自從1956年Duncan首先提出X管制圖的經濟模式以來，各類管制圖的經濟設計即被廣泛的研究，但有關S管制圖經濟設計卻非常少。最早是由Collani and Sheil於1989年提出，他們假設製程中只存在一個非機遇因素，且其發生時間服從指數分配，但實務上製程中經常存在二種或以上的非機遇因素，而且故障率並不一定為固定的，所以本研究係探討製程中存在二個非機遇因素的情況下，擴展其發生時間之分配至範圍較廣的韋伯分配，並藉由Banerjee and Rahim(1987)的更新方程式方法建立S管制圖之最適設計。 在資料分析方面，本研究分別對連續性及非連續性製程，利用最佳化技巧，求出不同成木和製程參數組合下的最適設計參數值及最適單位時間成本。再利用變異數分析、回應圖分析及敏威度分析，決定影響設計參數的重要製程及成本參數。以供管理者決策之參考。關鍵字：管制圖、韋伯分配、經濟設計、更新理論。

近年來台灣設計實力漸漸在國際間嶄露頭角，根據經濟部「設計產業發展旗艦計畫」統計，在2002 至2008 年間，台灣在德國iF 設計獎、Red dot獎、美國IDEA獎和日本G-Mark獎等全球四大工業設計獎中囊括651 項獎項，2010年台灣在Red dot獎的表現僅次於地主德國，而2011年台灣也將舉辦台北世界設計大會，台灣的設計實力將向全世界發光。 在台灣設計實力備受肯定之餘，好的設計卻須經過商業化的過程，並通過市場的考驗，而設計產業中的「競賽」是將作品推向市場端的守門機制之一，因此本研究以守門機制的理論，探討台灣設計產業競賽。 本研究的核心問題為台灣設計類競賽機制是否適當？選人才與選作品競賽設計機制有何差異？本研究之研究架構為投入流程和產出(Input-Process-Output Model)模型，並輔以競賽架構去分析台灣最具影響力之競賽，分別為「光寶創新獎」和「國際青年設計創業家獎」。經過文獻探討和個案田野訪談後，有以下的結論： 1. 設計競賽宗旨的訂定，主要與主辦單位背後動機相符。良好的競賽設計，其競賽宗旨、競賽成果和評選重點具有一致性。 2. 競賽流程中之邊界設定將影響參賽作品/參賽者的輪廓。選作品之邊界設定較廣泛，而選人才之邊界設定限制較嚴謹。 3. 競賽流程中的評選機制，對競賽成果的樣貌具有決定性的影響。良好的競賽設計應在評選機制的設計，朝向完整審查和開放式的互動設計。選人才之評選機制比選作品較為多層次變化，因選到「對」的人需要較複雜的評選機制。 4. 在競賽流程的獎勵設計上，主辦單位應思考如何在有限的預算下，創造包含參賽者、主辦單位和競賽三方最大的價值。同時也須思考此獎勵設計是否能吸引主辦單位想要的參賽者，和篩選出來的競賽成果是不是能與競賽宗旨契合。 5. 競賽流程的加值效果可以運用在競賽每一個環節上，讓參賽者、主辦單位和競賽三方獲得加值效果。競賽的加值效果來自於主辦單位對於競賽的重視程度與努力有關，與選人才或選作品之競賽類型較無關。 6. 競賽之成果會隨著競賽宗旨而決定，但競賽過程中，會產生其它如對主辦單位和台灣設計產業的附加價值。 / In recent years, Taiwanese design ability has gradually been out-standing. According to “The flagship project of the development of design industry” by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (R.O.C.), from 2002 to 2008, Taiwanese designers have won 651 awards in the four main worldwide industrial design awards, iF Awards, Red dot Awards, International Design Excellence Award (IDEA) and Good Design Award (G-Mark). The number of awards Taiwanese designers got in 2010 Red dot Awards is even only after the hosting country, Germany. In 2011, Taiwan will also be the hosting country of the “2011 IDA Congress Taipei & Taiwan Int’l Design Expo”, from which Taiwanese design ability will be promoted to the world. While the ability of Taiwanese design has been approved from these competitions, a good design product must go through the process of commercialization and the numerous trial of the market. As “Competition” in design industry is one of the gatekeeping that pushes the product to the market, this study attempts to explore the design competition in Taiwan based on the theory of gatekeeping. The core issue of the study is to examine the suitability of competing mechanisms in design awards in Taiwan and the difference between the competition of choosing designers or design products. Utilizing the Input-Process-Output Model and the structure of competition as the theoretical framework to analyze the most influential design competitions in Taiwan, two Taiwanese design competitions, Lite-On Award and International Young Design Entrepreneurs Awards (IYDE), are included in this study. Conclusions of this study can summarize as the following: 1. The purpose of the design competitions mainly corresponds with the motivation of the organizers. The purpose of the awards, competition outcome, and the point of evaluation should be consistent in a good design competition. 2. The bounding condition of the competition process will influence the profile of the designers/works. The bounding conditions of competitions that choose works are wider than the competitions that choose designers. 3. The evaluation mechanism in the competing process will have decisive influence on the outcome of the competition. A great competition should be oriented toward a complete verification and an open interactional design. The competitions of choosing designers have more variation in their evaluation mechanism than the competitions of choosing works as it is more difficult to choose the “right” designer(s). 4. The organizers should think about how to maximize the value of the designers, the organizers, and the competition itself under the limited budget. At the same time, they should also consider if the design awards can attract the attention of the type of designers the organizers would like to have, and if the outcome of competition is consistent with the purpose of the competition. 5. The value-added effects of the competition can be applied to every part of the awards, which will benefit the designers, organizers and the competition. The value-added effects of the competition have correlation with the endeavor of the organizers but are irrelevant with the competition of choosing designers or choosing works. 6. The outcome of the design competition may be decided based on the purpose of competitions. However, it will generate the value-added effects to the organizer and Taiwan design industry.

