分析詮釋實作教學中既存的知識斷層。 / This collaborative narrative inquiry reconfigures and represents the lived experiences of four female prospective TESOL teachers’ learning to teach through a campus-based tutoring program. The research foci of this inquiry-based study are twofold. Firstly, the research aims at exploring how prospective TESOL teachers learn to teach through practical teaching experiences, as they examine the definition of learning to teach itself and the understanding of the what and how of the learning process evolves. Secondly, the research investigates the role of the social and institutional context in prospective TESOL teachers’ learning to teach, in examining how activity setting shapes the process of learning to teach. Drawing on the research approach of narrative inquiry, prospective TESOL teachers’ stories are told in their own voices while the school’s stories, and the stories about the school are told by the supervisor of the structured program in this research, the researcher, for purpose of providing a context to the prospective TESOL teachers’ stories. Following such respects, research questions are generated with special emphasis on (a) the transformational process of the prospective TESOL teachers’ learning to teach in situ; (b) the driving forces for the transformation to take place; (c) how the prospective TESOL teachers make sense of the lived experiences of learning to teach. The prospective teachers’ collective story appeared to be a progressive mode of development. The transformational process was overwhelmingly influenced by the dissonance and conflicts emerging from the contradictions within and across the collective activity system of teaching, namely primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary contradictions. In order to solve the problems resulting from the contradictions, the prospective teachers undertook changes and transformation in their teaching. Three types of driving force appeared to be significant for the transformation in the process of the prospective teachers’ learning to teach, including contextual force, strategic force, and attitudinal force. During the process of engaging in the socially situated activity of teaching, the prospective teachers formulated new conceptualizations of teaching, inclusive of the understanding of their teaching and of themselves as English teachers, of the students as English learners, and of the nature of English learning. The findings of the research suggest that a campus-based tutoring EFL program could be an alternative form of practicum teaching. Corresponding to previous research into teachers’ learning and learning to teach in second and foreign languages, three notions are provided. Firstly, the process of learning to teach prospective teachers includes continuous observation, analysis, evaluation and reflection on the entirety of the teaching activity embedded within a specific context, rather than shifting their focus from one entity to another entity, such as focusing on themselves at early stage and then shifting their focus to either on students or instructional techniques. Secondly, the process of prospective teachers’ learning to teach includes changes and transformation following iterative analysis and interpretations of cross-level activity systems to determine possible dissonance and solutions with the help of structured resources. Thirdly, research into teachers’ learning should employ a holistic research approach with a comprehensive perspective in analyzing and interpreting existing gaps in teaching practice.

對於台灣的自創品牌廠商來說，當其上市新產品時，除了生產的技術面之外，如何透過行銷活動在國際市場上建立品牌知名度，將產品銷售給顧客也同樣非常重要。本研究主要之目的即在確認影響台灣廠商行銷溝通行為之情境因素，並且探討這些情境因素如何來影響廠商之行銷溝通行為。 　本研究將情境因素分為三大類，包括：（一）產品特性---產品嶄新度（二）品牌特性---品牌權益（三）公司特性---市場導向、行銷能力、國際化程度與自有品牌運用程度；在行銷溝通行為方面，本研究則從以下三個層面來做探討，包括：（一）資源運用層面---溝通努力之相對程度（二）訊息層面---訊息可見度、溝通組合廣度、訊息一致性（三）國際化導向---訊息之當地化程度。 　研究的結果發現，會影響企業行銷溝通之相對努力程度的情境因素有產品嶄新度與自有品牌運用程度。當產品嶄新度愈高，則行銷溝通之相對努力程度也會愈高；當企業之自有品牌運用程度愈高，則行銷溝通之相對努力程度也會愈高。 　影響訊息可見度之情境因素為產品嶄新度、企業之行銷能力與自有品牌運用程度。當產品嶄新度愈高，則訊息可見度愈低；當企業之行銷能力愈高，則訊息之可見度愈高；當企業之自有品牌運用程度愈高，則訊息之可見度愈低。 　會影響溝通組合廣度的情境因素為企業之市場導向程度、國際化程度。當企業之市場導向程度愈高，則溝通組合廣度愈廣；當企業之國際化程度愈高，則溝通組合之廣度愈低。會影響訊息一致性之情境因素有產品嶄新度、品牌權益、市場導向程度與國際化程度。當產品之嶄新度愈高，則訊息之一致性愈低；當品牌權益愈高，則訊息之一致性愈低；當企業之市場導向程度愈高，則訊息之一致性愈低；當企業之國際化程度愈高，則訊息之一致性愈高。 　會影響訊息當地化程度之情境因素有產品嶄新度與行銷能力。當產品之嶄新度愈高，則訊息之當地化程度愈高；當企業之行銷能力愈高，則訊息之當地化程度愈高。

