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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

探索創新智慧資本對新產品開發績效之影響 -個案研究以製藥產業為例-

許秀菁, Hsiu-Ching Hsu Unknown Date (has links)
對製藥產業而言,不斷推出創新產品是其價值創造的最大動力。另一方面,市場之競爭與價格限制之壓力使所有的製藥業者莫不將提高研發的績效視為企業維持高成長的關鍵途徑。因而製藥企業一直面臨的巨大壓力便是要能快速、確實推出安全有效的新藥上市。隨著競爭模式的轉移,無形資產及知識創造之價值將是決勝的關鍵。受限於本土藥品市場規模的限制與有限的研發能量,本土製藥企業之新藥研發大多以發展階段的新藥開發為主而非風險大、時程長的新藥研究。於是瞭解智慧資本的創造、加值、運用與管理對製藥產業新產品開發績效之影響也將更為關鍵。本研究先就智慧資本之文獻與各種衡量模式進行歸納,並引用Skandia智慧資本導航者之架構,分別以人力資本、流程資本、創新資本與關係資本四個構面評量企業之創新智慧資本之內涵與建置,並試圖瞭解本土製藥產業創新智慧資本對新產品開發績效之影響,期能對我國產製藥產業智慧資本之管理方向提出建議,以提供業界進行創新智慧資本管理與發展之參考。 / The lifeblood of the pharmaceutical industry is its ability to produce innovative products. Additionally, both the heavy competition in the market and the trend of cutting price by the health insurance payers also force the industry turns their focus on increasing the performance of R&D to maintain the high growth rate. Therefore, how to launch a safe and effective new drug in a shortest time is a great challenge to the industry. Along with the changing of the core competitive advantages, the value of the intangible assets and knowledge creation become the key success factors. Linking intellectual capital management with R&D activities in pharmaceutical companies would be a critical factor in enhancing R&D performance. For a local pharmaceutical, limited by the market size and the R&D ability, the R&D activities would be more on the development phase than research phase. The relationship between intellectual capital with new product development would be more critical especially in this knowledge-base pharmaceutical industry. By literature review and adopting the intellectual capital assessment model of the Skandia Nevigator, the study divides the intellectual capital into human capital, processes capital, innovation capital and relationship capital and try to find the elements of innovative intellectual capital related to new drug development in a local pharmaceutical company. It also tries to find out how a local pharmaceutical company creates and manages its innovative intellectual capital. The research results show the current situation about intellectual capital of the case and will be provide a reference for the industry and further research.
12

製藥業產品標準與我國藥品貿易發展之研究—以實施PIC/S GMP為例 / Pharmaceutical product standards and international trade in Taiwan: A Case study on PIC/S GMP

林聖峪, Lin, Sheng Yu Unknown Date (has links)
產品標準在現今社會中扮演非常重要的角色,但也容易造成許多技術性貿易障礙。醫藥產品由於攸關人類身體的健康及安全,因此相較於其他行業,各國對藥品皆設有許多嚴格的產品標準及技術法規,對藥品的國際貿易產生嚴重的技術性貿易障礙。PIC/S制定共通的GMP標準,並且旨在降低醫藥產品在國際貿易及流通上所面臨的非關稅貿易障礙。台灣藥物食品檢驗局於2007年公告實施PIC/S GMP,預計於2013年開始全面實施。本研究關注的核心議題,主要將以WTO對技術性貿易障礙的主要規範原則,分析探討PIC/S降低醫藥產品技術性貿易障礙的功能。另外,台灣製藥業由於缺乏關鍵技術、藥廠家數眾多、生產規模小,惡性競爭十分激烈,未來實施PIC/S GMP後,對我國製藥業的衝擊不容小覷,因此本研究另一項主要議題是PIC/S GMP對我國製藥業及藥品貿易之可能影響。 / Product standards play an important role in modern societies. However, they also raise many concerns about technical barriers to trade, particularly for pharmaceutical products which must comply with numerous stringent product standards, such as GMP standards. Therefore, PIC/S aims at reducing the technical barriers to pharmaceutical trade by providing a common GMP standard, which the Bureau of Food and Drug Analysis of Taiwan declared to introduce PIC/S GMP in 2007, and to fully enforce in 2013. This study will examine how PIC/S decreases technical barriers to trade for pharmaceutical products with principals in the WTO TBT Agreement. In addition, since Taiwan pharmaceutical industry has low competitiveness for a long time, how PIC/S GMP will affect the pharmaceutical industry and international trade of Taiwan is another main issue of this study.
13