本研究旨在探討桃園縣國民小學校園創意設計之現況，並分析不同背景變項 下，學校創意設計表現之差異情形，進而瞭解校園創意設計的規畫與思考歷程、遭遇問題與解決策略、未來目標，最後依結果提出具體之建議。 本研究調查對象為桃園縣30 所國民小學，訪談對象為該校校長或主任，共 計19 位校長與3 位主任。實地觀察各國民小學校園創意設計的表現情形，並訪問校長對該園校園創意設計的動機與原則，以及對校園創意設計思考歷程進行了解。在資料分析上，觀察與訪談主要以描述性的方式記錄，並使用次數分配、t考驗與單因子變異數分析進行分析。 綜合文獻探討與研究結果之發現，歸納可得研究結論如下： 一、國民小學校園創意設計求新原則施作容易，表現最多；求進原則位居第二，顯示校園環境的教育意涵受重視 二、學校新舊在「求新」面向具有顯著差異，新學校表現優於舊學校 三、學校歷史在「求新」面向具有顯著差異， 15 年以下學校表現較佳 四、學校規模在「求絕」與「整體原則」面向具有顯著差異，小規模學校表現較佳 五、校地面積在「求絕」面向具有顯著差異，校地面積兩公頃（含）以下學校表現較佳 六、校長認為校園創意設計理念首要為安全，並重視經濟與實用功能 七、校長的校園創意設計思考歷程考量學校內、外在環境因素，並重視使用者需求 八、校長認為校園創意設計最大困境為經費不足與人員溝通 九、校長指出校園創意設計未來目標係將空間或設施持續精進，將教學、學習與環境融合 最後，本研究針對教育行政主管機關、學校與後續研究提出具體建議。 / This research is aimed to investigate the current situations on school creative design of elementary schools in Taoyuan County, and to analyze the relation between school creative design and school environmental variables. Moreover, the purposes of this research are to understand the planning, the thinking process and the difficulties in school creative design, and to provide recommendations for schools according to the research findings. In this research, 30 elementary schools in Taoyuan County were surveyed, and 19 principals and 3 directors from these schools were inquired about the motivations, concepts and the thinking process of school creative design to obtain complete personal conceptions of school creative design. In data analysis, observation and interview are recorded descriptively. The statistical methods include descriptive statistic, t-test and one-way ANOVA. According to the findings of the research, these conclusions were summarized below: 1.In the application of school creative design in Elementary schools in Taoyuan County, the principle of innovation is much easier to practice, so the frequency of statistical results are much higher than others; the frequency of principle of improvement is the second one. It shows the emphasis on educational meaning of school environment. 2.There are significant differences between “new schools” and “old schools” on the principle of innovation on school creative design. In addition, new schools scored higher than old schools. 3.There are significant differences in “school history” on the principle of innovation on school creative design. In addition, schools founded in “15 years” scored higher than those in “15-30 years” and more than “30 years”. 4.There are significant differences in “scale of schools” on the principle of excellence and the whole principle of school creative design. In addition, small-scale schools scored higher than small-scale and large-scale schools. 5.There are significant difference in “school land area” on the principle of excellence on school creative design. In addition, schools covering below “2 hectares” scored higher than those over “2 hectares”. 6.Principals think the most important concepts of school creative design are safety. economy and utility. 7.Principals place the importance of the thinking process of school creative design on interior and exterior school environmental factors and users’ needs. 8.Principals think the most difficulty in school creative design is the lack of funds and personnel communication. 9.Principals think the goals of school creative design in the future are to make space or facilities much better, and to integrate environment with teaching and learning. Finally, the study offers suggestions to the administrative department and Elementary schools in Taoyuan County.

