隨著智慧型手機普及，大量行動應用程式(Apps)近年如雨後春筍般的出現，然而在大量且功能間相似的App中，如何脫穎而出實為值得探討之議題。 本研究依據先進者優勢作為理論基礎，並延伸探討產品特性及行銷策略對先進者優勢維持之影響，透過檔案分析法針對目前市面上數個成功的App進行個案研究，並同時對功能相仿的App進行交叉個案分析，期望歸納出能領導各種類App成功的方法。 本研究蒐集自期刊論文、相關書籍、報章雜誌及網路文獻之資料，經個案分析之研究結果如下： 1. 市場的先佔及高轉換成本為App先進者主要優勢來源；而較低的成本、市場不穩定性及先進者可能失誤，則為App後進者主要優勢。 2. 較佳的產品功能與產品創新能力，或較能提供更多附加價值之App，對App先進者優勢的維持有正向之影響。 3. 不同種類的App在先進者優勢之維持上略有差異，簡要歸納如下 (1) 遊戲類：受先進者優勢、產品優勢及行銷策略影響甚鉅，快速先占市場，並擁有良好產品功能及完整行銷策略較易帶來成功。 (2) 工具類：透過較佳的產品功能、產品品質與產品創新來維持先進者優勢，才能保持長期競爭力。 (3) 娛樂類：先進者優勢與產品優勢同等重要，快速先占市場將有助於發展與競爭力維持。 (4) 社交類：深受網路外部性之影響，故快速先佔市場並持續滿足使用者需求，才能避免被後進者淘汰。 / As more people use smart phones, the number of mobile applications (Apps) is increasing rapidly. However, with so many similar Apps, how Apps can stand out from competing products is an important issue. This study adopts theories related to First-Mover Advantages, Product Advantages and Marketing strategies to develop a general framework for analyzing factors that affect the success of first movers. We chose several well-known apps and used document analysis to analyze the secondary data collected from the Internet, newspapers, magazines, books, etc. Our major findings are as following: 1. Market preemption and high user switching costs are the main source of advantages for first-movers. Lower development costs, risks and the chance to avoid failure are the main source of advantages for the follower to succeed. 2. Better product functions and innovative features have positive effects on keeping First-Mover Advantages. Meeting customer needs and providing more added values also help maintain the advantage. 3. Different factors exist for different types of apps. Product advantages and marketing strategies are keys for Games Apps; app functionality, product quality and innovative features are important for productivity tools; first-mover and product advantages are important for entertainment apps; while network externality is the most critical one for social networking apps.

新科技的變遷總是為傳播產業帶來新的變革，智慧型手機掀起全球通訊產業的熱潮，造就了行動應用程式新經濟，進而帶動行動應用程式廣告的發展。有鑑於過去研究缺乏以解構計畫行為理論的角度，來探討近年才趨於熱門的行動意用程式，更缺少應用在某特定行動應用程式類型之行為意圖。本研究將以Taylor & Todd（1995)解構計畫行為理論，聚焦於社群媒體廣告研究，並以在社交類型App的龍頭Facebook為研究對象，試圖釐清Facebook行動用程式廣告之行為意圖。 本研究採線上問卷調查法，以非隨機抽樣中的立意抽樣（purposive sample）為蒐集資料的方法，以結構方程模式（Structural Equation Modeling, SEM）為資料的統計分析方法。問卷發放於Facebook以及台大批踢踢實業坊（ptt.cc）符合研究主題的討論區進行資料蒐集，問卷連結日期自二0一五年一月一日至一月十六日，為期十六天，有效問卷共計五百一十一份。研究結果發現：(1) Facebook App的知覺有用性、相容性和知覺娛樂性，與廣告整體態度無顯著關係。(2)廣告內容的「娛樂性」與「個人化」有助於廣告態度的影響；「資訊性」與廣告態度無顯著影響，「煩躁性」與廣告態度則呈現負相關。(3)人際影響、自我效能和廣告態度，與行為意圖皆呈現正相關。 本研究證實，對於使用者來說，相較於電腦版使用經驗與習慣，Facebook App仍有改善空間。此外，Facebook App的廣告內容是否具有完整的廣告資訊已不再首要因素，重要的是，該廣告是否具有娛樂性質和符合個人需求，在不讓使用者感到困擾的情況前提之下，吸引使用者的注意、滿足使用者的需求。同時，本研究證實人際影響、自我效能和廣告態度對行為意圖的正向影響性。 / Technology advancement has brought many new changes to the mass media communication industry. Smartphones revolutionized the communication industry by creating the mobile app economy, which lead to the development of mobile app advertisement. Past studies have not taken the decomposed theory of planned behavior into consideration when examining mobile applications that have gained popularity in recent years, let along behavioral intentions, which apply to certain types of mobile applications. Keeping that in mind, this study will focus on advertising within the current social networking industry leader, Facebook, using the above theory by Taylor & Todd (1995), in order to determine the behavioral intention behind Facebook’s mobile application advertisement. Data used in this