植物新藥商品化模式研究—以新藥開發公司為例 / The research of commercialization model for botanical new drugs - examples of new drug development companies

何子潔, Ho,Tzu-chieh Unknown Date (has links)
在各大藥廠明星藥品專利到期、新藥開發數量銳減的當下,全球首例植物新藥MediGene Veregen™ 的核准上市為製藥產業帶來新的希望,雖然製藥價值鏈與商品化模式已為人所熟知,但針對植物新藥特殊性所架構之商品化模式還是一個全新的議題,為了架構一個適合台灣中小型藥廠的植物新藥開發模式,本研究嘗試以技術層面為根基,從法規面、產品面與產業面深入探討MediGene Veregen™ 關鍵的成功因素,從中獲取值得台灣藥廠參考的經驗,同時考量台灣植物新藥開發的大環境限制因素,包括法規與健保,給予台灣藥廠一些植物新藥商品化策略建議。 本研究之架構以實務觀點出發,首先整理參考文獻以探討植物新藥包含的範圍與藥品開發流程,幫助藥廠了解植物新藥商品化需要具備的條件與資訊;接著針對台灣與美國在植物新藥方面審查上市之法規、流程與審核成果進行研究,結果顯示目前台灣有兩種植物新藥審查系統「中藥新藥」與「植物抽取新藥」,對廠商而言並不如美國單一系統來得便利;再者藉由探討植物新藥的價值鏈結構、法規結構、產品結構與產業結構,試圖架構植物新藥商品化模式;接下來以兩家新藥開發廠商為例進行實際個案研究,一家為成功推出植物新藥商品的德國藥廠MediGene AG,一家為台灣藥廠中天生技/合一生技,主要藉由分析MediGene Veregen™ 商品化過程的關鍵成功因素,比較中天生技/合一生技WH-1商品化模式的異同,探討是否有足以借鏡與改進之處。最後,歸納整理上述的研究做出結論,並且對於台灣藥廠提出策略建議,希望能對於台灣新藥開發公司有實質上的幫助。 / While the star drug patents of each big pharmaceutical company are expired one after another and the quantity of their newly developed drugs sharply declines in these years, MediGene Veregen™, the first botanical new drug in the world, enters the market and therefore brings a new hope for the pharmaceutical industry. Although the value chain and the commercialization model of pharmaceutical industry have been known and researched a lot, the specific construction of commercialization model for botanical drugs is still a brand new subject. In older to construct the model that is suitable for Taiwanese middle and small pharmaceutical companies for the process from development to commercialization of botanical new drugs, this research, based on the technical analysis, attempts to discuss the key success factors of MediGene Veregen™ through analyzing the aspects of the laws, regulations, industry and product itself. With the case study about the environmental limited factors of new drug development in Taiwan, including the laws and regulations as well as the health insurance, this research tries to offer Taiwan pharmaceutical companies some strategic suggestions for the development and commercialization of botanical new drugs. The structure of this research is based on the practical viewpoints. First, we reorganize the reference in order to define the scope of botanical new drugs and the processes of drug development. It can help pharmaceutical companies understand the conditions and information needed for botanical new drug commercialization. Then, our studies focus on the laws and regulations in Taiwan and the United States, as well as the application processes and approvals for botanical new drugs. The results show that there are two evaluation systems in Taiwan for botanical new drug applications. For those pharmaceutical companies, the dual system is not as convenient as the sole evaluation system in the States. Furthermore; based on the discussion on the structure of the value chain, laws, regulations, product and industry, this paper makes an attempt to construct a better commercialization model of botanical new drugs. Next, two pharmaceutical companies are chosen as case study in this paper. One is a German pharmaceutical company, MediGene AG, which launched the first botanical new drug. The other is a Taiwan pharmaceutical company, MicroBio Co., Ltd/Oneness Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. By analyzing the key success factors in the commercialization process of MediGene Veregen™ and comparing its commercialization model with MicroBio Co., Ltd/Oneness Bio-Tech Co. WH-1, we try to get any valuable idea and insight. Finally, our conclusion and strategic suggestions may have solid help for Taiwan botanical new drug pharmaceutical companies.
14