近年由於永續發展的觀念興起，許多與永續發展理念相契合的都市發展型態（Urban Form）如緊密都市（Compact City）及大眾運輸導向發展（Transit-Oriented Development, TOD）等，皆提出高密度之都市發展建議。但高密度都市發展可能引起採光及通風不良、景觀的惡化、個人隱私的侵害等潛在的負面影響。然而，過去文獻對於以都市規劃或設計，以減輕高密度建成環境對居民造成的負面影響甚少著墨。基此，本研究目的為分析都市計畫與設計元素對高建成環境的住宅居住品質的影響。研究方法為於虛擬的社區環境中，運用影響住宅建物的都市規劃與設計之元素，藉以建立不同住宅社區空間情境，進而分析個別規劃或設計元素對於居民與行人的不同居住品質指標的影響。主要分析工具包括ArcGIS、Google Sketchup，分析方法包括模擬分析、彈性係數計算。研究分別由居民及行人兩種觀點進行探討，結果顯示不同面相之都市設計元素的改變，在不同觀點之下，對於居住品質皆產生不同程度之影響，藉此有助於進一步了解各種都市設計元素與社區中居民及行人之間的關係，以作為未來都市設計工作及政策之參考。

觸控面板產業技術、市場快速發展，新廠商也不斷投入。在這樣的環境下，除了不斷降低成本外，企業該如何進行新產品開發，彈性、快速、有效的回應顧客需求與環境變化以獲取市場地位與競爭力為一值得研究的議題。 本研究以台灣的觸控面板廠商為研究對象，探討組織如何結合「內部」與「外部」資源，亦即如何以適切的組織結構以及網絡關係增強其新產品開發能力。研究結果如下：首先，A公司的新產品開發專案以流程而非部門為導向，產品開發流程上的各個部門都朝著最終目標同心協力的前進。第二，在B2B市場中，外部網絡廠商都有各自的發展方向與策略藍圖，如何適時與適度的結合彼此的目標與資源，使雙方創造雙贏的局面，是取得優勢的關鍵。最後，企業在發展外部網絡關係時，組織需設計相配合的機制，方能充分發揮效果。 / Facing fasting changing technology and market in the touch panel industry, an increasing number of firms still enter this industry. In addition to cost down, how new product development meet customers’ needs in an flexible, quick and efficient way to expand market share and attain competitive advantage is also becoming important issue in current era. This study is to analyze how touch panel firms in Taiwan integrate internal and external resources (i.e. organizational design and network relationship) to enhance the capability of new product development. There are several results in this research. First, the new product development project is process-based instead of function-based, which makes all departments can work with the same goal and cooperate with each other. Second, in the business to business market, firms within external networks have their own strategies and roadmaps. The ability to align the goals and resources with these firms in an effective way to achieve win-win situation is the key to success. Finally, when working with these firms in the external networks, firms need to design appropriate organizational mechanisms to get the best benefit of it.

近年來，台灣設計產業逐漸在世界嶄露頭角。2011年的「臺北世界設計大展」更是將台灣設計產業推進世界的國際舞臺中，並獲得各界的關注。隨著台灣政府積極的鼓勵及推動，有越來越多的人力及資源逐步投入到該產業中，興起了一波又一波的創業浪潮，形成新一波經濟成長的動力，也成為了目前台灣最重視的軟實力之一。 　　蓬勃的創業故能成為新經濟成長的動力，然，在面對瞬息萬變的環境、有限的資源以及激烈的競爭態勢下，新事業若要生存且嶄露頭角，則有賴於創業家不斷的創新，同時為市場創造新的價值。於此當中，「創業精神」更是創業家賴以生存的先決條件，故，有關「創業精神」的研究逐漸備受重視，相關文獻亦有增加之趨勢。然而，對於該議題之相關研究所涉過於廣泛零散，毫無統一性，且國內以設計產業為主軸作為探討的創業研究廖廖無幾，是故，本研究針對該議題進行系統性的分析，試圖建構出特屬於設計產業的創業精神研究架構，並以此架構進行訪談，共訪談了26家設計公司及30位設計創業家，續而進行資料分析，解析出設計產業相關環境現況之議題，同時釐清設計創業者該如何應對其所帶來之影響，以供後者借鑒之用。

