置身於全球化的發展趨勢下，產業更迭快速的今日，知識傳播、延續、管理與創新成為重要課題。為了在快速成長的市場上爭取佔有率，或為了創造新的應用、新的市場，必須採取競爭與成長的手段。基於此一創新概念，由於鶯歌陶瓷產業肇因歷史緣由，致使其產業發展早已融入當地居民日常生活，具在地文化傳統特色，形成獨特的陶瓷文化生活氛圍，並已形成全國聚集規模最大的陶瓷產業區位。爰鎖定在「技術創新」層次，並以鶯歌鎮當地陶瓷廠商為實證對象，聚焦廠商對外網絡連結、內部屬性等兩類面向進行探討實證。 透過對合作內容暨廠商內部職能進行社會合作網絡分析，描繪出鶯歌目前陶瓷產業網絡樣貌外，進一步分析鶯歌陶瓷產業合作網絡各行動者間所處之網絡位置關係，並觀察其創新知識來源。繼之以廠商內在驅力之動機進行鶯歌陶瓷廠商外部合作網絡分類並釐析各廠商內部屬性，運用計量模型來進一步實證分析探討其與創新研發投入曁成效間的關聯性。從創新研發角度出發，觀察各行動者所扮演之角色及其彼此間互動連結關係，並就其影響創新投入暨成效關鍵性因素加以分析探討。 本研究經由上述實證分析鶯歌陶瓷產業後，獲致如下四項結論： 一、現階段主要為大台北地區間產業網絡連結型態，雖具關鍵性行動者，惟未能充分藉助廠商間彼此鄰近的地緣關係達臻知識外溢往來交流，以促使廠商將接收之沉默知識轉化為「再投入」來提升創新成效。 二、工廠規模指標均與創新成效具高度反向相關，而研發部門的設立及充分的研發人力均顯著地正向影響創新成效。 三、透過正式契約所建構的合作網絡並非基於高度信任之創新資訊交流，而非正式的社會關係網絡合作亦僅以行銷能見度及拓展通路之合作交流為主，未能進一步有效地將之挹注於創新研發。 四、當地陶瓷產業網絡尚未形塑高度創新氛圍及環境，惟各家陶瓷工廠內部屬性卻顯著地影響其創新成效，對於促進產業創新研發而言，格外著實重要。 / Propagation, continuity, management, and innovation of knowledge become important themes in the era of the globalization and ever-changing industries. Either for taking more market shares from the fast-growing market or for more new application and new niches, approaches to competitiveness and growth are needed. Yingge ceramics awash with local traditions and a unique culture of its own has a long history of development and hence not only is a part of locals’ daily lives but also becomes the chief ceramics cluster in Taiwan. Therefore, this study looks from the view of “technical innovation” into the ceramics dealers in Yingge and discusses their trade networks and internal attributes. After analyzing the details and internal functions of the cooperation network, this study describes this network in Yingge and then looks closer into the role each industrial party plays in this network, in order to know their sources of knowledge for innovation. Next, based on the ceramics dealers’ innovative motives, external cooperation networks are classified and the dealers’ internal attributes are distinguished. Further, this study adopts a computational model to empirically discuss the correlation between efforts on innovation and effectiveness, and tries to understand the role each industrial party plays in this network and how the parties interact with one another, so as to further probe into factors affecting the said correlation. With the empirical study on Yingge ceramics, this study makes four conclusions: 1.For now, Yingge ceramics industry network is a part of grand Taipei where ceramics dealers are main momentum, but they cannot utilize the geographical intimacy to have knowledge spilled over, so that they can absorb received “tacit knowledge” for more effective innovation. 2.The scale of a factory is highly in inverse proportion to the effectiveness of innovation; the establishment of R&D is directly related to research manpower. 3.That an agreement-based cooperation network without high trust is not for innovative information sharing, and an unofficial cooperation network aims only at higher profile and more outlets, cannot lead to effective innovation 4.Although the external ceramics industry shows no innovative atmosphere and environment, internal attributes of each ceramics factory can significantly influence on the effectiveness of innovation and hence are weighty factors to industry innovation.