上市藥廠的策略作為與績效研究-財務分析的觀點

鄭如惠, Ina Cheng, R. Unknown Date (has links)
製藥產業的屬性為民生必需工業,具有產品需求彈性低之特質,同時由於藥品影響人類健康,各國莫不希望引進具療效且安全性高之新藥,因此許多先進國家之藥廠,均以全球市場為腹地,積極推出新藥並申請各國專利,進行跨國行銷,所以全球製藥產業的發展,可視為一場國際競爭,而台灣的政府與製藥廠商也希望在全球製藥業之採購鍊上,取得適當卡位。近幾年,政府針對高科技產業,包括:製藥產業之發展,所必備的資本要素,提出各項重大改革,例如:民國86年主張「修訂第三類上市股票及上櫃股票科技事業審查要點」,民國89年實施「櫃檯買賣第二類股票制度」,對製藥產業資金的挹注很有助益。 資金的挹注雖是產業成長的契機之一,但由於製藥產業動態成長與不斷的演進,現有的法規、制度和產業環境,還需要政府適時修改不合時宜的法令,並規畫一個適合「製藥廠商」進行創新產業環境,同時廠商本身也應努力取得各項資源並有效使用,期使企業績效提昇能反映在製藥產業績效與國際競爭力上。換句話說,製藥產業內,希望取得大眾資金挹注之準上市(櫃)公司,如何藉由上市取得資本優勢,再轉換成企業競爭優勢以提昇經營績效應是燃眉之急。本研究認為準上市(櫃)藥廠,可借助已上市製藥廠,包括:中化、永信、生達與葡萄王之經驗,擷長補短以擬定適當的經營策略,相信對企業績效的提昇和獲得投資者的青睞應有正面助益。 所以本論文以已上市的製藥廠之經營策略發展趨勢和經營績效分析為研究主題,並同時比對政府政策、製藥廠商的策略作為趨勢及產業績效分析,試圖完整反應上市藥廠於後GMP時期(民國76年產業全面實施GMP認證制度後,至今)之經營動態,實證分析發現: 一、後GMP時期,中化、永信、生達之經營策略作為,具顯著的策略同形,且與製藥產業的發展趨勢相近。 二、後GMP時期之中化、永信、生達,三者之策略規畫,出現「同中有異」之現象,而葡萄王發展出截然不同的策略走向。 三、後GMP時期,政府根據製藥產業的需求,增修相關產業政策,中化、永信、生達也積極順應產業政策之變化,調整企業的各項經營策略。 四、永信、生達之營業成長率、投資報酬率、資本報酬率、固定資產周轉率、總資產周轉率佳,反應永信、生達的成長力、獲利力與經營效能良好;另一方面,中化則因過度使用財務槓桿、固定資產周轉率不佳及其轉投資大陸之獲利尚未能回補所投入的成本,形成其經營的困境,而葡萄王之營運體質雖良好,但因近幾年的獲利狀況不佳,稅後淨利在84、85年即低於產業水準,導致股價的表現疲軟。 五、根據第四項的財務指標綜合顯示,永信與生達是已上市藥廠間,其於成長力、獲利力與經營效能方面表現優異的廠商,印證其個別的經營策略發展趨勢,本研究推論下列策略目標有助於製藥廠商達到提高成長力、獲利力與經營效能之績效目標: 1. 開發自有品牌 2. 重視技術移轉,並積極與國內、外的學、研發機構或同業技術合作。 3. 不使用過高的財務槓桿,追求成長。 4. 企業應在製藥本業上追求專業化。 5. 謹慎評估大陸投資,定期評估公司的風險。 六、根據多元回歸分析,發現上市藥廠的毛利率、固定資產周轉率、總資產周轉率、研發費用佔銷售額的比率、應付帳款周轉率會影響上市藥廠之稅前淨利率、每股盈餘及總資產報酬率。亦即,上市藥廠雖具有規模(資本與營收)的優勢,但是企業是否能獲利,主要與其經營效能、研發投入、毛利率及是否取得供應商的信用融資相關。
15