新產品開發向來是企業維持成長之重要條件，特別在現今全球化及網際網路快速發展衝擊下，即使是跨國企業也難以個別力量即時、快速回應瞬息萬變的顧客需求、市場結構及技術競爭等挑戰；近年來企業紛紛透過協同開發模式，將部分、甚至全部的設計、研發、製造、運籌等功能委外，以求縮短開發時間、降低成本、甚至提高品質、提升競爭力，使企業得以不斷多樣化且快速在市場上推出新商品、新服務行銷全球；因此，協同開發已成為現今企業經營發展之重要議題，唯有透過即時、有效的協同運作，企業才能快速整合產品生命週期各階段的資源分配、組織變動及資訊溝通等作業，以創造協作網絡成員間最大利益。 / New Product Development has always been critical for company growth, facing the impact of mega speed from globalization and technology, even multinational enterprises could hardly respond to the intimidating challenge of various customer needs, market change and new technology competition individually. For the past decades, enterprises have been pushing forward outsourcing either partially or completely their design, R&D , logistics and many else to shorten lead time, to even make out better cost down and quality assurance that leads to stronger competitiveness in a way that the enterprises would be able to accelerate various new product launch and also fulfill the needs of global customer service. Collaborative product development is the key to activate all this and has been an important issue in modern business management. Through only instantly, effectively collaborative cooperation could enable enterprises to generate the maximum benefits via fast integration of resources allocation, organization transformation and information exchange from each stage of product life cycle. The existing research references referring to collaborative development are mostly generic evaluation, specific industry or detail case studies are rarely presented, especially the consumer health care industry that has been fast growing through recent years. This research reviews the new product development and commercialization process of 3M Consumer Health Care products in 2008. Through reference researches, stack holder interviewing and detailed information analysis, it points out key success factors of this collaborative development from the case study, and also uses it to review and discuss how it would affect in each stage of the new product commercialization with perspectives from both internal and external angles, and mostly to bring out the advice of new product collaborative development for consumer health care with best optimization of better effectiveness, quick-respond vendor collaboration and shorten lead time as a reference for industry. Keywords: Consumer Health care, Collaborative development, New Product commercialization.

根據Griffin(1997)所述，任何一個企業的起點都是成功地將一項新產品上市開始，而為了維持企業長期的獲利，企業必須持續開發及商業化其他成功的商品，或是至少也應該改良現有產品使其更符合顧客的需要。而上述這些行動都是屬於新產品設計與開發管理。由此可知，新產品設計開發與管理的重要性，不僅影響企業當下的競爭能力，更是關係企業長期的獲利能力，顯然新產品的設計開發與管理對於企業永續的生存發展十分重要。有鑒於此，本研究乃依循此重要觀念而進行，本研究乃從新產品開發的管理行動、個案公司對新產品開發的管理現況、未來管理模式與機制等三方向進行分析，以期益於個案公司新產品設計開發的管理績效與整體營運成長之目的。除此，本研究亦期經由本個案公司的深入探討，可提供學術研究與企業實務相關的參考，而利於光學產業與新產品設計開發與管理的研究領域之發展。

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一個好的產品根基於良好的設計。近年來台灣的設計能力備受國際的肯定，根據台灣創意設計中心統計，台灣產品獲得德國iF、Reddot、日本G-Mark、美國ＩＤＥＡ等四大設計獎的總數年年升高，從2002年的14件、2003年的16件，2004年躍升為53件，到2005年則更達上百件，2006年更創下146件的新紀錄。 設計創意源自於文化，設計的目的在於改進人類的生活品質，提升社會的文化層次。因此，設計師必須掌握社會文化的脈動，以做為設計的參考，並把它反應在設計上，才能形塑優質的生活文化。創意的工作源自於創意生活，台灣的工業設計團隊是如何設計其生活提案，又是如何營造創意團隊的工作型態，為本研究欲探討的主題。因此本研究著重探討創意工作與創意工作者的生活型態的關係以及創意工作與創意組織的工作型態的關係。 研究發現在工業設計組織當中，創意工作的產生與創意組織的工作型態及創意工作者的生活型態有著緊密的連結。創意工作前需要有工作者多元豐饒的生命史與生活體驗；創意工作需要在創新的組織氛圍以及創意的空間孕育之下才能有效滋長。 本研究依個案探討所得之研究發現與結論，針對工業設計組織及設計工作者做出以下七點建議。 一、 設計工作者應勇於接觸多元文化與體驗，寬闊生活視野。 二、 設計工作者應打開知覺，仔細體察「當下」。 三、 設計工作者在創意工作前應有創意生活。 四、 工業設計組織應促進創意團隊的多元異質性。 五、 工業設計組織應讓資訊和知識可以流通、匯集、共享。 六、 工業設計組織應塑造有助創意產生的工作環境。 七、 工業設計組織應容許冒險和失敗，鼓勵嘗試與突破現狀。