服務學習是一個將整個社會資源轉變為學生學習場域的教學方法，它 豐富學生學習的對象、及學習內涵的深度與廣度，也使得學生學習成效從 單純的理論知識提升到全人生命的發展。近年來，眾多學者及專家努力地 傳揚服務學習理念，以及無數教師多年默默地堅持為學生的學習與成長， 甘之如飴的付出心力。因此，當看到教育部能夠重視服務學習、了解其對 學生、學校、及社會可能產生的重大影響力、開始推展服務學習理念時， 相信這群大力鼓吹、或默默推行的先鋒者一定感到非常欣慰與振奮。然 而，更大的責任是將此理念推動到全國高中的教師、學生及家長，並期望 能提供具體與實際的作法說明。 本研究之主要目的，係為了解臺北市各高中推動服務學習的現況與成 效、教師專業知能與自我效能，以及不同之背景變項（人口及學校變項） 對於推動服務學習之困境影響因素與因應。 本研究為達上述之研究目的，採取文獻分析法與問卷調查法進行實證 研究。本研究在問卷調查之外，另行輔以訪談、焦點座談、文件分析等方 式，以補充量化問卷所無法得取之資料。基於此目的，本研究在實施問卷 調查研究後，為使研究更深化，透過半結構式訪談方法、以焦點座談的模 式，邀請臺北市推動服務學習卓有成效的績優學校做深度對話，且輔以纸 筆方式提供各校的推動經驗、規劃理念、執行過程的困境與收穫等。老師、 學生及家長均不吝分享，使本研究更具體展現服務學習方案的實施成果。 本研究之主要發現如下： 一、臺北市高中推動服務學習的現況與實施成效尚可。 二、臺北市高中教師或行政人員對服務學習有正確的認知。 三、教師知覺臺北市高中服務學習之服務知能、自我效能、及困境因應的 成效不同。 四、不同性別教師是影響教師推動服務學習的重要因素。 五、不同學校背景並非影響教師推動服務學習的重要因素。 六、經費、時間及資源不足是推動服務學習的困境 七、服務學習績優學校的共同意象: （一）新思維、新願景、新行動。 （二）品味生活、品質生命、創意生涯。 （三）有活力、具魅力、展光華。 依據文獻探討與統計分析結果，提出本研究之建議如下： ‧ 國 立 政 治 大 學 ‧ Na t i o na l Ch en gc h i U n i v e r s i t y 2 一、對中央主管機關的建議 （一）落實執行服務學習的良善政策。 （二）與高中綜合活動課程作適度的結合。 二、對教育行政主管機關的建議 （一）提供經費挹助及資源支援。 （二）建置服務學習資訊網絡與對話平台。 （三）提供專業進修機會，培訓服務學習種子教師。 （四）結合志願服務法，建立服務學習獎勵政策。 （五）規劃完善的服務學習相關課程。 三、對學校單位的建議 （一）增進社區資源增加與社區（機構）的互動。 （二）加強服務學習之推展且需長時間規劃。 （三）深化教師專業能力、培養教師自我效能及學習統整的教學法。 （四）重視學生的生活主體，結合綜合活動課程實施服務學習教學。 （五）激發學生服務學習動機。 （六）爭取家長的認同及參與，強化支持體系。 四、對後續研究的建議 （一）研究方法方面：質量並重。 （二）研究範圍方面：擴大研究區域。 （三）研究對象方面：擴及家長、學生、社區等之服務者、被服務者及參 與者。 （四）研究領域方面：延長研究時間、增加研究項目、發展研究工具。 （五）研究變項方面：進行質化研究、整合研究變項、向度或層面上加強。 / Service learning is a teaching program that provides students a rich platform of learning that is based not only on the campus but on the entire social resources. Students who participate in this program meet more people as their learning models. They also expand the depth and scope in the knowledge and skills learned. Moreover, students’ learning results indicate that they are more able to lift a simple theory and knowledge into a holistic life development aspect. In recent years, scholars and experts have been putting lots of effort on promoting the service learning concept, not mentioning about the striving of supportive teachers who are always looking upon students’ best interest. Seeing that the government now understands the significant impact of this program to students, schools and even to the entire society and starts to promote this program is no doubt a most encouraging event to its pioneer supporters. However, the task doesn’t just end here. It carries out a bigger responsibility to introduce this program to all the teachers, students and parents in high schools nationwide, and provide them with specific and practical instructions. The objective of this research is to find out the problems and difficulties that eventually affect the promotion of service learning. By obtaining the information of current situations and results from high schools in Taipei City that are now enrolling in this program, this research aims to conclude a solution to those problems. Factors observed in this research also include teacher professional knowledge, self efficiency, and background variables (both population and school). In order to accomplish the abovementioned objective, this research, basing on an empirical study, employs documentary analysis technique and questionnaire survey technique. In addition to questionnaire investigation, the research also adopts techniques like interviews, seminars and document analysis to make up the insufficiency of the quantitative questionnaire. Moreover, in order to deepen the research, well‐performed schools of this program in Taipei city were invited to the interviews and seminars to go through a semi‐structured interview for deeper communication and understanding. Schools were encouraged to share their promotion experiences, concept of planning, problems and gains while implementing this program. The main finding of this research is as below: I. The service learning outcome and current situation of high schools in Taipei are acceptable. II. High school teachers and administrative staffs’ recognition to service learning is fairly good in Taipei. III. Teachers aware that the results of service learning respectively in fields of service knowledge, self efficiency and problem solving are different in high schools in Taipei. IV. Teacher’s gender is an important factor that affects the promotion of service learning. V. Differences school background doesn’t serve as an important factor that affect teachers’ promoting service learning. VI. The problem of insufficient self‐efficiency in promoting service learning is generally observed among high school teachers in Taipei. ‧ 國 立 政 治 大 學 ‧ Na t i o na l Ch en gc h i U n i v e r s i t y VII. Common visions about service