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支付創新架構之研究 / A deconstruction of payment innovation朱芷嫻, Chu, Chih Hsien Unknown Date (has links)
支付是商業交易活動中很重要的一環,是買家和賣家之間價值的交換。隨著經濟的發展,支付的需求日趨增長,也因此促使支付方式持續地進化發展。從最早的以物易物方式,以商品貨幣作為價值交換的媒介,到現金以錢幣紙幣的形態出現,一直到訊息通訊技術的蓬勃發展,在電腦和網路的普及下發展出許多線上支付的相關創新服務。支付領域經歷了一連串的演進轉變,現代生活中,市場上有非常多支付方式供我們選擇,我們能夠透過簡單的點擊操作快速完成線上付款,也能利用行動裝置輕易的在刷卡機前感應付款,在我們能夠方便快速地完成支付行為的同時,卻對於支付系統背後的實際運作不甚了解。此篇研究希望透過不同種類支付方式的解構來深入探討支付創新。
此篇研究以支付系統的角度建構了由支付活動參與角色所組成的架構圖,架構圖中包含了付款者、收款者、付款者的銀行、收款者的銀行、負責結算與清算的清算所與信用卡公司等角色。透過多重個案分析,研究多個支付服務案例,在架構圖中依步驟流程拆解、呈現其資訊流和金流,了解各種支付方式的實際運作過程,觀察各個支付系統及角色間互動合作的關係。不僅透過多個案例的流程解構與套用來強化、驗證此研究所建立的架構圖,針對每個挑選出的個案也進行深入分析,分別以付款者和收款者的角度,呈現相關關鍵特性包含支付服務的手續費及收款與付款的時間。此外,經過多重個案的深度觀察與解析,此研究也根據支付系統現況提出相關現象的討論。此篇研究提供一個解構支付服務的工具,希望透過多重個案的解析與觀察更深入了解支付創新。 / Payment is a crucial part of commercial activity that occurs in our daily lives. As an economy expands, the requirements of payment increase rapidly, which gives rise to the continuous evolvement of various payment methods. We have evolved from a barter system to the use of cash and paper-based payment instruments, to the advent of information communication technology (ICT) which contributes to online payments, along with the creation of many types of innovative payment methods. This process has been a series of innovations in payment domains. Although many payment methods currently exist, there is a limited understanding of how payment systems work and what actually happens when we pay with a single click online or complete the payment in a flash by placing a mobile phone close to a merchant point-of-sale terminal. This study is dedicated to deconstructing various kinds of payment systems to understand payment innovations in depth.
To explore the information flow and cash flow operating in the ecosystem, this study develops a framework for analyzing a payment system based on the literature. The framework consists of a payer and payee who connect through transactions and launch a series of payment processes that include institutions such as the payer’s and payee’s bank, and intermediaries such as a credit card association, a settlement bank, and a clearing house that handles the clearing and settlement process. These components interact and cooperate to fulfill payment activities. The framework, which aims to illustrate the role that each component plays and how complicated payment systems work, is expected to cover all kinds of payment methods. We enhance and verify the framework by applying several cases for traditional and innovative payment methods. With these selected cases, we analyze payment processes between participants and clarify features relating to payment fees and time in respect to payers and payees. Through the observation of multiple cases, we also derive particular facts from the payment operation in the present ecosystem. We hope that the research will offer an instrument to better understand payment systems and provide an in-depth deconstruction and observation for payment innovation.
