京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第25024号 / 生博第515号 / 新制||生||69(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 見学 美根子, 教授 上村 匡, 教授 松田 道行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第25031号 / 文博第936号 / 新制||文||738(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科思想文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 津田 謙治, 教授 杉村 靖彦, 准教授 伊原木 大祐, 教授 芦名 定道 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

至屏東 花蓮 台東田調 探討排灣族的鼻笛笛文化 / Through fieldwork in Pingtung, Taitung and Hualien, the researcher gained first-hand data for this thesis. This thesis introduces the ethnography, environment, material culture, spiritual civilization and social structure of the Paiwan. This research is not limited to the technical aspects of Paiwanese nose flute art, and their playerts, but also discusses the making of nose flutes and the people who are able to play them. The paper discusses the myths and origins of nose flutes and the formation of nose fltue culture. The research focuses on the social function of nose flutes through analysis of the flutes and the symbols they represent. To the Paiwan, nose flutes represent the sound of hundred-pace snakes, the wooing of girls, sorrow and memories, the gathering together of friends and performing of wedding rites. Finally, the research examines the continuity and promotion of nose flute culture, including periods of decline and of changing factores in the culture.

本研究嘗試整合類神經網路與法則基礎（rule-based）系統技術，以建立S&P 500指數期貨的交易策略。本研究不同於先前研究之處有下列二方面：一、本研究採用法則基礎系統的方式提供神經網路的訓練範例；二、本研究以理解神經網路（Reasoning Neural Networks）取代後向傳導網路（Back propagation networks）以解決局部最小值與隱藏結點數未知的困境，而實證結果也顯示理解神經網路之表現優於後向傳導網路。首先，由期貨的日價格資料計算出十種技術分析指標值，用這些指標值來表示期貨市場內的各種可能狀況（case）。接著，我們提出FFM（Futures Forecast Model）與EFFM（Extended Futures Forecast Model）來處理市場的各種狀況，預測出隔日的期貨價格改變方向。以法則基礎方法所建立的FFM是用來處理明顯的狀況（obvious cases），並且提供類神經網路好的訓練範例。而EFFM包括四個理解神經網路系統與一個決策機置（voting mechanism），它被用來處理那些不明顯的狀況（non-obvious cases）。從實證模擬的結果顯示，在預測市場時FFM與EFFM有良好的合作 關係。因此，我們以FFM與EFFM為基礎建立一個整合的期貨交易系統（Integrated Futures Trading System，IFTS），並將它用於S&P 500 指數期貨市場作模擬交易，結果我們發現在1988到1993年的測試期間，IFTS 的投資報酬率高於買入持有投資策略。 / This research adopts a hybrid approach to implementing the trading strategies in the S&P 500 index futures market. The hybrid approach integrates both the rule-based systems technique and the neural networks technique. Our methodology is different from previous studies in two aspects. First, we employ Reasoning Neural Networks (RN) instead of back propagation networks to resolve the undesired predicaments of local minimum and the unknown of the number of hidden nodes. Second, the rule-based systems approach is applied to provide neural networks with good training examples. We, first, categorize the daily conditions of the futures market into a variety of cases through processing futures historical data. Then, the dual-forecast models, FFM (futures forecast model) and EFFM (extended futures forecast model), are proposed to predict the direction of daily price changes. The rule-based model, FFM, is designed to deal with the obvious cases and to provide the neural network-based model, EFFM, with good training examples. Meanwhile, EFFM, which consists of four RNs and a voting mechanism, is designed to handle the non-obvious cases. The simulation results show that the cooperation of FFM and EFFM does a good job in predicting the direction of daily price change of S&P 500 index futures. Based on FFM and EFFM, the integrated futures trading system (IFTS) is developed and employed to trade the S&P 500 index futures contracts. The results show that IFTS outperforms the passive buy-and-hold investment strategy over the six-year testing period from 1988 to 1993.

