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澳門刑事和解制度初探 / Primary research on the criminal reconciliation system in Macau楊秀莉 January 2012 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
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論責任保險人之代行防禦及其利益衝突周碧雲 Unknown Date (has links)
責任保險之責任確定因涉及第三人之請求,致責任保險的給付對於被保險人而言,具有損害填補及保護權利之雙重機能。故除卻一般損害保險中所應負擔的給付保險金義務外,尚有可能須為被保險人承擔訴訟抗辯、和解協商等義務,而透過訴訟抗辯與和解協商之程序,一方面可確定保險賠償之金額,一方面亦可降低賠償之數額。
而保險人於訴訟抗辯及和解協商等防禦程序中,參與的程度及方式有所不同:可能隱於被保險人身後,僅負擔必要費用之支出,而由被保險人自行與第三人進行防禦之消極形式;或除負擔必要費用外,另提供被保險人自行防禦時所需之協助;亦可能採取更為積極的代行防禦形式,由保險人親自或其另聘律師,以被保險人的名義與被害人進行談判協商或訴訟抗辯。
由於保險人為損害事故最終應負責任之人,利害關係最大,且具有豐富的談判及協商經驗,又有財力聘請律師代為行之,由保險人為被保險人代行防禦,不僅勝算較大,亦可免除被保險人往來協商與訴訟所需耗費之勞力與時間,對被保險人的保障最為足夠。
又美國所採行之代行防禦制度,卻可能產生利益衝突之困擾,於保險人與被保險人之利害關係不一致或意見分歧時,保險人所做出之防禦決定,非必符合被保險人之期待或利益,因而美國法院及相關法規均曾提出相關的解決方式,包括獨立律師制度、律師行為準則及和解意見分歧時之判斷標準等,對代行防禦制度之推進具重大意義,應可作為我國保險法相關規定修正時之參考。
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中科三期環評訴訟中行政與司法的互動 / Interactions between the Executive and the Judiciary in EIA Litigation for the 3rd Phase Expansion of CTSP.林靖芝, Lin, Ching Chih Unknown Date (has links)
本研究關注中科三期環評訴訟中行政與司法的互動,主要的研究問題是探究行政系統如何回應司法判決?從而分析司法判決對於行政系統產生什麼影響?綜觀中科三期環評爭議,隨著后里農民提起行政訴訟,讓行政與司法間的攻防與角力就此展開。最高行政法院於2010年判決撤銷中科三期環評結論確定,然而科學園區的開發早已如火如荼展開,面對廠商營運、量產在即,但開發行為的合法性基礎卻被撤銷,迫使行政系統必須做出因應。然而,行政系統並未遵守司法判決「依法行政」,反而持續以「選擇性的作為與不作為」來抵抗司法。
從行政系統的因應可發現儘管行政權強力抗拒司法,但顧及政策必須持續推行,所以實際上亦不可能完全無視判決指摘,仍必須做出「行為上的調整」,包含:重啟環評、加速通過環評,或者又重新決議要進行二階環評等。顯示面對司法審查的進逼迫使其必須「繞道而行」。後續儘管法院再裁定中科三期應停工,行政系統仍未就範,而修修補補、只做半套的環評,不僅仍無法通過法院合法性的檢驗,也致使中科三期演變成「邊施工、邊營運、邊環評」的窘況。本研究主要採取的研究方法包含:次級資料分析、參與觀察、訪談法。
總結而言,本研究將指出行政系統的態度與偏好是司法判決能否落實的關鍵。相反的,司法則沒有什麼權力影響判決如何被執行。然而,儘管司法顯露出侷限性,始終未能有效牽制住中科三期的開發,但中科三期環評訴訟對於行政系統仍產生相當的衝擊與影響,不論是對環評制度實務或對於往後環境運動的發展,這場運動仍是有深遠影響的一股動能。 / As more and more administrative litigations were filed, tensions between the executive and the judiciary branch have been on the rise. By using the environmental impact assessment (EIA) litigation of the 3rd phase expansion of Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) as a case study, this paper aims to understand the dynamic interaction between these two branches of the state. Particularly, it aims to shed light on how the executive reacts to judicial decisions, and whether judicial review influences bureaucratic practices and if so, its means and the extent of its impact.
According to the separation of powers principle, the main function of judicial review is to monitor the legal reach of the executive power. Even as one of the landmark cases in Taiwanese legal history, however, it had been observed that not all judicial decisions are implemented by government agencies following the EIA litigation. Despite the fact that the conclusion of the EIA had been rejected by the Supreme Administrative Court, the executive resisted this judicial decision by being selective in its enforcement. Nevertheless, the executive must still respond to the judiciary albeit with some “behavioural adjustments” in order to make sure that the development of the 3rd phase expansion of CTSP can be completed as soon as possible.