study was collected through online questionnaires using the purposive sampling method, and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The questionnaires were distributed on Facebook and sections within ptt.cc that fit the research purpose of this study. Online questionnaire was open from January 1st to January 16th of 2015, spanning a total of 16 days. A total of 511 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of this studies revealed that (1) the perceived usefulness, compatibility, and enjoyment of Facebook app are not related to attitude towards advertisement within the app. (2) Entertainment value and personalization of the content of the advertisement positively affects attitude toward advertisement. Informativeness has no significant impact, while irritation negatively affects attitude towards advertisement. (3) Social influence, self-efficacy and attitude towards advertisement all show positive relation with behavioral intention. This research has proven that when examining user experience, Facebook app still has room for improvement in comparison with the computer version of Facebook. Also, whether Facebook app advertisement contains complete information is no longer the most important factor. Entertainment value and personalization, whether the advertisement can satisfy the above needs without troubling users, are now the most important points of consideration. Finally, this study has proven the positive effect social influence, self-efficacy and attitude towards advertisement have on behavioral intention.

全球每日產出的資料量持續成長，龐大的資料量、雜亂的資料檔案格式造成資料處理的困難；此外，全球智慧型手機的出貨量持續上升，未來將會至少人手一台行動裝置，同時行動網路的效能提升將可負荷更多的資料流量，行動工作者的數量也因此逐年增加。對商業智慧系統而言，透過企業資料的分析可以發現資訊之間的關連與隱藏其中的事實，讓使用者掌握更多的知識用於決策，分析的資料來源越豐富，其可提供做為決策用的訊息就更為準確。 　　過往商業智慧透過關聯式資料庫處理資料來源及電子郵件的通知使用者，但是龐大的巨量資料遠超過前者所能有效處理的數量，進而造成對資料擷取、保存、使用、分享以及分析時的處理難度；後者對於外出的使用者來說，電子郵件僅只是收到通知而已，使用者依然得需要電腦才能觀看分析報表。 　　故本研究使用雲端運算分散儲存及運算的技術及行動裝置隨手可得的特性解決前述的兩個問題，先透過雲端資料庫加速處理巨量資料的存取並製作成資料倉儲供商業智慧使用，接著透過行動應用程式即時接收推播訊息並呈現分析報表於行動裝置上。 　　在實作中，利用非結構化資料庫進行資料的存取，比起過往的關聯式資料庫確實可以有效提升巨量資料處理的速度；透過行動裝置的報表呈現，在平板電腦有較佳的成效，在手機上則是因為螢幕大小的關係，畫面呈現效果較差，這方面則有待改善。 　　本研究透過非結構化資料庫及行動應用程式設計新的行動商業智慧解決方案，實作雛型系統，並且透過異常申報健保費用醫院為案例，進行系統整體的測試，證明其架構及運作模式之可行性。經過驗證，本系統將能提供使用者使用巨量資料做為分析數據，並且透過行動應用程式立即取得分析報表。 / The volume of daily output data continues to grow world- widely. The huge amount of data and the disorder of data format cause the difficulty of data processing. Additionally, the number of smartphone sales is continuously growing, so everyone will own at least one smartphone in the future. In the meantime, the effectiveness of mobile internet and wireless is largely improved, so it can be loaded with more data flow. Because of this phenomenon, the number of mobile workers will be increasing per year. For business intelligence systems, through the analysis of enterprise's data we can find the relevance and facts hidden in information, allowing users to acquire more knowledge for decision-making. The more data sources we analyze, the more accurate information can be used to make decision. 　　In the past, business intelligence processes data sources through relational database and uses e-mail to notify users. However, the huge amount of data exceeds the number that can be effectively processed by relational database. On account of this, it becomes difficult regarding data acquisition, storage, application, sharing, and analysis. As far as the users are concerned, they only receive notifications by emails, so they still need a computer to view the analysis report. 　　