抗憂鬱劑的使用及其影響因子—以精神疾病住院病患歸人檔 (PIMC) 為例

何慧敏 Unknown Date (has links)
本文透過國衛院所發行的精神疾病住院病患歸人檔,串連用藥、醫師、承保人,以及醫院檔,對於台灣抗憂鬱劑的使用情形做描述。發現抗憂鬱劑的使用次數是逐年增加的,且新藥成長快速,同時舊藥的使用卻是逐年下降,而國內製藥的使用也是逐年下降。總費用的部份,即使經過消費者物價指數的平減,仍是逐年上升;另外,醫院的特性,特別是醫院層級與醫院權屬別,對於抗憂鬱劑使用的種類與國內製藥使用的情形,都扮演重要的角色。
16

生技製藥產業的價值創造模式-以APEX、NEXMED、BURRILL&COMPANY為例 / How to Create the Value in the Biopharmaceutical Industry? Case Study of APEX, NEXMED, and BURRILL&COMPANY.

林群倫, Lin, Chun Lun Unknown Date (has links)
新藥開發是需要大量的資金投入,同時需要專業的技術實驗人才、以及具產業經驗的管理團隊,但是其所獲取的價值和領域也是相對較大的。生技製藥產業包括新藥、學名藥、中草藥、基因及蛋白質製劑、遠距醫療、預防醫學、醫療器材等。台灣在生技製藥已經投入許多資源,但是所獲得的成果並不如預期,主要原因除了缺乏像國際大廠的充足資金之外、且沒有完整的生技製藥產業鏈,更重要的是缺少了對生技製藥智慧財產管理的經驗、沒有國際行銷能力去取得市場。起因點則為台灣生技製藥公司仿照國際成功的生技製藥大廠模式,卻沒有自己的價值創造和創新模式,為了替台灣生技製藥廠商尋找新的利基和成功模式,本文分析了國內與國外的生技製藥公司,以尋找適合台灣的價值創造模式。 台灣生技製藥廠商主要缺乏的並非是技術,而是結合智慧財產的法律議題、並且發展出市場導向的生物技術研發模式。智慧財產相關議題在生技製藥產業更是最關鍵的因素,因為新藥研發動輒10年,而一般資金來源的銀行和創投都無法忍受所投資的公司必須要十年才可以獲利退出,因此透過不同臨床時期開發的新藥,其價值也會有顯著的不同,再透過技術移轉、授權和相關合約的簽訂,才能促使台灣中小型的生技製藥公司可以生存。本文要提出價值創造模型之前,必須要針對生技製藥產業的技術研發特性進行分析,接著必須透過智慧資本與財務會計的方式計算生技製藥產業無形資產的價值,最後透過個案中不同公司的營運策略,找出最適合現今生物製藥產業發展的模式。 生技產業需要相當多的資金去做新藥研發與市場行銷,這也是生技產業特殊的供應鏈上最重要的一環。因為,創投公司不只會投資金錢,它還會幫忙被投資公司尋找人才、市場、和策略發展。因此,本文第三個個案公司Burrill&Company為美國生技創投公司,最近幾年也可以看到它在大中華地區尋求投資機會。Apex International公司選對人才創造出優良品質的委託臨床試驗、和NexMed透過技術授權所產生平台技術,三家公司所創造的價值,去印證本文所提出的生技製藥產業價值創新模式的適用性。 論文研究結果顯示生技製藥產業最成功的關鍵因素至少有兩點,第一點就是核心能耐(Core Competence)的建立、第二點就是選擇對的人才。由本論文的價值創造模式中心出發,便是透過紮實的研究發展技能;建立優良的管理技巧以降低研發風險;透過創造新的技術和產品價值的核心能力建立,再選擇正確的人才組合,創造出外部的價值,最後達到整體價值創造的綜效。希望台灣不光只是擁有科技基本法與生技新藥產業發展條例等政策,而是可以透過本論文提出之價值創造模式,有效提升整體生技製藥產業的環境,以期產生更多成功的故事。 關鍵字:生技製藥、智慧財產、實體審查、無形資產鑑價、價值創造、技術移轉。 / Biopharmaceutical is driving force of the global healthcare economy transformation. In order for a biopharmaceutical company to gain value from a new drug during its clinical development, capital investment, professional talents, and management team with industrial experience are needed. Biopharmaceutical industry are included of new drugs, generic drugs, Chinese herbal medicine or traditional Chinese medicine, genetic and protein preparations, tele-medicine, preventive medicine, medical devices and so on. Taiwan has invested a lot of resources at biopharmaceutical fields but the results are not as expectation. The main reason is the lack of adequate funding from international big pharma, and the operation is no integrity of the value chain at biopharmaceutical industry. More importantly is the lack of management experience on Intellectual Property, and no marketing ability to access to the global technology supply and demand market. The key point is that they copy of the format of big pharma but lack the spirit of the creativity and innovation. I analyzed the three cases in the thesis and tried to find a niche and successful model for the value-adding on the Taiwan’s Biopharmaceutical industry. Taiwan does have the technology know-how, but