Research methods adopted in this paper is mainly literature review, participant observation and in-depth interview. This case study reveals three major findings. First, the enforcement of judicial decisions is not necessarily obligatory and hinges on the attitudes of the executive. Secondly, the judiciary has very limited powers when it comes to effecting the enforcement of its decisions but its decisions do engender some observable changes (or non-changes) in bureaucratic behaviour which can be attributed to judicial review. Thirdly, although these verdicts failed to stop the abuse of power and allowed the fulfillment of rights, for local residents, cause lawyers, and NGOs, there are still many positive lessons to be taken away from their efforts from which future environmental movements will also likely benefit.
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董監事及重要職員責任保險之需求因素路徑分析 / Path Analysis of Determinants of Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance陳儀衿, Chen, Yi Chin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究針對國內2008至2012年非金融業之上市上櫃公司,探討董監事及重要職員責任保險之需求因素,並研究這些需求因素之彼此關連性,形成董監事責任保險之需求因素路徑分析,最後根據實證結果建立路徑圖。
研究結果顯示,股東總數、公司規模、董監事持股比例、外部持股比例和獨立董監事比例,對董監事責任保險金額呈顯著正相關;董事長兼任總經理與董監事責任保險金額呈顯著負相關。經理人持股比例、資產報酬率和負債比率因樣本分配較分散,迴歸分析受極端值影響,導致在統計結果中不顯著。此外,董監報酬若對董監事責任保險金額採單一迴歸時,具有顯著相關。但在路徑分析中,會因受其他變數影響,導致不具相關性。 / Based on a sample of firms, except for financial companies, listed in Taiwan Securities Exchange and Gre Tai Securities Market over the period of 2008-2012, this study examines the determinants of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and the cause-effect relations among these determinants which are presented by path diagram.
The empirical result indicates that the number of shareholders, size, directors’ and supervisors’ ownership, outsider ownership, and percentage of independent directors and supervisors in the board of directors are positively related to the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The chief executive officer as the chairman of the board is negatively associated with the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The manager ownership, return on asset, debt ratio and the directors’ and supervisors’ reward are not related to the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.
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論我國民事鑑定制度之法理基礎-兼論囑託鑑定之妥當性 / Guiding principle of expert testimony in civil procedure of ROC - including appropriateness of expert testimony given by agency or organization楊理安, Yang, Li An Unknown Date (has links)
由於時代變遷與社會思潮的急劇變動,現今之民事訴訟充斥著各種現代型紛爭案件,在各種專家參與的形式中,鑑定制度可謂我國民事訴訟法制中存在最久、且利用最多之模式。職此,完善且令人信服之鑑定制度,在涉及高度專業性爭議之案件中,對於負責主張並提出事證之當事人,或負責確定事實、適用法律之審判者,均具有相當程度之重要性。
本論文將介紹民事鑑定制度之發展過程、趨勢,並說明民事訴訟上鑑定制度之定位、鑑定人之選任程序及相關議題。藉由鑑定制度之程序、鑑定之效力、鑑定與類似制度之比較等問題討論,試圖勾勒出我國民事鑑定制度於現行法下之輪廓。針對建構我國民事鑑定制度之法理基礎,本文亦試圖從四個面向為描述,包括合法聽審權保障之要求、鑑定人之中立性要求、訴訟經濟之要求及真實發現之要求等,並試圖將現行法及實務見解下,已被承認或應被承認之當事人程序權利,以及各種基於上開法理基礎之制度設計,予以論述,並深化上開法理要求之內涵。
次以,本文將介紹美國專家證人制度及其相關問題,並與我國鑑定制度為比較,期能尋獲值得借鏡之處。並為改善我國鑑定制度提供另一途徑與方向。此部分除試圖與前開所歸納出之法理基礎為呼應,更思考彼邦制度設計背後之理念,是否適合及如何運用於我國體系。
末者,本文亦試圖將前面章節之研究所得,用以檢視現行實務常見之囑託機關鑑定之若干問題。包括介紹囑託機關鑑定之意義及定位、其與一般自然人鑑定之區異,囑託機關鑑定之優缺點、存在必要性及囑託機關鑑定是否已牴觸鑑定制度之若干基礎法理,造成民事訴訟理想之部分退讓,而有檢討、調整之必要。
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一九八九年至一九九九年國際法院成案之研究—實體法與程序法層面之分析 / Cases Studies of International Court of Justice from 1989 to 1999 : Analysis on views of substantive and procedural law黃志揚, Huang, Chih-Yang Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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著作權集體管理團體刑事訴追之妥適性檢驗--以電腦伴唱機產業為例 / The Appropriateness of Copyright Collective Management Organizations in Copyright Criminal Suit Complaint -- Analysis of Karaoke Suitcases陳姿縈, Chen, Tzu Ying Unknown Date (has links)