In this study, I use cloud computing technology and mobile devices to solve the two aforementioned issues. First, we speed up the process of big data in data acquisition through Hadoop Hbase, and made it into data warehouse for Business Intelligence use. Secondly, we use mobile applications to receive push messages instantly and present analysis reports. 　　In the practical work, I use NoSQL database to acquire and store data. Compared with relational database, we can indeed effectively enhance the speed of big data processing. In reports’ presentation on mobile devices, the Tablet has better user experience then the phone. The phone is displayed comparatively poorly because of its small screen. This part needs to be improved. 　　In this research, I conceive a new solution of mobile business intelligence through NoSQL database and mobile applications, and implement this method into a prototype system. Moreover, through an example of the analysis of hospitals which have anomalous health-insurance reporting expenses we can test the whole system. It proves that this system’s structure and the mode of operation are feasible. The system will be able to provide big data as the source of analysis and present reports immediately through mobile devices to users.

設備供應商在顯示器產業的市場競爭與策略: 以應用材料為例 / Flat panel display (FPD) is one of the most booming industries in the past decade. It shows everywhere in our life, such as TV, smartphone, laptop, car display, and public display. In the FPD plants, the manufacturing equipment is the critical portion to determine the performance of the production lines. Equipment suppliers combine advanced technologies into mass production tools, and eventually boost the innovation of information technology. In this thesis we will discuss about the market of display industry and the equipment market, followed by analysis of the strategy of equipment suppliers. We will use Applied Materials as the case, to see what their strategy to keep the leading position in the competitive market for over 20 years.

本研究利用字串分析之方式對行動應用程式之執行檔進行靜態分析，進以偵測行動應用程式之行為。 本研究計算行動應用程式所呼叫特定系統函式之序列，進一步比對特定可疑行為模式並判定行動應用程式是否包含其可疑行為，由於進行此研究需要考慮行動應用程式執行檔中每一個系統函式的呼叫，因此增加了大量的計算複雜度，故需要大量的運算資源來進行，為了提高運算的效率，本研究採用了Hadoop 作為分散式運算的平台來達成可延展的分析系統，進以達成分析大量行動應用程式的目的，透過建立特定的行為模式庫，本研究已分析了上千個現實使用的行動應用程式，並提供其含有潛在可疑行為的分析報告。 / This work presents a syntax analysis on the executable files of iOS apps to characterize and detect suspicious behaviors performed by the apps. The main idea is counting the appearances of call sequences in the apps which are resolved via reassembling the executable binaries. Since counting the call sequences of the app needs to consider different combinations of every function calls in the app, which significantly increases the complexity of the computing, it takes abundant computing power to bring out our analysis on massive apps on the market, to improve the performance and the effectiveness of our analysis, this work adopted a distributed computing algorithm via Hadoop framework achieving a scalable static syntax analysis which is able to process huge amount of modern apps. We learn the malicious behaviors pattern through comparing the pairs of normal and abnormal app which are identical except on certain behaviors we inserted. By matching the patterns with the call sequences we collected from the public apps, we characterized the behaviors of apps and report the suspicious behaviors carried potential security threats in the apps.