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政府間移轉性支付之經濟效果分析朱介立, ZHU, JIE-LI Unknown Date (has links)
一、冊數:壹冊
二、字數: 萬餘字
三、內容提要:
地方自治是我國實施憲政的基礎,而財又為庶政之母,是以鞏固地方財政,為健全地
方自治根本之道。隨著經濟發展及民主政治進步,地方自治的政務,日益膨脹。然而
,地方財政先天上即屬規模小,各項稅源有限,收入的所得彈性又小,造成財源籌措
困難,且經常是入不敷出。影響所及,不僅僅是地方政府難以充分發揮自治功能,且
處處仰賴上級政府的補助,使補助金成為今日各級地方政府主要財源之一。本文主旨
,即在探討補助金對下級政府財源籌措及支出型態的影響。
本文結構,除第一章為導論外,其他各章的主題分別為:
第二章為補助金制度的經濟分析,分析就各類型補助款對地方財政的影響作一整理,
並回顧國內外有關補助金之文獻。
第三章以建立實證模型為主,同時分析本省資料,並以此模型從事估計工作。
第四章為檢討現行補助金對地方政府支出型態之影響。
第五章為結論及建議。
四、論文大綱:第一章:導論
第一節:研究動機與範圍
第二節:研究方法
第三節:本文結構
第二章:補助金制度的經濟分析
第一節:一般經濟模型之探討
第二節:國內有關文獻之回顧
第三章:補助金對地方政府支出水準及結構的影響—一個實證模型
第一節:模型的建立
第二節:分析資料與估計
第四章:台灣現行補助金制度的探討
第一節:現況介紹
第二節:檢討與評估
第五章:結論與建議
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牙醫實施總額支付前後經營績效之比較分析 / The Effects of Global Budget on the Operating Efficiency of Dental Care in Taiwan楊蕙慈, Yang, Huei-tzu Unknown Date (has links)
摘要
本文以民國85年7月至民國89年6月國家衛生研究院全民健保資料庫中關於牙醫醫事服務之相關資料,探討我國牙醫總額支付制度之實施,是否達到醫療費用成長率抑減及提昇效率之預期目標。研究結果顯示,以總額支付制度前後二年牙醫價量變化觀之,平均申報件數下降4.05%,而其申報金額之成長率為3.9%,低於協商之醫療費用成長率8%。而資料包絡分析之研究結果發現,總額支付制度實施後,全體醫院之平均純產出距離函數與全體平均產出距離函數均有攀升之現象,表示總額支付制度之實施,對於牙醫醫療院所產出效率之提升有正面之助益。本研究欲分析牙醫醫療院所生產力之變動是否與總額支付制度之實施相關,故利用前述DEA模型求得之純產出距離函數平均值與整體產出距離函數平均值,進行Tobit迴歸模型分析。實證結果顯示,總額支付制度別之迴歸係數為正,表示該制度實施後,牙醫醫療院所之生產力優於實施前,故總額支付制度之實施,對於牙醫之生產力改善有正面助益。而實證結果亦顯示,醫事機構之權屬別、評鑑等級別及健保分局別的不同,亦會造成其生產力之差異。 / Abstract
Using dental services data from July 1996 to June 2000 in NHI, this study examines the effects of Global Budget on the operating efficiency of dental care. The results of this study indicate that after the implementation of the Global Budget system, the claimed number of cases of dental services reduced by 4.05%, and the claimed charges of dental services increased by 3.9%, below the allowed expense increase ratio. And the results of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) show that both CRS and VRS increased after the implementation of the Global Budget system, indicating that implementation of the Global Budget system improves the efficiency of dental care.
This study also uses Tobit regression model to examine whether the improvements in the efficiency of dental care are related to the implementation of the Global Budget system. The results indicate that after implementation of the Global Budget system, the efficiency of dental care became better. This study also found several hospital characteristics are associated with the efficiency of dental care.
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我國第三方支付專法分析與國際立法例之比較 / A Legal Analysis On Third-Party Payment In Taiwan And A Comparative Study On The International Legal System Of Third-Party Payment唐君豪, Tang, Chun Hao Unknown Date (has links)
新型態的網路交易模式已漸漸地改變平民大眾的消費習慣,而隨之起步的支付模式更是日新月異。發展至今,有別於傳統的現金交易,或者是金融專戶轉帳等支付服務,因應電子商務交易習慣的第三方支付逐漸受到消費者的喜愛。
所謂的第三方支付服務,主要透過第三方支付業者的資金能力提供給使用者相當程度的交易擔保,並且與銀行進行合作進而承作類似儲蓄的預付儲值業務,讓使用者得以安心地進行網路交易,有效地推動電子商務的蓬勃發展。
然而,綜觀第三方支付服務在台灣的發展,可以發現相關的法律規範卻直到今年(2015年)才完成建置,在此之前,許多業務的經營多遇到法規適用的問題,導致第三方支付業者多在法規模糊地帶遊走,十分地不明確。時至今年,針對第三方支付服務所設立的專法-電子支付機構管理條例與相關的子法正式施行,相關的業者得以明確地受到法規管束,而對於使用者而言,亦可以受到明文的法律保障。本文除了探究第三方支付服務之法規發展,同時欲以國際上重要的第三方支付立法例進行國際法的比較,參酌中國美國歐盟之相關立法,分析我國相關法規與國際立法潮流之異同,並對於現今專法提出評析。 / The advanced development of E-Commerce have gradually changed the habit of people and it leads to the innovative payment system as well. Instead of traditional payment service, the third-party payment service becomes more and more popular.
The operators of third-party payment guaranteed users a safe payment system with its own financial fund and run the money storage business though contracting with banks. The development of third-party payment and E-commerce is mutually progressing.