most of the companies’ problems are the lack of market-oriented R&D model and the Intellectual Property issues. IP issues including management know-how related to biopharmaceutical industry are the most crucial factors. Most companies tends to spend ten years on developing a new drug. Most of the investment banking and venture capitals are hard to endure by the long-term exit mechanism. The value will be totally different if the investors can exit at various clinical stage of new drugs at various stages with the strategy of technology transfer and licensing agreement. Such business model can make Taiwan’s small and medium-sized biopharmaceutical companies easier to survive. To verify this value creation model, I analyzed the characteristics of the industrial research and development and calculate the value of intangible assets on the technology by the methodology of intellectual capital and financial accounting. Finally, I will identify the most suitable model by compared with the different business models in three representative cases. The biotech industry needs a lot of funding to do R&D and marketing of new drugs which is the most important on this special supply chain. Not only to invest money, venture capitalist should help the company to recruit the talent, target the market, plan and execute the strategy. Therefore, the third case is the U.S. venture capital firm called Burrill & Company. In recent years, it moved to the Great China region to seek the investment opportunities. Apex International recruit the right talents to the right position and create a great world class quality project on the clinical trial, and NexMed bring their value through the platform technology and technology licensing. All the cases are selected to examine the availability and suitability of the value creation model. At least two key successful factors for biopharmaceutical industry has been revealed by the research of the thesis study. The first one is the establishment of the core competence on the technology in their respective business, and the second one is the management know how in putting the right person on the correct position. Overall, the value creation model is build on a solid research and development skills, a great management know-how to reduce the risk, and the spirit of entrepreneurship to create the true innovative products or services. With all the core competences, we can integrate the team with multidisciplinary talents to expand the value with the outside resources, and give the synergy of the whole value-added model. Hope that with the recent enactment of the Basic Science and Technology law and New Pharmaceutical Development Act in Taiwan, more successful stories can be created by this value-added model discussed in this thesis.
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台灣生技製藥業之新藥開發流程-開放式創新管理觀點