近年來網路應用蓬勃的發展，經由網頁應用程式提供服務或從事商業行為已經成為趨勢，因此網頁應用程式自然而然成為網路攻擊者的目標，攻擊手法也隨著時間不斷的翻新。已經有許多的方法被提出用來防範這些攻擊，增加網頁應用程式的安全性，如防火牆的機制以及加密連線，但是這些方法所帶來的效果有限，最根本的方法應為回歸原始的網頁應用程式設計，確實的找出應用程式本身的弱點，才能杜絕不斷變化的攻擊手法。以程式分析的技術來發現這些弱點是常見的方法之一，程式分析又分為靜態分析和動態分析，兩種分析技術都能有效的找出這些弱點。我們整理了近幾年的網頁應用程式分析技術，多採用靜態分析，然而比較後發現靜態分析的技術對於Java的網頁應用程式的分析，無法達到精確的分析結果，原因在於Java語言所具有的特性，如：變數的多型、反射機制的應用等。靜態分析在處理這些問題具有先天上的缺陷，由於並沒有實際的去執行程式，所以無法獲得這些執行時期才有的資訊。 本研究的重點將放在動態的程式分析技術上，也就是於程式執行期間所進行的分析，來解決分析Java網頁應用程式的上述問題。為了在程式執行期間得到可利用的分析資訊，我們運用了AspectJ的插碼技術。我們的工具會先將負責收集資訊的模組插入應用程式的源碼，並以單元測試的方式執行程式，於程式執行的過程中將分析資訊傳遞給分析模組，利用Java 語言的特性進行汙染資料的追蹤 。另外，我們考慮到以動態分析的方式偵測弱點會因為執行的路徑，導致一些潛在的弱點無法被發現，所以我們利用了線上分析的概念，設計出了線上的污染資料流分析模組，我們的工具結合了上述兩個分析模組所產生的分析結果，提供開網頁應用程式弱點資訊。 / In recent years, development of web application is flourishing and the increasing population of using internet, providing customer service and making business through network has been a prevalent trend. Consequently, the web applications have become the targets of the web hackers. With the progress of information technology, the technique of web attack becomes timeless and widespread. Some approaches have been taken to prevent from web attacks, such as firewall and encrypted connection. But these approaches have a limited effect against these attack techniques. The basic method should be taken is to eliminate the vulnerabilities inside the web application. Program analysis is common technique for detecting these vulnerabilities. There are two major program analysis approaches: static analysis and dynamic analysis. Both these approaches can detect vulnerabilities effectively. We reviewed several program analysis tools. Most of them are static analysis tool. However, we noticed that it is insufficient to analysis Java program in a static way due to the characteristic of Java language, e.g., polymorphism, reflection and more. Static has its congenital defects in examining these features, because static analysis happens when the program is not executing and lacks of runtime information. In this thesis, we focus on dynamic analysis of programs, where the analysis occurs when the program is executing, to solve the problems mentioned above in Java web application. In order to retrieving the runtime analysis information, we utilize the instrumentation mechanism provided by AspectJ. We instrument designed module in to the program and gather the needed information and execute the program in a unit testing approach. Our dynamic analysis module retrieves the information from instrumented executing program and utilizes the characteristic of Java to perform the tainted data tracking. We considered the dynamic tracking mechanism will leave some vulnerabilities undiscovered when the program is not completely executed. Hence we adopt the online analysis concept and design an online analysis module to find out the potential vulnerabilities which cannot be detected by dynamically tracking the tainted data. Our analysis tool finally integrates these two analysis results and provides the most soundness analysis result for developers.