learning in well performed schools: a. New thinking, new vision, new action b. Experience life, make life well‐qualified and innovated. c. Energetic, attractive and bright. After documentary discussion and statistic analysis to this research, the suggestions are as below: I. Suggestions to the central government authority: a. Improve the policy in promoting and implementing service learning. b. Make appropriate links in between servicing learning to high school integrated activity learning. II. Suggestions to the government education authority: a. Provide budget and resources support b. Build a website and a communication platform for service learning. c. Offer in‐service training, and train seed teachers of service learning. d. Cooperate with the law of volunteer service, and establish a reward policy on service learning. e. Make good plans for service learning relating courses. III. Suggestions to schools: a. Enhance community resources, and increase the interaction with those community institutions. b. Enhance the promotion of service learning on a long‐time plan base. c. Strengthen teachers’ professional ability. Train teachers for the methodology of self‐efficiency and integration of learning. d. Take account of students’ daily life in order to combine service learning with integrated activity courses. e. Motivate students for service learning. f. Obtain parents’ support and enhance the supporting organizations. IV. Suggestions to further studies: a. Research method: equal emphasis both on quality and quantity. b. Research scope: expand research scope. c. Research subject: expand to include parents, students, service providers, service receivers and all participants in the community. d. Research fields: expand research time, increase research items and develop research tools. e. Research variables: conduct qualitative research; enhance and integrate variable research both vertically and horizontally. Key words: service learning, service learning program, service learning outcomes

目前世界各地風起雲湧的創業競賽，不論是大學或民間單位主辦，都有規模逐漸變大，參加隊伍數量增多等趨勢。參賽的隊伍由某區域性大學擴展到該國所有大學，進而全球化。這一波大學生參加創業競賽的風潮，也帶動各知名大學逐漸重視創業研究，在創業課程的數量、種類、重要性也日趨增加。 　　在各國創業競賽風行之時，國內兩大創業競賽也已悄悄地邁入第四屆的比賽了，也算是漸入成熟的階段。本研究嘗試以參賽者主觀評鑑的角度來探討其對於參加創業競賽的學習效果。 　　因此不同的創業競賽模式、團隊背景、參賽動機甚至於團隊運作情形對於知識學習與能力提升的學習成效否有不同的影響？若是不同，又有哪些差異？這便是本研究欲探討的問題。 　　本研究採用結構式問卷輔以個案訪談來收集資料，主要研究對象為第三屆TIC100科技創新競賽與第三屆台灣工業銀行創業大賽之團隊成員。 　　經分析資料，研究發現如下： 　　1. 透過創業競賽的學習，確實可以學習到創業的知識與能力。 　　2. 透過創業課程的要求與輔助參加創業競賽，對於創業知識與能力的學習成效最佳。 　　3. 不同的創業競賽模式其對於知識學習、能力提升與整體學習成效無明顯差異。 　　4. 學習型導向創業競賽整體學習成效較實務型導向創業競賽佳。 　　5. 競賽參與動機對於知識學習、能力提升與整體學習成效有明顯正相關。 　　6. 不同的團隊背景其對於知識學習、能力提升與整體學習成效無明顯差異。 　　7. 團隊運作情形對於知識學習、能力提升與整體學習成效有明顯正相關。 / There are more and more entrepreneurial competitions held by universities or big famous companies years by years. The number of teams participating games grows rapidly and the region of some contest expands from within a college activity to a global one. With this popular activities, it also makes all famous universities and colleges pay much attention to entrepreneurial research and the quantity and variety of entrepreneurial courses have become increasingly important. 　　With foreign entrepreneurial competitions’ popular, the tow entrepreneurial competitions in Taiwan are also get into 4th . This study try to focus on entrepreneurial competitions’ learning effect. 　　Therefore, if there any different learning effect on entrepreneurial knowledge and skill between different competition model, team background, motivation, even if teamwork situation? 　　This study has adopted structural questionnaire and case study to collect data and information. The major study targets are the members of 3rd TIC100 Technology Innovation Competition and 3rd Industrial Bank of Taiwan Cross-Century Entrepreneur Competition. 　　After doing interview and analysis, it gets several conclusions in this investigation: 　　1. It indeed can learn about entrepreneurial knowledge and skill through entrepreneurial competition. 　　2. The learning effect on entrepreneurial knowledge and skill will be better by taking entrepreneurial course and participating in entrepreneurial competition. 　　3. There are not noticeable different on learning effect between different entrepreneurial competition model. 　　4. Learning-orientated entrepreneurial competition’s learning effect is better then practical-orientated entrepreneurial competition. 　　5. There are noticeable correlation between participating motivation and learning effect. 　　6. There are not noticeable different on learning effect between different team background. 　　7. There are noticeable correlation between teamwork situation and learning effect.