著作權集體管理團體制度,係集結多數具有著作權之權利人,透過集中管理著作的方式,節省著作權人與利用人為利用著作所需耗費之授權成本,便使利用人合法利用著作,達到鼓勵著作利用之效果。我國由於著作權集體管理制度之設計容許多元團體進行著作管理,目前合法設立的著作權集體管理團體共有五間,所管理之權利均是與音樂產業相關的著作類型及最常受利用之智慧財產權,雖利於著作權人自由選擇代管其權利之單位,卻也同時造成民眾辨識不易之困擾,又因為對於瞭解著作權規範之權利類型不夠瞭解,導致時有違法利用並拒絕授權之情形,著作權集體管理團體在執行授權業務時,則選擇以發動刑事追訴程序,嚇阻及降低此種情形並提高授權成效。
然音樂著作公開演出之利用行為深入廣大民眾的生活常態,卻在有民事侵權責任之同時以刑事責任相繩,似與刑事處罰之規範目的不符,本文透過維根斯坦之家族相似性連結其與刑法規範間之關聯性,檢討擅自公開演出罪之可罰性,複就大量涉及公開演出權使用之電腦伴唱機業者為例,分析著作權集體管理團體刑事訴訟發動之情形,認其之訴訟發動未違背刑事訴訟之制度設計,然觀其發動之緣由,係因成本考量所選擇之授權策略,遂經由行銷管理分析模組,設計較利於著作權集體管理團體之授權模式,希冀主管機關經濟部智慧財產局在不影響授權市場之公平交易情形下,得酌情開放授權業務予著作權集體管理團體以外之單位,以使著作權體管理團體得有較開啟刑事訴追程序更低之授權成本選項,而減少刑事訴追發動之案件量,進而具體改善現今著作權刑事訴追數量及案件品質。
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行政機關改制國營事業之行政法律關係問題—以桃園國際機場之案例研究為中心 / Administrative Legal Relations of State-owned Enterprises in Restructuring of Administrative Organs-Focusing on Case Studies of Taoyuan International Airport朱曉芬, Chu, Hsiao-Fen Unknown Date (has links)
在現今與時俱進的社會中,為了達成多樣化的行政目的,會選擇以其他新型態的組織體代替傳統之行政組織來進行行政任務。在現行之組織體中,可供選擇的組織態樣包括行政機關、行政法人、國營事業以至於民營企業。至於該選擇哪一種組織型態以符合其行政目的,沒有一定的標準,法律亦無明文規定,原則上政府有選擇何種型態為最佳的權利。
在桃園航空站改制成國營公司之後,從原本得行使公權力之行政機關,變成無公權力可行使之機構。在其改制之後,對公司內部人員之法律關係,以及對外部組織之合作關係,是否發生變化?又這些變化是否會影響其相關業務之執行?又國營事業仍屬政府掌控及監督之組織,如有侵害人民相關權利及利益,是否有國家賠償法之適用?是否可以尋求行政爭訟以資救濟?這些問題都是本文欲探討之處。
桃園國際機場的改制,只是政府將交通建設進行企業化管理的第一步。台灣尚有十六個機場,如欲進行改制,在法制面上應注意哪些事項,而桃園國際機場是否應進一步走向民營化,也將作為本文之結論。 / In order to achieve diversified administrative purposes, the government will choose the other new types of organizations for administrative tasks to replace the traditional administrative organizations with this time. Among the different type of organizations currently in operation, alternative organizational forms include administrative organs, independent administrative institution, state-owned enterprises and private-owned enterprises. There is no certain standard regarding to which type of organization to choose for the administrative purposes, and there is no express statutory provision in the law. In principle, the government has the right to choose which one is the best choice.
After Taoyuan Airport was transformed into a state-owned company, the change is from the executive organ that originally had to exercise public power turned into an organization that could exercise no public authority. After its restructuring, is there any change of the legal relationship of the company's internal staff, as well as the cooperation with external organizations? Will these changes affect the implementation of its related business? Owing to the state-owned enterprise still an organization which controlled and supervised by the government, is there any application of the State Compensation Law if it infringes on people's rights and interests? Otherwise, can we seek administrative litigation in order to provide relief? These questions will be explored in the text.
The reform of Taoyuan International Airport is only the first step toward the government-led management of transport construction. There are still 16 airports in Taiwan. To reform the system, what matters should be noted on the legal system and whether the airport should be further privatized, these 2 issues will be the conclusion of this article.
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移転価格税制における多国籍企業への独立企業原則適用の困難性とその解決 : 租税訴訟での課題と租税条約上の相互協議での解決可能性の考察角田, 伸広, TSUNODA, Nobuhiro 30 September 2011 (has links)
博士(経営法) / 甲第658号 / 241p
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口頭弁論終結後の承継人に対する遮断効とその正当化根拠に関する考察盧, 惟揚 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第23657号 / 法博第277号 / 新制||法||174(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 笠井 正俊, 教授 山本 克己, 教授 山田 文 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM
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