However, there are still many issues about applying laws for the operators and users before establishment of third-party payment law and it also makes the third party payment operator in the grey area. Up to this year(2015), the exclusive law for third-party payment finally finished and it provides the operators and users a full set of regulations to follow.
In addition to analysis the development of third-party payment, the thesis will go a step further to discuss about the comparative study on the legal system of third party payment service in China, USA, and EU.
On the whole, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on third-party payment legal development in Taiwan with relevant law trends in focus countries, and puts forward the suggestions for the legal system in Taiwan in the end.
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行動支付商業模式與產業價值鏈之探討 / A Study of Business Model and Industrial Value Chain of Mobile Payment劉思含 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著行動裝置及行動通訊網路的日益普及,人們可以突破時空限制、行動化地以完成各項活動,其中,支付方式的行動化即為「行動支付」。行動支付機制多元並進,從最初的簡訊傳輸(SMS)交易付款、到延伸PC版界面至行動裝置的手機瀏覽器頁面(WAP)付費,以及最新結合感應功能的近距離無線通訊(NFC)手機信用卡付款,以及結合行動裝置相機掃描功能的QR Code行動條碼付款等等,不同的行動支付機制各有其點,本研究以不同的分類方式歸納行動支付機制,並以「行動支付機制特性盒」針對國內外比較常見或是未來具有發展潛力的行動支付機制,從適用情境、參與業者以及支付流程,以呈現、比較不同行動支付機制的形貌。
不同的行動支付機制因運作模式不同,所形成的商業模式以及產業價值鏈也不盡相同,而產業中的各方參與業者在發展或推動行動支付的參與誘因、資源與優勢、商業模式、產業定位亦有所不同,本研究試著描繪行動支付產業價值鏈,涵蓋提供行動支付服務主要活動的參與者,以及提供週邊軟硬體、認證機制等間接支援性活動的相關業者,並針對不同業者的特性及在行動支付產業中的定位分別描述,歸納三大行動支付商業模式,分別是金融業者主導下的商業模式、行動通訊網路服務業者主導下的商業模式,以及第三方支付業者主導下的商業模式,並藉由探討國內外行動支付案例,以及訪談台灣行動支付產業的相關業者,作綜合性實務分析。
綜合文獻探討、深度訪談的結果,本研究歸納出在行動支付的演化上,具有多元並立性及典範移轉性,且不同的行動支付機制會造就不同的商業模式及產業價值鏈樣貌。未來,隨著台灣行動支付的相關法令逐漸鬆綁,台灣的行動支付將進入快速發展時期,根據過去各國在發展行動支付上的經驗及行動支付未來的整體發展趨勢,本研究提出以整合性的觀點去發展行動支付機制及商業模式,並以此建立產業價值鏈的定位及密切的策略夥伴關係,使各個參與業者能更加發揮互補性的核心競能,共同帶動行動支付的創新和普及。 / Mobile technology has become increasingly common in today’s everyday life. Mobile payment (M-payment) comes with mobile technology, which allows people complete payment in an easier way and without time and space limits. There are a variety of M-payment mechanisms, such as SMS, WAP, to NFC and QR code. Each mechanism has its characteristics. This study compares and analyzes different M-payment mechanisms in categories and under the characteristics of M-payment procedures.
Different M-payment mechanism brings out different business models and industrial value chains. Each participant in the industry has its motivations, resources, advantages, business model and positioning. On one hand, this study tends to describe three main business models and the industrial chain of M-payment mechanisms based on secondary data. On the other hand, this study conducts in-depth interviews with specialists from mobile network operator, banks, stores, and consumers to collect first-hand information.
Combining documentary analysis and in-depth interview, this study comes to a conclusion that the evolution and development of M-payment has the characteristics of multiple existence and paradigm shift. In addition, the business model and the industrial value chain both vary from mechanism to mechanism. In the future, as Taiwan has relaxed M-payment related rules and regulation, the development of M-payment in Taiwan is expected to be prospering. Our study offers several practical implications to developing integrated M-payment mechanism, business model, and relationship in industrial chain in order to facilitate successful development of M-payment with complementary advantages of each party.