良好的人力資源是促進經濟發展的重要因素，進而影響國家整體的發展，因此國家人力資源的發展不可不重視，而職業訓練則是影響人力資源發展的重要關鍵。職業訓練是一項有利的人力投資，並可發揮經濟、社會及教育等方面的功能，因此，政府一直將職業訓練列為提昇勞動力素質、加強人力運用的重要發展策略。 　　職業訓練所投注的成本頗高，而投注了如此多的人力、物力，其成效如何想必是大家都關心的。而要瞭解職業訓練的成效如何及是否達成訓練目標，必須經由訓練評估才能了解。公共職業訓練的成效好壞會影響其後續訓練政策的決定，而學員的反應如何及對於訓練的支持與否可作為舉辦後續訓練的參考，所以本研究藉由Kirkpatrick評估模式的概念，以「新興重點產業及專上青年第二專長人才培訓計畫」為例，進行學員對於訓練的滿意度調查及學員知覺到的訓練成效評估，並探討學員對於訓練的反應、滿意度是否影響學員自我的訓練成效評估。 　　本研究之主要目的為： 　　一、瞭解受訓學員對訓練的滿意度與自我評估訓練成效。 　　二、探討受訓學員對訓練的滿意度與自我評估訓練成效之相關性。 　　三、探討受訓學員個人特質（如性別、年齡、教育程度等）與自我評估訓練成效之相關性。 　　四、根據研究結果，對於訓練計畫提出可改進修正及順應未來發展之建議。 　　本研究以隨機抽樣的方式，針對受訓學員發出990份問卷，回收210份問卷，回收率為21.83%。經由問卷調查及進行統計分析之後，得到以下研究結果： 　　第一、受訓學員對訓練的滿意度很高，而對於訓練成效的自我評估在學習、行為方面很高，但結果方面則較低，顯示受訓學員認為訓練目標達成的成效較低。第二、經由迴歸分析的結果，發現受訓學員對訓練的滿意度愈高，對訓練成效的自我評估也愈高。第三、自我評估訓練成效不因受訓學員的性別、年齡、教育程度之不同而有差異。最後，根據本研究之發現與結論，分別針對公共職業訓練、辦理訓練單位及後續研究提出建議以供未來辦理相關訓練及從事相關研究之參考。

有鑑於數位閱讀已逐漸成為閱讀發展的新趨勢，許多研究著手於發展相關的閱讀系統或設備來輔助學習者進行閱讀學習。此外，如何幫助學生在進行英文閱讀學習時，增加對於文章的理解，已經成為很重要的研究課題。而基於網路學習環境進行數位閱讀學習時，學習者常常需要進行自主學習，因此學習者個人的自律學習能力成為影響數位閱讀學習成效的關鍵因素。本研究旨在探討運用具自律學習機制的閱讀標註系統是否具有提升國中英語閱讀學習成效的效益，研究採用準實驗研究法，以桃園縣某國中七年級二班的學生，分成實驗組與控制組，實驗組與控制組分別以「具自律學習機制的閱讀標註系統學習」及「不具自律學習機制的閱讀標註系統學習」進行英語閱讀學習，經過實驗處理後，接受「閱讀測驗後測」，以比較兩組學生在閱讀學習成效上的差異性，輔之以問卷調查實驗組學生對課程活動的態度看法，並以訪談作質性資料分析。最後，根據研究結果提出具體建議，以提供未來研究與教師在運用具自律學習機制之數位閱讀標註系統融入閱讀教學時之參考。本研究得到的研究結論如下： 一、 實驗組學習者採用具自律學習機制之數位閱讀標註系統，其英語閱讀學習成效顯著優於採用不具自律學習機制之數位閱讀標註系統的控制組學習者。 二、 實驗組學習者採用具自律學習機制之數位閱讀標註系統，其閱讀標註能力顯著優於採用不具自律學習機制之數位閱讀標註系統的控制組學習者。 三、 實驗組學習者中不同自律能力學習者其閱讀學習成效具有顯著差異。 四、 實驗組學習者中不同自律能力學習者其閱讀標註能力具有顯著差異。 五、 實驗組學習者中閱讀學習成效與閱讀標註能力有顯著相關且自律能力與學習成效呈現正相關 關鍵字：自律學習、數位閱讀、閱讀標註、閱讀學習成效 / In the consideration of that digital reading has become a new trend of reading development; many studies were conducted to develop related reading systems or equipments to assist learners on learning of reading. Moreover, how to help students improve comprehension while reading English is an important topic for research. Based on the characteristics of digital reading in the e-learning environment, in which learners often need self-regulated learning, the ability of self-regulated learning has become a key factor that affects the learning effects of reading. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the application of reading annotation system with self-regulated learning could increase the learning effects of English reading for junior high school students. The present study adopted quasi-experimental design method and the subjects were two classes of seventh graders in a junior high school in Taoyuan County. There were divided into experimental group and control group to learn English through reading, and were instructed respectively with “reading annotation system learning with self-regulated learning” and “reading annotation system learning without self-regulated learning.” After the experiment, “reading post-test” was conducted to compare the learning effects of reading for these two groups of students. Students in the experimental group were also surveyed by questionnaires and interviewed for qualitative data analysis. Finally, the researcher made suggestions according to the research results as references for future studies and for teachers who want to apply reading annotation system with self-regulated learning to reading instruction. The results of the present study were as the following: 1. The learning effects of English reading for learners in the experimental group with self-regulated reading annotation system were significantly greater than those who were in the control group without self-regulated reading annotation system. 