劉孝從 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來全球醫藥市場競爭越來越激烈,歐美製藥產業面臨:1.暢銷藥品專利即將到期、2.新藥產品生命週期縮短、3. 研發支出與產出不成比例、4. 健保藥價之削減,過去傳統藥廠以垂直整合方式開發新藥的方式已無法負荷艱困的產業環境。因此,開發新藥方式已從過去垂直整合轉向產業分工的方式,減低風險,提升新藥開發成功機會。因此,吾人可以預測這些廠商必須借用大量的外部資源才能快速地推出新藥。 目前我國新藥開發處於萌芽期,廠商規模小且較無經驗,加上國內過去以學名藥為主,因此,開發新藥一直是國內廠商的一個夢,也是製藥產業獲利最高的一項產品。然而,過去的研究重點往往著重在製藥產業相關業者發展策略、關鍵成功因素、營運模式或生技公司之創新管理、智財管理等層面探討,對於新藥開發流程的實務歷程的研究較少著墨。故本研究針對我國新藥開發公司的「新藥開發流程」進行研究,試圖以開放式創新觀點,探討其新藥開發流程中,專案團隊的外部技術網路與內部專案管理的關係,期能對於「團隊間之開放式創新管理」方面,提供一些實務上與學理上的貢獻。 本研究方法採個案分析法,文獻探討部分包含新藥開發流程、開放式創新、外部技術網路、專案管理,導出本研究之觀念性架構,以此理論架構發展出個案訪談問題,在研究中實地訪談四家之我國新藥開發廠商,並從中分析我國新藥開發流程中外部技術網路與專案管理之關係,透過個案分析推論我國新藥開發流程內、外部合作的關鍵成功因素。 本研究發現,新藥開發流程中,各階段技術不同,新藥開發專案團隊須清楚地界定本身的研發能力,才能有效連結外部技術資源。同時,專案團隊要能有效連結外部技術資源,團隊成員須擔任技術中介人,以促進適當的技術流進、流出,達成開放式創新。因此,選擇適當的技術中介人是新藥開發成功的關鍵因素。
18

製藥產業創新核價模式 / Innovative Pricing Model in Pharmaceutical Industry

王宥人 Unknown Date (has links)
由於醫療科技的進步以及人口老化造成各國政府對於健康支出越來越高,導致財務上的壓力;很多創新的藥品因為研發成本高或是病人族群太少所以價格高昂。醫療保險也因為財務衝擊過大而無法給付,最後演變成醫療的需要無法被完全滿足。 因此藥品公司採用創新核價模式,透過分擔財務上風險來降低交易成本,近年來更有藥品公司與保險公司或政府簽訂契約,以分擔治療結果上的風險來降低市場進入障礙。 本篇論文嘗試以新制度經濟學交易成本理論,初探製藥產業為了降低市場進入障礙採用創新核價模式的可行性。透過文獻整理、外在環境與兩個個案分析發現,創新核價/給付模式提供政府與藥品公司足夠的誘因,讓雙方願意坐下來協商雙方都可接受的可能性。 因此,創新核價/給付模式確實能有效降低市場進入障礙,提高新藥的可近性。適合採用創新核價模式的產品通常有以下三個共同特點:交易頻率相對較低,單價高或財務衝擊大,有明確的審查依據並能取得客觀可靠的資訊。台灣目前已有產品部份採用創新核價/給付模式。 不確定性是影響交易成本的主要因素,事實上台灣也有越來越多的創新核價/給付模式用來增加市場可近性,除了個案所提的價量協議合約以外,事實上健保局早就將以成效為基礎給付的創新核價/給付模式隱身在給付規定中。未來,創新核價/給付模式除了財務上的風險分攤以外,依實證發展給付(coverage with evidence development, CED)模式或許會成為下一個發展的重點。
19

台灣生技製藥公司海外直接投資進入模式之研究—以中國大陸市場為例 / Entry mode choices of foreign direct investments for Taiwan’s biotech-pharmaceutical company: an empirical study of China market