我國壽險產業在產品、獲利、通路、法令及未來發展方向等各方面的改變，造成各壽險公司必須在經營策略上有所改變。而基於資訊系統對企業影響演進的歷程與策略協同模式的觀點，當代企業，資訊技術已扮演著舉足輕重的角色，從降低成本與提升效率到企業再造與典範移轉。雖然資訊系統是協助組織面對環境改變與企業經營的基礎，也是在知識經濟下以知識為基礎的新產品與服務的基石，但是若企業的策略無法與IT的策略緊密的結合，資訊技術就無法發揮其應有的功效。 老舊系統在面對包括驟變的產業模式、驟變的商業模式、新興的資訊技術與新的資訊技術架構等多面向的衝擊，實在無法協助企業，達到敏捷性企業的境界，因此必需要考慮資訊系統的轉換。然而，老舊系統的轉換卻又是費時、耗錢且冗長的工作，同時，很多企業的系統轉換，並不是一次完成，而是靠一連串的系統改善或再造專案來完成，就更容易造成前後不一致的狀況，而無法達成預期的目標，因此，在進行資訊系統轉換之時，必須要擬定老舊系統轉換策略，才能夠整合各自獨立的專案，朝向一致的目標邁進。 / Life insurance industry of our country is in the changes of various fields such as products, profits, distribution channels, regulations and future thrusts. Lots of insurance companies have to change their strategy. As we knew information technology has been playing very important roles, for example, IT can provide critical revenue opportunities and cost savings during tough times and IT has become both an enabling element and driving force within this rapidly shifting industry, but base on the theory of business IT alignment, if IT strategy could not align with business strategy then it could not work as efficiency as we expected. The need for agility is commonplace across every industry. Could the legacy systems support this kind of change? Unfortunately, most legacy systems prevent businesses from being more adaptable to change. The only way is transforming legacy architectures into reliable, adaptable assets that contribute to ability of an enterprise to respond to continuous, fast-paces change. But transforming the legacy system is time-consuming, expensive and tediously long work, we have to set up legacy systems transformation strategy to ensue successful.

本論文旨在探討以產品資料標準格式及資訊技術與工具，發展資訊整合模式，其目標是連結電腦輔助設計與電腦輔助製造功能，並結合產品資料管理共用資料庫及型態管理作業，達到同步管理，以實現同步工程作業。資訊整合使自研發、設計、製程規劃、及製造之電腦輔助作業的資料得以連結及共用，形成共通性資訊作業環境，有效提昇產品開發與製造之同步流程管理。為達此一目的，必須以符合國際產品資料表示與交換標準定義整合運作系統所使用的產品共通性資料，以利在電子化環境下，企業體內之上下游廠商可透過此標準定義配合網際網路技術，分享彼此產品資料管理系統中的產品資料，降低資料交換的誤差，並加速產品資料交換的速度。本研究以探討XML及STEP為基礎，首先分析產品生命週期管理之資訊需求，就設計、製程規劃、及製造管理之不同系統，釐清資料管理之資料表達規範，其次以IDEF方法進行產品資料管理之流程分析，並以Zachman資訊系統基礎架構框架各觀點進行資訊需求及架構分析，最後以國防工業體系之中心工廠為例，進行個案實証研究探討資料整合模式與流程分析之可行方法。 研究結果發現，提出三點建議供企業實行資訊整合之參考： 一、 企業流程再造BPR是工作流程、組織結構、資訊技術及工作內容等之合理化與重新設計，使績效大幅改善。 二、 雖有大量投資，但整合後系統的顧客價值不一定增加，例如：業務模式無法吸引更多的客戶時，系統整合後的價值也不一定增加。電腦系統整合的困難度應有企業內充分且全面性溝通的時間。 三、 將所有的資訊應用建置於同一超級資訊平台上作業，很難做到。分散式應用程式讓企業在建置資訊系統時不論在採購上或建置上都更為彈性，企業可依需要不斷的擴充系統，而不需在初期即一次購足。資訊服務網（Web Services）的發展促使企業應用整合EAI技術能滿足此一需求。 本研究係以應用於國防工業體系之中心工廠整合性製造管理資訊系統發展模式為例，國防工業是軍公民營企業合作發展模式，其具有穩定、不易外移、及能帶動相關產業發展之特性，相關產業的資訊整合均面對類似的問題。期能藉由本研究之結果，提供企業進行資訊整合時之參考，使其產品資料能於電子化環境中即時而正確地共用與分享。 / In today’s economy, product lifecycle has been significantly shortened. All manufactures are faced with the challenge of making high quality products within a short product introduction time while reducing costs as low as possible. Product lifecycle management （PLM）is an emerging solution and information integration is a core to address this challenge. Without an efficient methodology to integrate data and processes, PLM would be impossible. This research explores thus the methodology and IT requirement for the integrated product manufacturing information management system, with the following research goals: 1. To investigate the methodology needed by manufacturing companies to implement the integrated product manufacturing information management system