2. The ability of reading annotation of the learners in the experimental group with self-regulated reading annotation system were significantly greater than those who were in the control group without self-regulated reading annotation system. 3. There were significant differences among the learning effects of reading for learners in the experimental group with different ability of self-regulated learning. 4. There were significant differences among the ability of reading annotation for learners in the experimental group with different ability of self-regulated learning. 5. For the learners in the experimental group, the learning effects of reading were significantly related to the ability of reading annotation; the ability of self-regulated learning was positively correlated with learning effects. Keywords: self-regulated learning, digital reading, reading annotation, learning effects of reading

企業存在的目的與價值在於提供客戶所需的商品或是服務。企業若想永續的經營，就需要能夠持續提供滿足客戶需求的商品與服務。對科技公司來說，能夠有持續推出好的專案，才能持續開發出好的商品。如何能持續推出好的專案，便是各科技公司非常重視的議題。本文想探討的議題是有關專案成功的要素，專案管理以及公司組織文化與組織學習對開發新市場專案成效的影響。 文獻探討中發現，專案管理、組織文化、組織學習雖皆對專案的成效皆習習相關，然而影響的方式與層面有所不同。專案管理主要是探討以何種方式與方法，能夠有效的讓專案進展得更順暢，更為有效的管理，對專案的成效直接的影響。而組織文化與組織學習是屬於企業經營層面的部分，會對專案管理的方法與方式產生影響，並間接影響專案的成效。然而，專案管理方式亦受到組織文化與組織學習的影響。僅有專案管理制度，而未能有適切的組織文化與組織學習能力配合，專案管理制度亦不能發揮其效果。 根據第一章所述之研究動機與第二章之文獻探討，本研究提出研究架：包括組織文化、組織學習、專案管理等三構面。本研究以一家上市科技公司為研究對象，深入探討該公司三個具有不同創新科技的專案，並藉由深度訪談該的高階主管、公司專案經理與參與團隊成員，以收集本研究所需要的資料。 本研究得到的結論包括，一、組織文化對專案組織類型與結構有重大的影響，而專案組織類型與結構專案成效有重大的影響。二、組織學習與知識管理非常重要。好的組織學習能力與知識管理，會讓專案開發流程更為順暢。三、不同專案特性應採用不同且適當的專案組織結構。創新與突破程度越高的專案越需要高度整合的專組織結構。除了專案組織結構外，專案經理對專案具有決定性的影響。

研究者採用質性訪談方法，以高風險家庭處遇方案為場域，邀請執行該方案之督導員及社工員各六位為研究對象，運用宋麗玉與施教裕(2010)所擬定之「社會工作處遇的服務項目和結果指標：概念架構及操作定義」為成效指標之參考，進行個別訪談與資料收集。本研究主要探討高風險家庭處遇服務的社工督導模式，以及在不同督導模式下，社工員在「兒少成長發展」、「成人主要照顧者的改善發展」、「整體家庭功能的增強提昇」、「案家週邊社會支持體系」四大工作成效層面之情形。研究結果發現六種督導模式，分別為：「優勢觀點取向督導模式」、「生態系統取向督導模式」、「焦點解決取向督導模式」、「詮釋學取向督導模式」、「工具性督導模式」，以及「表達性督導模式」。於工作成效上，經社工員處遇後，在「兒少的成長發展層面」上，不論是一般兒少或是特殊兒少，經相關社會資源輸入後，如飲食、衛生、醫療、教育等系統，已使兒少漸漸步入正常的發展階段，發揮兒少自身之潛能，轉變成身、心、靈皆較為圓滿之狀態；在「成人主要照顧者的改善發展層面」上，原先家中之主要照顧者，因自身疾病因素或自我功能不足之情形，經社工的協助與鼓勵，多可獲得進一步的醫療處置以及良好的社會支持系統，發揮既有之社會功能，減緩低落的心理狀態，並以兒少之最佳利益為優先考量，以照顧兒少為其目標，提升本有之照顧功能；在「整體家庭功能的增強提昇層面」上，顯而易見的即是主要照顧者與兒少之間，多可站在雙方之立場，彼此接納與尊重，共同為家庭目標努力，各自扮演好應盡之角色義務，維持家庭之順利運行，使整體家庭功能有所提昇；在「建構案家週邊社會支持體系層面」上，經社工員引入正式與非正式資源後，案家危機狀況多可獲得即時性的改善，使家庭狀態趨於穩定，更重要的是案家在此過程擁有能力，當家庭需求無法滿足時，案家主動找尋社會資源以自我協助，預防家庭危機之再次出現。此外，經不同督導模式下的社工員，其工作成效亦可見其特殊性，如優勢觀點取向督導模式，使社工員在工作成效指標的四大面向，呈現多元的面貌，尤其在「成人主要照顧者的改善發展層面」、「整體家庭功能的增強提昇層面」，以及「建構案家週邊社會支持體系層面」上有突出的表現；生態系統取向督導模式，則在「兒少的成長發展層面」、「整體家庭功能的增強提昇層面」，以及「建構案家週邊社會支持體系層面」上擁有明顯表現；焦點解決取向督導模式，其在「整體家庭功能的增強提昇層面」上多有助益；詮釋學取向督導模式，主要展現於「成人主要照顧者的改善發展層面」。最後，研究者建議在政策規劃上，政府可強化社會工作督導員職能培訓與效能提升，並將該成效指標納入政策內容與高風險家庭個案管理系統；在實務工作上，建議督導員善用社會工作理論於督導過程，並建構出屬於自身的督導模式來模塑社工員的工作表現，以及實際運用該成效指標於處遇工作中。 / The researcher, applying the qualitative interview research in the field of the high-risk family service project, interviewing with six supervisors and six social workers in the project by applying the “complete conceptual framework and operational definition of service classification and outcome indicators” proposed by Song & Shih (2010) to gather data. Our research explored the social work supervision models for the services of high-risk family treatment and social workers’ outcomes in the areas of “child development”, “care takers’ improvement”, “family function empowerment” and “informal social support network”.According to our findings, six supervision models, “strengths