狄爾泰的詮釋學理論承接史萊馬赫詮釋循環整體與部分相互補充預設，並重視對作者心理的解釋，以及作者生命脈絡、背景知識的掌握，將作品視為生命表現，並與生命整體相關聯。同時他也將詮釋學與奠定精神科學的基礎的嘗試連結，將詮釋學作為精神科學重要的知識論、方法論。 然而狄爾泰的詮釋理論不只是精神科學的認識論。除了以體驗、表現與理解三個概念中除了說明了精神科學的研究對象和範圍，有關理解如何得以可能，狄爾泰將人視為歷史的存有，不但研究歷史、創造歷史並且接受歷史在我們身上的作用，我們的理解能力同樣受到歷史而決定的。狄爾泰以客觀精神肯定理解者與被理解者之間的共同性，並以效果關聯來說明理解個人與外在環境的互動關係。理解活動不是僅將作品、文本視為他人的生命表現，企圖以重建創作過程客觀地理解作品；藉由理解他人生命表現同時也檢視自己的生命，同時在理解過程中也將自己的體驗移入，如此成為從生命理解生命的生命詮釋學。 本文以歷史學派、康德與史萊馬赫作為狄爾泰生命詮釋學的準備，並以客觀精神與效果關聯作為理解的前結構，從體驗、表現與理解三個概念來說明狄爾泰詮釋的豐富內容。以高達美在《真理與方法》中對狄爾泰的批評為反對立場，最後嘗試以狄爾泰自己的理論來回應高達美的批判。

創業精神的研究對象概可分為新創企業及已奠基廠商，本研究是關注已奠基廠商的創業行為研究，稱為公司興業精神研究。此研究的主軸是興業精神行為模式，此模式是以興業導向衡量公司興業精神，主要在探討公司興業精神與廠商績效的關聯，過去二十多年來在許多學者的努力下已有豐碩的理論發展與實證成果。然此類研究也遇到發展瓶頸，因而學者建議此類研究應往國際化活動或是結合社會網絡觀點發展。 本研究是以興業精神行為模式為基礎，結合社會網絡觀點中的關係鑲嵌性概念，經由文獻回顧歸納出影響多國企業子公司興業精神的關係鑲嵌性包括母子公司間公司鑲嵌性、顧客關係鑲嵌性、供應商關係鑲嵌性及政府單位關係鑲嵌性，探討不同關係鑲嵌性與多國企業子公司興業導向的關聯。 經由個案訪談及問卷調查方法，對台灣企業在大陸子公司的230位經理人進行調查，以統計方法檢定各項假說，並再對未符合預期的假說進行較深入探索性分析，研究結果發現：（1）多國企業子公司興業導向與顧客關係鑲嵌性有導U字型關聯，（2）多國企業子公司興業導向與供應商關係鑲嵌性有導U字型關聯，（3）多國企業子公司興業導向與政府單位關係鑲嵌性無關聯，（4）多國企業子公司興業導向與母子公司間關係鑲嵌性有正向關聯。此結果顯示在社會網絡理論中的重要觀點：「平衡網絡」或是「過度鑲嵌」，會在多國企業子公司的興業精神中發生，換言之，本研究證實與顧客或供應商過度鑲嵌時，會不利於子公司興業精神行為。 本研究同時也探討環境中的政策不確定性、產業不確定性及競爭不確定性與子公司興業導向的關聯，研究結果顯示：（5）多國企業子公司興業導向與政策不確定性有正向關聯，（6）多國企業子公司興業導向與產業不確定性無關聯，（7）多國企業子公司興業導向與競爭不確定性有正向關聯。研究結果顯示：在面對政策上的不確定或是競爭上的不確定時，多國企業子公司會發揮更高的興業精神來因應此環境下的變動。 最後，本研究依理論架構與實證發現，提出研究的理論貢獻、實務意涵及後續研究的建議，使未來研究能彌補理論發展或是實證研究的不足。 / Research on corporate entrepreneurship(CE) has grown rapidly over the past decades. Both scholars and practitioners remain interested in studying and better understanding CE(Ireland, Kuratko & Covins, 2002).CE has bees viewed as the driver of new business and economic growth within on-going enterprises as achieved through innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking(Miller, 1983; Covin & Slevin, 1989e), new business venturing (Burgelman, 1983b, Guth & Ginsberg, 1990; Zahra, 1995), self-renewal(Guth & Ginsberg, 1990; Zahra, 1995; Shama & Chrisma, 1999), opportunity pursuit(Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990; Shane & Vankataraman, 2000), etc. CE can be important not only for small and medium size enterprises but also for large corporation(Antocic & Hisrich, 2001). The previous research mainly focused on the relationship between CE and firm performance and generated an study axial of entrepreneurship behavior model that used measures as the firm entrepreneurial orientation(Covin & Slevin, 1989, 1991; Zahra, 1996,1996; Lumpkin & Dess, 1996). Although this kind of research has come out with valuable theoretical concepts and rich empirical results, it till encounters the bottleneck of research. Some scholars suggested that CE research should be extended to international business activities or include the social network perspective(Zehra et. al. , 2003). Approximately 15 years ago, research on networks emerged as an important new era of inquiring within the field of entrepreneurship, but published papers on journals were relatively few and mainly focused on the development and consequences of networks in the new venture creation process, or focused on small medium-sized firms(Hoang & Antocic, 2003). There was lack of the network perspective research on the established firm in the field of entrepreneurship. This research extended entrepreneurship into international activities and conducted an empirical study on multinational enterprise’s subsidiaries with relational embeddedness of social network perspective. Through the literature review and case study, we generated a research framework and a set of hypothesis which described the relationships between relational embeddedness and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation. We collected data and used statistical tool to verify the hypothesis. Besides, we conducted an exploratory analysis on some field of what hypotheses were not supported to further understand how relational embeddedness influence the entrepreneurial behavior in the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises. This research finds that (1)there exists the inverse U shape relationship between the customer relational embeddedness and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation, (2)there exists the inverse U shape relationship between the supplier relational embeddedness and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation, (3)there exists no relationship between government relational embeddedness and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation, (4)there exists the positive association between the mother-subsidiary relational embeddedness and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation. This results imply that the important phenomenon of balance network or over embeddedness be exactly happen in the filed of subsidiary’s entrepreneurial behavior. Our study verified that over embeddedness will negatively influence the entrepreneurship of subsidiary, especially over embeddedness with customers or suppliers. This research also searched the relationship between the environmental uncertainties and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation. This result finds that (5) there exists positive association between the policy uncertainty and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation, (6) there exists non-association between the industry uncertainty and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation,(7) there exists positive association between the competitive uncertainty and subsidiary’s entrepreneurial orientation. This imply the subsidiary will advance his entrepreneurial behavior to overcome the environmental uncertainty or pursuit the business opportunities in the dynamic change. Finally this research proposed the theoretical contribution, practitioner implications and further research suggestions