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總額支付制度對醫院醫師行為之影響蔡正隆 Unknown Date (has links)
國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文-中文摘要
研究所別:企業管理研究所 碩士班
論文名稱:總額支付制度對醫院醫師行為之影響
指導教授:賴士葆、邱文達
研究生:蔡正隆
背景:全民健保自八十四年開辦以來,醫療費用支出成長率始終大於收入成長率,龐大的財務壓力造成健保是否可以繼續生存的重要關鍵,健保法第五十四條規定:總額支付制度得分階段實施,其施行日期由主管機關定之。醫院總額支付制度已於九十一年七月正式實行,相關研究皆顯示總額支付制度的推動會加速醫院之間聯盟與合作,但是對於個別醫師行為則少有探討,本研究針對醫院總額支付制度實行後,對醫院醫師行為可能的改變做一深入探討。
目的:西醫醫院總額支付制度實施後,對醫院醫師行為的影響。
材料:對於總額支付制度、醫師行為相關議題有所了解的專家學者與醫師。
方法:以德菲法(Delphi method)做兩階段專家預測,輔之以專家深度訪談。
結果: 總額支付制度實施後,部分醫療行為會有所改變,加入種種相關配套措施因子,會讓醫師行為的改變更加明顯,一些準醫療行為(如研究、教學等等活動)也會因總額支付制度的推行而有所改變。
結論: 總額支付制度實施之後,對於醫院醫師行為會有普遍性的影響,相關配套措施的實行,如果規劃不良,更會加劇醫院醫師行為的改變,進而影響醫療品質。
關鍵字:總額支付制度、醫師行為、德菲法
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併購宣告及支付工具對主併公司股東財富之影響 / The Market Reactions on the Merger and Acquisition Announcement and Means of Payment陳聖謙, Chen, Sheng Chien Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球化的趨勢,企業經營所面對的不僅是國內同業的競爭,更面臨國外同業的競爭。企業透過組織調整,在資金、人才以及經濟規模的議題,企業併購已成為近年來台灣之趨勢及風潮。企業進行併購活動熱絡時,對於企業之組織調整、轉型具有正面效益,可促使規模經濟,降低成本,發揮經營效率,提升國際競爭力。
本研究主要探討併購宣告、支付工具的選擇以及跨國因素之不同,對主併公司股東財富的影響。以民國89年1月1日至民國96年12月31日間,主併公司為台灣地區之上市櫃公司、標的公司為全球任一國家註冊之公司的所有併購事件,計有527個觀察值。採用事件研究法(event study)進行實證研究結果如下:
一、對主併公司股東而言,併購宣告效果
本研究以事件研究法進行實證分析,發現併購宣告日前後期間,對於主併公司股東財富有顯著正向異常報酬。但若拉長事件觀察期間,則變得不顯著。也就是主併公司的併購活動無法獲得營運綜效。
二、併購支付工具對主併公司股東財富之影響
本研究實證結果發現企業併購採用現金支付及混合支付,31天的事件期間對主併公司股東而言,皆呈現不顯著之正向平均累積異常報酬。採取換股支付則有不顯著之負向平均累積異常報酬。以混合式支付,於事件期間有正向不顯著平均累積異常報酬;於宣告日前後期間則有正向顯著平均累積異常報酬。
三、宣告國內併購及國際併購對主併公司股東財富之影響
本研究實證結果為國內併購中主併公司在31天的觀察期間,對於主併公司股東而言,僅於宣告日前後期間會有正向平均累積異常報酬,但是拉若拉長觀察期間,其結果並不顯著。國際併購則有不顯著之負向平均累積異常報酬。 / The issues on capital funding, people asset and business scoping are becoming more significant topics with the increasing activities in corporate merger and acquisition (M&A). It has been said that the corporate reorganization through M&A has positive effect within the business because of larger business scope and more efficient in cost management. The corporation will be able to compete better in the international market.
This study will focus on the market reactions on the merger and acquisition announcement, the method of payment choice and domestic or international M&A. The observation study cover 527 M&A cases from year 2000 to 2007. The study result based on event study research method are as followed:
1. The M&A announcement result to acquiring company shareholders: The study shows significant remuneration to acquiring company shareholders’ wealth before and after the M&A announcement. Less significant once we observe the case at longer time period. The result shows that the acquiring company can not achieve synergy effect.
2. The wealth effect to shareholders with different means of payment: The study shows that the combination of cash payout and exchange of stocks and cash payment method shows insignificant positive accumulative abnormal return to shareholders within 31 days before and after the M&A. Settlement with only exchange of stocks shows insignificant negative cumulative abnormal return to shareholders.
3. The effect to shareholder’s wealth from announcing domestic M&A or international M&A: The study shows that in the case of announcing domestic M&A, the acquiring shareholders has positive cumulative abnormal return within the 31 days before and after the announcement. Once we observe longer period, the result is less significant. International M&A shows negative insignificant cumulative abnormal return.