perspective-approached supervision model”, “ecological systems-approached supervision model”, “solution-focused approached supervision model” , “hermeneutics-approached supervision model”, “instrumental supervision model” and “expressive supervision model”, all displayed work effectiveness as the treatments by social workers. In the area of “child development”,they inputted social resources such as diet, health, medical and education systems, to enable both normal and special children to begin to move into normal development stage for exhibiting their own potential and transforming into more successful physical, mental and spiritual state. In the “area of care takers’ improvement”, most of the main care takers of families, who had previously suffered from their own diseases or insufficient self-functions, were given better medical treatments and good social support system through the assistance and encouragement from the social workers, with their depressed mental state alleviated, and their inherent function of care taking giving priority to the consideration of best interests of children and setting the goal at care of children.In the “area of family function empowerment”, obviously both the main care takers and the children became more able to be take the stand points of each other to accept and respect each other to work hard jointly for the family’s aim, which each playing its own part well to sustain the smooth operation of the family and enhance the family function as a whole. In the “area of constructing of informal social support network”, most of the families of the case had their crises improved promptly after the social workers introduced formal and informal sources. Stabilizing the family status, and, more importantly, once these families possessed such capability during the treatment process, they would take initiatives in seeking social resources to self-help when their needs cannot be met, for preventing the family crises from re-occurring.In addition, social workers under different supervision models also showed their uniqueness in work effectiveness. For example, the strengths perspective-approached supervision model enabled social workers to exhibit diversely in the four areas of work effectiveness indicators, particularly the “area of care takers’ improvement”, the “area of family function empowerment” and the “area of constructing informal social support network”, where outstanding performances were seen. With the ecological systems-approached supervision model, notable performances were seen in the “area of child development”, the “area of family function empowerment” and the “area of constructing informal social support network”. The solution-focused approached supervision model helped greatly in the “area of family function empowerment”. The hermeneutics-approached supervision model stood out in the “area of care takers’ improvement”. At last, the researchers recommend that the governments, in formulating their policies, can strengthen the capacity training and efficacy increase for social work supervisors and take the outcome indicators as part of the policy contents and case management systems of high-risk families. Regarding the practice, we recommend that supervisors make good use of the theories of social work in their supervisory processes and construct supervision models that are for themselves to shape the performance of social workers and to apply the outcome indicators in the work of treatment.