隨著資訊科技的發展，筆記型電腦已經愈來愈普及，且價格不再高不可攀，消費者在選購電腦時，會以筆記型電腦取代桌上型電腦，因此消費者的購買意願增加，如何吸引消費者的購買意願，是目前許多企業所面臨的問題。消費者在購買產品前所考慮因素以品質最為重要。電腦公司若能提供品質保證，勢必能增加消費者購買的意願。 筆記型電腦為高精密與高價值的產品，攜帶方便為此產品的特色。由於攜帶方便的特性，顧客可以攜帶著筆記型電腦工作，因此一時的疏忽常對筆記型電腦造成損害，其中以外力所造成之損害最為嚴重，包括衝擊碰撞與摔落碰撞。 本研究以北縣某筆記型電腦製造公司之客戶維修資料與公司摔落測試之統計，以液晶螢幕燈管和玻璃損壞之成本最高。所以本論文主要目的希望能研究出筆記型電腦摔落之最佳保護設計，減低摔落所造成之損壞。針對研究之筆記型電腦抗摔落問題規劃防摔角墊實驗以收集相關數據，並利用以下六種不同的分析方法，(1)變異數分析結合迴歸分析方法、(2)田口方法、(3)田口損失函數法、(4)倒傳遞類神經網路法、(5)模糊結合TOPSIS法與(6)模糊結合類神經網路法，分別決定最適防摔角墊組合，並比較其最適防摔角墊組合之異同。倘若這六種分析方法結果不盡相同，則再規劃實驗以求得最適角墊硬度與面積，得到最適防摔角墊組合。