to achieve PLM. 2. To investigate the information integration framework for the integrated product manufacturing information management system. Based on analytic method originated from Zachman Framework, this research conducted a case study on a defense industry. The core of this case study is to identify the Framework provides a means for organizing the models of Enterprise Applications Integration (EAI) into useful categories. Model is composed of multiple modeling methods integrated in a way that is sufficient to describe the system. The main models are： (1). Information models for the representation of product data are being developed as an international standard (ISO 10303) informally called STEP. STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) is designed to enable the exchange of product data between heterogeneous computer systems used throughout the product life cycle. (2). A neutral model of engineering and management data, developed based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), can be a standard interchangeable information representation for manufacturing information integration in PLM, and is developed in this research. (3). During several of the BPR steps, the critical process pieces are identified and designed together using IDEF Models. A last, with respect to enterprise information technology integration, this research comes to the conclusions as follows: 1. The primary goal of a BPR effort is to document the current and future business process and to ensure stakeholder buy-in and support. 2. Enterprise information integration is still relatively new, and its best practices are not fully disseminated, which helps to explain why Zachman Framework and analysis tools are important. 3. Since the structure of the data changes too rapidly, integration at the physical source level does not work. Web Services provide a distributed computing technology for revealing the business services of applications on the Internet or intranet using standard XML protocols and formats. It enables EAI to be an ongoing process of creating a flexible, standardized enterprise infrastructure that allows new IT-based applications and business processes to be easily and efficiently deployed.

智慧型手機市場近年來成長迅速，台灣智慧型手機的銷售在2011年的第四季已經超越了功能型手機，成為市場主力。而這波成長帶動了另外一個令人興奮的市場，就是行動應用軟體市集。因為智慧型手機提供良好的軟體開發平台以及軟體拆帳模式，讓一些小型軟體公司以及一些個人軟體開發者願意在上面開發軟體，並且有機會從中獲取利益。 因此，本研究想要了解行動應用軟體是用什麼方式獲利？找出可能的獲利模式，分析影響獲利模式的因素有那些？並且探討各類型應用軟體最常使用的獲利模式為何？ 本研究主要分析手機作業系統平台上官方的軟體市集，收集各類型軟體的前十名，分析其獲利模式。並且歸納出影響獲利模式的因素。根據本研究所得到的結論，行動應用軟體的獲利模式可以分為單次付費下載、軟體內購買、廣告、付費訂閱、平台整合、適地性服務以及行銷等七種模式。而影響這些獲利模式的因素可以分為平台、軟體類型、競爭者的獲利模式、地區以及技術。 最後，期望透過本研究，讓欲進入行動應用軟體的個人開發者或者軟體公司能夠找到合適的獲利方式。

當今智慧型手機成長快速，市場潛力大，影響消費者的智慧型手機購買決策因素成為近年來值得研究的議題。但過去有關智慧型手機購買決策的研究中，大多著重在手機的作業系統或是功能層面，並未將行動應用程式(APP)及人際面的影響因素納入考量。因此，本研究以網路外部性、科技接受模型及理性行為理論為基礎，分別從智慧型手機及行動應用程式的屬性面和人際面來探討，目的為找出影響台灣地區現有智慧型手機使用者對智慧型手機再購意圖的因素，並進一步探索這些因素如何影響使用者的態度及再購意圖。本研究結果發現： 1.智慧型手機屬性面：當使用者認為智慧型手機是越有用的、越具娛樂性的，則使用者對智慧型手機的採用態度越正向；當使用者認為智慧型手機是越容易使用的，並不會直接影響其對智慧型手機的態度。 2.智慧型手機人際面：當使用者認為有越多人使用智慧型手機，則使用者對智慧型手機的購買意圖越正向；而無論使用者認為其家人、伴侶、好友、同學或同事支不支持其使用智慧型手機，都不會影響其對智慧型手機的購買意圖。 3.行動應用程式屬性面：當使用者認為在短時間內行動應用程式的數量成長的越快速，則其對智慧型手機的態度會越正面；而無論使用者認為APP數量、種類的多少、價格是否可被接受以及APP的設計品質完不完善等，都不會直接影響使用者對智慧型手機的態度。 4.行動應用程式人際面：當使用者認為其家人、伴侶、好友、同學或同事越支持其使用行動應用程式時，使用者對智慧型手機的態度會越正向。