本研究操弄受試的食物剝奪程度以及鋰鹽（LiCl）去價值程序，觀察此兩種實驗操弄對於大白鼠舔舐行為的影響，以探討飢餓驅力調節完結行為的機制。實驗一連續觀察8天大白鼠舔舐15%蔗糖液的表現，結果顯示初期兩天剝奪受試和自由吃食受試的舔舐表現並沒有顯著差異，第三天起剝奪組才顯著高於自由吃食組。實驗二待大白鼠習於食物剝奪狀態下舔舐15%蔗糖液之後，進行僅舔舐空管的消除情境測試。實驗結果顯示將剝奪狀態改為自由吃食，不論有無接受誘因學習都不能降低受試舔舐空管的表現。實驗三則待大白鼠習於食物剝奪狀態下舔舐25%蔗糖液之後，接受空管測試（實驗三A、B、C）與舔水消除情境測試（實驗三B、C）。實驗三結果如同實驗二，將剝奪狀態改為自由吃食，不論有無接受誘因學習都不能降低受試舔舐空管或舔水的表現。實驗四使用柳橙香料配加蔗糖液（20%）進行舔舐訓練，以僅含柳橙香料水進行消除情境測試。實驗結果顯示受試不論是由剝奪狀態轉為自由吃食，或由自由吃食轉為剝奪，都顯示出當驅力高舔舐表現高或驅力低表現低的現象。實驗五進行鋰鹽去價值實驗，大白鼠先擁有舔飲柳橙香料糖精液（實驗五A）或草莓香料食鹽水（實驗五B）的經驗後，再進行鋰鹽去價值程序。實驗結果顯示大白鼠唯有舔舐香料糖精液或香料食鹽水後接受鋰鹽注射才能降低其舔舐香料水的表現；糖精－鋰鹽配對、糖精－鋰鹽配對後再舔飲一次糖精液，以及香料水－鋰鹽配對都無法降低受試舔飲香料水的表現。糖精或食鹽水只要和鋰鹽配對過，便能產生味覺嫌惡。本研究結論如下：（1）飢餓驅力調節舔舐行為的能力只顯現在舔飲蔗糖液以及舔舐柳橙香料水的消除情境測試中；（2）香料與糖精或香料與食鹽必須同時呈現與鋰鹽配對才能降低香料引發舔舐行為的能力。 / The effects of food deprivation and lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced devaluation on licking behavior were studied for the regulatory mechanism of hunger drive on licking behavior. The first experiment for measuring the licking of 15% sucrose solution for 8 days and found that deprived subjects did not lick more than non-deprived ones until the third day. In the second experiment, the rats trained to lick 15% sucrose in a food-deprivation state were shifted to a non-deprivation state and tested under extinction procedure by using the empty tube. This shift in deprivation did not suppress licking in empty tube test for subjects with or without incentive learning experiences. In the third experiment, the rats trained to lick 25% sucrose in a food-deprivation state were shifted to a non-deprivation state and tested in empty tube (Exp. 3A, B, C) or water-licking test (Exp. 3B, C) conditions. Independent of incentive learning, the shift in deprivation did not suppress licking in these two kinds of extinction conditions although the concentration of sucrose was increased. In the fourth experiment, rats were trained to lick 20% sucrose mixed with orange flavor and tested in orange flavor water-licking test condition. Deprived rats licked more than non-deprived ones in the test condition whether they were trained under deprivation or non-deprivation. In the fifth experiment, rats were trained to lick orange flavor saccharin solution (Exp. 5A) or strawberry flavor sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (Exp. 5B) and then tested by the LiCl devaluation procedure. Flavored saccharin or flavored NaCl paired with LiCl suppressed rats to lick flavored water. But none of saccharin paired with LiCl, incentive learning after saccharin devaluation, and flavored water paired with LiCl had any significant effect. Saccharin or NaCl paired with LiCl could induce taste aversion. In conclusion, hunger drive modulating licking behavior was only found in licking sucrose or the flavored water-licking test condition. Further, only flavored saccharin or flavored NaCl solutions paired with LiCl could suppress licking flavored water.

本研究的目的在了解目前青少年學生從事哪些休閒活動，以及從事休閒活動中產生哪些問題，而這些問題如何導致青少年犯罪？ 本研究係採用研究者自編的六個量表為研究工具.分別是休閒活動量表，交友狀況量表，青少年文化量表，情境機會量表，親子關係量表，犯罪行為量表。本研究的抽樣方法係依臺北都會區 地區 行政區 學校大小 年級等標準進行多階段群集抽樣方法。共選定十二個學校，計回有效樣本數ll40個． 研究結果如下: 一 青少年從事的休閒活動以視聽欣賞活動為最多，其次依序是球類技能，閒意，興趣，娛樂夜遊活動． (一) 青少年從事休閒活動的類型會因性別、年級、居住地區、課餘時間的工作、金錢、家庭等因素而有差異。 (二) 青少年從事娛樂夜遊活動和犯罪行為有相關。 二 根據研究結果，從事休閒活動和犯罪行為並沒有直接的開係，而是透遇一些從事休閒活動中的相關變數，對犯罪行為的發生，才有貢獻。 1.青少年從事不同類型的休閒活動，結交偏差朋友數愈多，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈大。 2.青少年從事不同類型的休閒活動，同儕結合度愈高，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈大。 3.青少年從事不同類型的休閒活動，青少年文化傾向愈高，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈高。 4.青少年從事不同類型的休閒活動，情境機會的促動程度愈高，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈高。 5.青少年從事不同類型的休閒活動，親子關係的品質愈佳，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈低。 本研究發現「偏差朋友數」、「同儕結合度」、「情境機會促動」和犯罪行為的發生有關，亦即偏差朋友數愈多、同儕結合程度愈高、情境機會促動程度愈高，犯罪行為發生的可能性愈高。惟「親子關係」和犯罪行為呈負相關，即親子關係愈好，其犯罪行為發生的可能性愈低。 本研究有幾項建設: 一、對於青少年學生本身從事休閒活動的建議：慎選休閒活動性質 二、對於青少年家長的建議：加強親子關係 三、對於青少年福利政策的建教：給予更多的休閒活動空間 四、對於提供青少年休閒福利者的建教：政府也可給一些補助及福利。 五、對於教育單位協助安排青少年休閒活動的建議：兼具活動安排及指導陪伴的角色。 六、對未來研究的建議：進一步研究青少年從事休閒活動發生犯罪的媒介。