二十餘年來，兩岸之間經貿、社會與文教交流頻繁，雙方關係已呈現密不可分的趨勢。然而，由於兩岸的特殊情勢，導致政治與經濟、社會發展方向背道而馳，而在某種程度上呈現「制度缺失」的現象，無法將雙方交流互動所產生的合作或問題，以制度化方式予以規範及解決。2008年6月兩會重啟協商，迄今已簽署18項協議，所涉事務範圍廣泛，涵蓋經貿、金融、農漁業、社會、食品安全、核能安全等領域，均與台灣民眾之權益及福祉息息相關。然而，簽署協議並不意謂所規範之事項或欲解決之問題即能完善運作，重要的是，必須由治理層面看待協議內容，方能確實達成協議創立之目的。 然而，迄今探討18項協議之多著重於協議內容之簡述及分析為主，較少由治理層面予以系統性分析。有鑒於此，本文將透過以制度主義探討國際關係之首要理論：國際建制論（International regime）作為理論基礎，探討兩岸協議治理議題。在研究案例上，則選擇18項協議中，涵蓋層面最廣，影響最為深遠的兩岸經濟合作架構協議（Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement），希望在建制治理的相關概念與理論的基礎上，透過深度訪談及過程追蹤等研究方法，探討ECFA的治理成效。為達成此一目的，本研究建立一研究架構，就各項可能變數進行描述與分析，論述ECFA制度性治理內容，及建立評估治理成效指標等，以利對兩岸協議治理研究有初步貢獻，並可作為評估協議成效之實務參考。 / Since June, 2008, Taiwan’s Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) and PRC’s Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) have reactivated the cross-strait negotiation. To date, they have held eight Chiang-Chen Talks, signed 18 agreements, and reached two consensuses. These agreements have established important framework and blueprint for cross-strait exchanges and aimed at the well-being of the people on both sides. However, those agreements signed do not guarantee the smooth implementation of policy born out of the talks. It is imperative that we should make a detailed analysis of the content of those agreements from the perspective of governance to help realize the goal of the agreements. Yet most research papers fail to develop a systematic analysis from the perspective of governance by merely emphasizing on the literal description and analysis of articles of individual agreement. Therefore, this research will employ international regime theory, which argues that international institutions or regimes affect the behavior of states and act as the main theoretical underpinning for investigating the issues concerning the governance aspect of those agreements. This research chooses ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement) as the object of research, because it is the most important, comprehensive and influential agreement among the 18 agreements. In order to assess the effectiveness of governance element in ECFA, this research establishes a research framework which is capable of describing and analyzing relevant variables and set up evaluation indicators. Information was obtained through in-depth interview and process-tracing to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of above-mentioned research framework, and through study and analysis it has proven that this research framework can act as a reference for evaluating effectiveness of governance in agreements when put in practice.

本研究利用實驗法，控制會影響高等教育課堂學生學習成效因素中的教學者、課程設計和網路教學系統這三個變項，來觀察學校行政和學習環境以及學生個人特性差異對學生學習社群發展和學習成效的影響。以一所國立研究型大學和一所私立技術學院各2班學生為實驗觀察對象。 研究結果發現：(1) 高等教育的階層化導致兩類型校學生在對學校行政和學習環境的認知以及學生個人特性有顯著差異；(2)在傳統面授和非同步線上教學裡，兩類型學校的學生對學校環境認知和個人特性差異的不同影響「學習社群發展」。(3)在傳統面授和非同步線上教學裡，兩類型學校的學生對學校環境認知和個人特性差異的不同影響「學習成效」。（4）在相似的數位環境下，使兩校學生的資訊對稱，即非同步遠距線上教學環境可以削弱學校環境以及個人特性背景對學習成效所造成的影響，拉近優勢與弱勢族群的差距，驗證線上學習系統支援跨校遠距教學可提升學生學習成效。 / Findings indicated that: (1) the categorization of higher education institutions in Taiwan indeed created a “differentiating” effect; (2) Both in traditional classroom settings and an asynchronous online learning environment, recognition of school environment and students’ characteristics do affect how learning communities are formed; (3) In asynchronous online learning, school type does affect how students learn and their learning outcomes; (4) In similar learning environments, an asynchronous online learning environment will lower the impact of the school environment and students’ characteristics on interactive models of learning communities, thereby narrowing the gap between dominant and fringe groups.