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新上市首次股利宣告與股價關連性研究張銘輝 Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年來,隨著資訊科技的快速發展,國內的產業結構產生明顯的變化,重心轉移到資訊電子業上。本研究期望透過研究投資人是否會以不同角度,衡量不同產業間公司股票股利的宣告。另一方面,關於配股率高低是否會具有影響股價異常報酬的現象,國外的文獻如Woolridge(1983)、Baskin(1989)等,認為配股率高低將會產生不同的異常報酬,股利支付較高樣本,當股利支付率越高,股價的異常報酬也會越明顯且具有正面的影響。本研究試圖透過實證分析,瞭解國內的股票市場是否也存在同樣的現象。
本論文採取事件研究法,對新上市公司進行首次股票股利宣告的事件,並分為兩組樣本電子類股與非電子類股,進行實證研究。另外,透過股利支付率的控制,檢驗高股利支付率組會不會比低股利支付率組,產生較大的正異常報酬率。本研究共蒐集了民國80年1月至民國89年6月共9年的時間,台灣證券交易所首次上市公司,無償配發股票股利的樣本,共80個樣本點。實證結果如下:一、電子類股與非電子類股的股票股利宣告日當天平均異常報酬率具有明顯差異。二、電子類股的股票股利宣告,並沒有較非電子類股的股票股利宣告,產生較大的正異常報酬率。三、電子類股中,高股利支付率組的股票股利宣告,並沒有較低股利支付率組的股票股利宣告,產生較大的正異常報酬率。四、非電子類股中,高股利支付率組的股票股利宣告,並沒有較低股利支付率組的股票股利宣告,產生較大的正異常報酬率。
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臺灣行動支付之挑戰與競爭策略 / Challenges and Competitive Strategies of Mobile Payment in Taiwan張軒愷, Chang, Hsuan Kai Unknown Date (has links)
全球行動支付交易金額預測將從2013年的2354億美元成長至2017年的7210億,年增率平均35%,而使用人口也將從2.4億增加到4.5億。另外,相較於亞洲其他國家非現金支付比例已高達五、六成,臺灣只有25%,顯示還有很高的成長空間。本研究透過Porter的鑽石模型比較美國、中國、台灣三國在行動支付領域的優勢與挑戰,同時透過Business Canvas拆解台灣行動支付平台廠商的商業模式,藉以了解台灣在行動支付領域的策略以及商業模式運作方法。
本研究的結論認為臺灣雖然在由於法律因素在行動支付市場業務上起步較晚,然而在技術取得面具有後發優勢。在需求面,臺灣的消費者準備度亦高,因此主要的挑戰在於產業鏈上待整合與國內內需低落,尚可透過跨境電商的方式取得突破。另一方面,台灣的廠商應該考慮選擇HCE而非TSM平台,同時思考如何吸引具有強大網路效應與平台效應的族群,並在國外廠商進入前搶先佈局。本研究屬初探性質,可作為未來研究行動支付相關研究之基礎。 / Global mobile payment market is forecasted to boom from 2.354 trillions in 2013 to 7.21 trillion in 2015, averagely at 25% annual growth rate. Compared to 50-60% non-cash payment in other Asian countries Taiwan only has 25% non-cash payment, which suggests high potential growth.
This research conducted Diamond Model to compare the advantages and challenges in the domain of mobile payment in the U.S., China and Taiwan. Additionally, inspecting a Taiwanese mobile payment platform company by Business Canvas to understand business models and strategies in Taiwan.
The conclusion of the research suggested that though Taiwan has slower development at mobile payment in consequence of legislation factor, it has the late-developing advantage in the acquisition of technology.
In demand side, Taiwan also has high customer preparation, thus the main challenges are the integration of supply chain and limited domestic need, which could be overcome by developing international e-commerce. Furthermore, Taiwanese mobile payment companies shall consider adopt HCE platform instead of TSM platform, at the mean time find out how to appeal the groups with strong network effect and platform effect, and speed up deployment before international companies access to Taiwan.
This research plays a role of advanced research in mobile payment, and could be a foundation for further related researches.
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中共中央轉移支付與地方政府財政支出行為之研究 / The Research of Central to Local Transfer Payment System and Local Government’s Fiscal Expenditure Behavior in China沈鈺傑 Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸於財政分權框架下,間接以收入分權影響支出分權,並以轉移支付調整兩者之消長。我們可得知無論採取哪種轉移支付都會帶來相應的疑義,在這裡歸納此現象為「政治與經濟集權下的轉移支付弔詭」:也就是如過於依賴一般性轉移支付,雖助於抑制地方預算軟約束,但卻導致地方增加行政經費支出;而如過多依賴專項轉移支付,雖助於推動地方基本公共建設,卻易造成腐敗。因此,我們可依中國大陸歷年改革歷程及相關的國際經驗推論,中國大陸轉移支付制度未來的改革方向會往稅收返還、專項轉移支付及稅種三領域進行改革。
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