林書進, Lin, Shu Chin Unknown Date (has links)
近年來中國大陸以其廣大的市場及較低的人力成本優勢,成為外資及台商競相投資的市場,台灣各產業莫不以進入中國市場為營運發展的重要目標。國內生技製藥產業在這一波投資中國熱中,也嘗試從生產、銷售、行銷、代工及研發等不同面向切入,以掌握商機及尋求企業的永續經營與成長。 本論文著眼於研究台商生技製藥公司在進入中國大陸市場時,所選擇的海外直接投資之進入模式分析。並以John H. Dunning對外投資之折衷理論為研究架構,從「所有權優勢」、「區位優勢」及「內部化優勢」等構面,來分析台灣生技醫藥公司的中國市場進入模式。藉由國內生技製藥公司的企業訪談及上市櫃公司公開資訊的分析,以及次級資料與公開報導的整理,以瞭解台商生技製藥公司在大陸的直接投資進入模式及影響投資決策的關鍵因素及公司優勢。 本研究共訪談國內四家生技製藥公司。研究發現,生技製藥台商在中國市場的進入模式選擇,主要可能受到區位優勢決定因素的影響,而決定因素則可分為市場導向、資源取得導向及風險評估等三項。本研究將有助於瞭解國內生技製藥業,在中國進行跨國經營與投資的決策考量,並裨益國際企業領域及國際策略管理的理論與實務發展。 / Over the past years, China has attracted much investment from Taiwan companies and foreign companies due to its advantages of board markets and low-cost labors. Companies in Taiwan also set “enter China market “as a goal in their business planning. Upon this wave of “Invest China fever” , the domestic Biotech & pharmaceutical companies have no doubt approached their business target by entering China market through different operations, that is, production, sales, marketing, out-sourcing, and research & development, etc to catch the opportunities and sustainable growth of business The objectives of the study were to analyze the entry mode of China market Taiwan biotech & pharmaceutical companies have conducted their foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on the theory of the eclectic paradigm of FDI initiated by John H. Dunning as a research framework, from the perspectives of Ownership advantages, Location advantages, and Internalization advantages, the analysis for the entry mode of FDI and the Key factors as well as company advantages to affect the decision were employed to examine both the primary data and secondary data. Primary data consisted of the interviews of domestic pharmaceutical companies and the data statistics from the Market Observation Post System (Taiwan stock market). Meanwhile, secondary data was collected from the news and the reports of the journals, magazines, and the websites. Four Biotech-pharmaceutical companies were interviewed in this study. The result shows that Location advantages may be the major factors for FDI in China of Taiwan companies. The factors consist of market -oriented, resources -oriented, and risk assessment factors. This study will contribute the strategic considerations for Taiwan international companies that operate foreign Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical business in China. This study also suggests the strategy for the international business and international management both in theory and the practice.
20

中國製藥產業發展-雙元分裂的未來或整合的前奏 / The development of China's pharmaceutical industry- another kind of dualist model?

陳正揚, Chen, Cheng Yang Unknown Date (has links)
在製藥產業全球分工的價值鏈進程之中,後進國家獲得了進入產業的契機,但在價值鏈的本質上,它同時是開放的、也是制約的結構。在全球藥物的開發上,部分中國製藥相關產業廠商融入了全球前端的藥物研發流程,並取得相當豐碩的報酬,成功的與全球主導廠商連結;而在另一方面,佔據中國內需市場龐大份額的國內傳統大型藥廠,則是停留在仿製藥品的階段,在學名藥的紅海中彼此競爭。這種產業鏈研發前端接軌全球、卻與本地大藥廠脫鉤,前端研發與後端大型藥廠各奔東西的現象,在本文中作者將之名為中國製藥產業的「雙元分裂」。 雙元分裂的現狀是由中國國家自身形塑出來的「封閉式網絡」與跨國公司所形成的全球價值鏈分工,也就是海歸派CRO所進入與中國自身毫不相干的「外部網絡」兩項網絡關係所構成。封閉式網絡的結構模型,不單單只是產學研的條塊分割構成,其背後驅動的主體是國家機器-國家角色以專利准入保護了市場,同時一方面也傷害了創新的市場化能力,致使本地廠商綁死於本地學名藥市場,產學研的條塊並將私部門研發排除其中,構成封閉式網絡格局。與之對立的外部網絡之形成,一則是因為全球價值鏈開放機會改後進國家,讓後進國家前端私部門得以涉入其中,二則搭配上本地內部封閉式網絡,造成與本地的疏離形成「飛地(enclaves)」;這種外部網絡的主要驅動者是全球價值鏈,但使之演變為雙元分裂結構,其背後的關鍵因子仍為國家所進行的市場扭曲。 本文之重點,即自客觀經驗出發,以市場研究數據、廠商實際個案分析,輔以作者實地訪查經驗,系統性陳述、揭露雙元分裂的結構現象。 關鍵字:CRO、中國製藥產業、雙元分裂、全球價值鏈、產業政策、封閉式網絡、外部網絡

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