現今正面臨警界大退休潮，約有近1萬多名警察將於民國106年前退休，以警專及特考班、警大畢業生，自民國101年起，一年2700人左右遞補，亦恐緩不濟急，以本人所服務之芳苑分局為例，民國103年度總編制名額為280名員警，目前僅剩247員額，民國100至103年退休名額30餘人至今仍無法獲得補足，再以芳苑分局偏遠派出所為例，如漢寶、永安、路上派出所編制員額才10名，總而言之，就整整少掉3個派出所警力，必須抽調其它繁重派出所警力暫時補充，以利調度，長期以來，若無法迅速獲得補齊，將對治安形成相當大的隱憂，芳苑分局所轄含二林鎮、竹塘鄉、芳苑鄉、大城鄉(82村里分居於12個分駐(派出)所，轄區面積有294.15平方公里，人口數12萬4328人，如何在警力未補齊之際，運用現有民力，如義警、民防、社區巡守隊協助警察共同維護轄區治安，實為當務之急。常言道警力有限，民力無窮，隨著社會結構的變遷，警察機關必須重新設定與變革化的制度，以適應新的時代的潮流與社會環境需求，而協勤民力運用已是西方先進國家防治犯罪政策的趨勢。本研究為瞭解運用協勤民力協助警察機關之執勤成效，而針對協勤民力人員與警察人員對於協勤認知、相互間認知的差異及執行成效的成果來進行研討分析，藉以發現問題與提出解決策略，俾供政府部門今後運用民力的施政參考，有助警察機關高階領導人決策制定及整體策略前瞻性思維。且協勤民力參與警察勤務執行不但能協助警察處理各項煩瑣的問題，且有助於社會治安與秩序的改善移風易俗及提升擴大警察對民眾服務面向，同時也是人力資源的充分開發，就協勤民力個人而言，也是個人人生最意義的追求，能促使社會變遷的力量是一種善的循環，實現公平正義的社會理想，進而追求世界大同的終極目標。 / Recently, the police force is seeing a wave of retirement. More than 10,000 police officers are about to be retired before 2017. From 2012, about 2700 graduates from Taiwan Police College and Central Police University and special test class replenish into the police force each year. However, supply does not meet demands. Take the FangYuan precinct which I served in for example: there should be 280 policemen in 2012, however, there are only 247 policemen. The 30 retirees during 2011 to 2014 have yet to be replaced. Remote police stations such as HanBao, YongAn and RuShang police station each have only 10 policemen. In other words, a shortage of 30 policemen is equivalent to losing three police stations. This shortage of officers has forced the precinct to deploy police force from busier police stations to replenish those in remote areas. If these vacancies remain unfilled for a long time, it will cause difficulties in fighting crime. The jurisdiction of FangYuan precint includes Erlin, ZhuTang, FangYuan, DaCheng. 12 police stations are distributed in a total of 82 villages. The area of jurisdiction is 294.15km2 and the population is 124K. How to use the existing resources (Volunteered police, community patrol team, civil defence) to help maintain the public safety during the time of shortage in police force is a priority. Police force is limited, but the civil power is infinite. With the changes in the social structure, police need to reassess and fix their rigid system in order to adapt to new social needs and the trend of times. How to use the civil power is the trend of western advanced countries’ crime prevention policy. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of using the civil power in helping police. The different views towards helping with police tasks posed by the civil power and police will be analyzed to find problems and develop solutions. The research will serve for future reference for the government and aid leaders of the government and leaders of the police to establish policies. The participation of civil power not only can help police handle the business but also contribute to the public safety maintenance and expand the service of police. It is also an effective use of human resources. For people contributing to civil power, it is the pursuit of the meaning of life, because to promote social change is a cycle of goodness and realization of ideals of social justice. It is a step towards the ultimate goal of universal brotherhood. / 摘要 i Subject ii 謝誌 iii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 6 第三節 研究的範圍與限制 8 第四節 研究章節安排與架構 9 第五節 研究流程 10 第二章 協勤民力理論基礎與文獻探討 11 第一節 志願服務 11 第二節 公民參與 17 第三節 公部門運用志願服務組織相關理論 19 第四節 國外協勤民力協勤現況 30 第五節 彰化縣警察局協勤民力組織概述及協勤成效 32 第三章 研究方法 46 第一節 研究架構 46 第二節 研究對象 49 第三節 研究工具 54 第四章 研究結果與分析 64 第一節 警察人員基本資料分析 64 第二節 協勤民力人員基本資料分析 68 第三節 警察人員對於協勤民力工作看法分析 74 第四節 協勤民力人員對於協勤工作的看法分析 79 第五節 警察人員及協勤民力人員特性差異分析 84 第六節 警察人員及協勤民力人員對民力協勤的認知差異分析 103 第五章 結論與建議 107 第一節 研究結論 107 第二節 建議 116 第三節 文獻回顧及研究貢獻 122 參考文獻 124