十六世紀西班牙神秘主義學家德蘭阿烏馬達‧賽伯達（Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda）於1622年被封為聖女大德蘭（St. Teresa of Ávila）或稱耶穌的聖大德蘭（Saint Teresa of Jesus）。一生以事奉天主為畢生奮鬥目標，她從靜觀祈禱裡領晤天主的恩寵，是一位神秘體驗的神秘主義者。大德蘭用33年的時間專注於內心默想祈禱和與天主在靈性上的結合，進而改革加爾默羅會，開創了一個嶄新的、更默觀的生活方式，而遍佈天主教世界。《七寶樓台》是大德蘭在天主的臨在經驗下完成的著作，其著作沒有深奧抽象的思辨理論，而主要是對神祕體驗現象的直觀性與隱喻性描述。基於這種神祕體驗與靈性生活的倡導，大德蘭也因此常被視為基督宗教神秘主義者的代表人物之一。 本論文主要透過對於大德蘭的基督宗教神祕主義思想背景，以及《七寶樓台》解讀的理論基礎，基督宗教的靈修理論以及宗教詮釋的相關理論。對靈魂提升的過程和神學的語言進行深入的省思，探討德蘭思想的底層。這個討論工作，所運用的方法主要是根據呂格爾等詮釋學家對文本世界的詮釋理論，以發掘文本的深層涵義。本論文的主要目的，企圖導引出宗教神學世界長期以來的信仰、語言和理性的討論，並藉由當代幾位具有代表性的神學與宗教學家的學說，闡明大德蘭的思想風貌，以及神秘體驗的精神本質。並且將大德蘭開創的思想潮流與宗教現象，帶進我們現代文化視野的詮釋空間之中，呈顯此一經典文本《七寶樓台》的重要價值與跨時代性。 關鍵詞：大德蘭、七寶樓台、神祕主義、神祕體驗、靈修、宗教現象、詮釋學、呂格爾 / Sixteen century Spanish mystic- Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda was canonized St. Teresa of Jesus by Gregory XV in 1622. She prayed for God in all her life and received His grace by contemplative prayer. She is also a practical mysticism. St. Teresa spent 33 years to pray for God, and concentrated on meditation piety to be with Him in spirit. By reforming Carmelo, the new meditative way of profound lives which created by her, gradually spread around the entire Catholic world. She wrote, Interior Castle, when God came to her in pray. The book is full of metaphor in book without any abstractive theories. Teresa became one of the representatives in Spanish mysticism due to her concentration on inner life and mystical experience. I will investigate the Christian Mysticism background of Teresa, the interpretation of Interior Castle, meditation piety of Christian, and related theories of religion hermeneutics such as Paul Ricoeur’s. By reflecting on the explanation of soul ascent and theological language, the thought of Teresa would be exposed. My purpose here is to introduce some significant arguments about faith, language and reason of Christianity by several theorists. I should focus on essentials of Teresa’s thought and mystical experience, the trend of spiritual movement and religion phenomenon initiated by Teresa. From a modern cultural perspective, the value and meaning of Interior Castle, should be reveal by this work. Key words: St. Teresa, Interior Castle, mysticism, mystical experience, meditation

魅力(Charisma)型領袖Muhammad Ahmad運用馬赫迪(Mahdi)神學號召群眾推翻土耳其殖民統治；蘇丹獨立初期Abd al-Rahman繼承馬赫迪宗教領袖的權威，結合民族主義，主張蘇丹獨立的政治理念，將宗教組織轉換為溫瑪黨進入公領域，成為議會時期主導民主政治的宗教政治菁英。Abd al-Rahman歸真後，他的孫子Sadiq al-Mahdi歷經三次軍變和三次議會時期，轉換馬赫迪神學，號召民眾起來為蘇丹民主和獨立而奮戰，推動民主進程結合宗教聖戰的概念對抗軍事統治政權。蘇丹在全球化多元政治制度衝擊下，伊斯蘭政治神學成為解決蘇丹內政問題的一種「神學替代方案」以取代今日的民主政體和極權體制。本論文討論蘇丹政治神學如「伊斯蘭民主神學」及「伊斯蘭社會神學」與近代政治制度的融合和交互作用下，探討群眾運動與六次政治體制轉換的關係。 / The charisma leader Muhammad Ahmad used the Mahdi theology to call a large mass of people that overthrew the Turkish colonial rule. In the early independent time, Abd al-Rahman combined nationalism with his inherited Mahdi power. He advocated an ideal of “Independent Sudan” in public and transformed his religious organization into the Umma party. After Abd al-Rahman passed away, his grandson Sadiq al-Mahdi had gone through three times the rotation of the democratic and military rules. Sadiq al-Mahdi has changed the Mahdi theology that calls people “jihad”for Sudan’s democracy and independency. He also proclaims a democratic progress with jihad against the military rule. As a result, Sudan, influenced by the globalized pluralist political system, chooses Islamic political system as a “theocratic alternative” to the present democratic and authoritarian systems to solve her domestic problems. This thesis discusses how Sudan’s political theologies, including “Islamic Democratic Theology” and “Islamic Social Theology”, interacted with the modern political systems and its outcomes to the relation between the mass movements and the six-time transitions between the democratic and military rules.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第25040号 / 文博第945号 / 新制||文||741(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科思想文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 大河内 泰樹, 教授 周藤 多紀, 准教授 早瀬 篤, 教授 中川 明才 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM