就現階段的企業經營型態而言，專業人才的良窳以及培育訓練可能遠勝於公司有形資產的多寡，這種情形在高科技產業尤其明顯。企業為了留住優秀人才，必須提供許多激勵措施。就我國企業而言，最普遍的激勵措施是員工分紅配股制度。然而，在此制度下，容易產生員工短視近利的缺失。歐美等國較常採行所謂的股票選擇權制度，由於此種制度具有激勵未來的特性，屬於「長期的激勵因子」，更能使員工與股東的利益趨於一致。因此，財政部為順應高科技產業的需求，於民國八十九年准許上市公司實施員工股票選擇權制度，此制度開放後，勢必影響到我國企業對於員工長短期激勵誘因的最適決策。 　本文的主要目的在於利用訊息理論中的「代理模型」，探討股東與員工雙方在「訊息不對稱」下，股東如何設計最適的員工激勵契約。站在股東極大化期望財富的立場，建構一套綜合現金、股票以及股票選擇權的理論模型，並經由模型運算推演，試圖達到下列的研究目的：(1) 在長短期激勵誘因契約下，分別推導出最適員工誘因強度、最適基本薪資以及最適員工努力水準；(2) 比較長短期激勵誘因的最適員工努力水準，驗證股票選擇權制度是否具有提高員工努力程度的激勵效果；(3) 站在股東與員工各自追求期望財富極大化的立場，探討雙方對長短期誘因制度的偏好。 　經由模型分析，可得到以下幾點結論：(1) 員工努力程度不受長短期激勵誘因的影響，股票選擇權的作用或許只在於留住人才以及加深員工對公司的忠誠度；(2) 股東在擬定最適長短期激勵誘因強度時，必須考量公司股本大小、員工對風險的趨避態度、努力投入的成本係數以及景氣波動對公司未來收益的影響；(3) 影響員工最適認股權證比率的大小，除了上述提到的因素外，還包括認股權證的避險比率，股東可以藉由觀察公司股價的高低，以協助長短期激勵誘因的決策擬定；(4) 股東與員工基於期望財富極大化的立場，對於長短期誘因契約的偏好會產生利益不一致的現象，雙方面臨的是一場無法達到雙贏局面的零合遊戲。

No description available.

本研究主要探討股票股利宣告與公司股價間之關係，期間涵蓋自民國八十年至民國八十四年止，共五年期間，以台灣證券市場上市公司宣告股票股利事件為研究對象，計九十六個樣本，另再依股票股利率增加、不變或減少，分成三小組，做進一步研究。研究方法為，採SHARP市場模式估計應有之均衡報酬，再計算平均異常報酬AR與累積平均異常報酬CAR，分析董事會決議日前後二十日的股票異常報酬之變化情形，另再探討造成三組之間不同異常報酬反應程度的原因為何。 　　實證結果顯示： 　　一、股票股利宣告日當天有顯著之異常報酬存在，顯示此一宣告事件具有情報效果，但消息在宣告日前便已被洩漏。 　　二、台灣股票市場不具半強式效率，投資人可自已公開之資訊中賺得異常報酬。 　　三、股票股利率的變動將造成市場不同反應程度之異常報酬，具有不同之情報效果。股票股利率增加時，較支持AR大於零之情報內容。 　　四、影響事件日異常報酬之因素，以股票股利率與由營運而來的現金流量較顯著。 　　五、股票股利率增加時在宣告日有正的顯著異常報酬，主要影響因素為股票股利率，影響方向為正，次要影響因素為由營運而來之現金流量，影響方向為負。股票股利率不變時，雖有正的異常報酬，但並不顯著，主要影響因素為由營運而來之現金流量，影響方向為負。股票股利率減少時，宣告日異常報酬由正轉負，主要影響因素為股票股利率，影響方向為正。

民國八十九年七月，政府通過施行庫藏股交易制度，並於民國九十年十一月明令禁止子公司買回母公司股票。本研究欲藉由實證研究方式探討該期間兩交易之關聯性。研究結果顯示：(1)庫藏股交易動機基本上符合股價低估假說及資本結構調整假說；子公司買回母公司股票交易動機基本上符合護盤假說。(2)買回庫藏股票公司的後續盈餘比買回前更佳；被子公司買回之母公司的後續盈餘則不比買回前更佳。再次支持兩交易買回動機分別為股價低估假說及護盤假說。(3)不論庫藏股交易或子公司買回母公司股票交易，交易期間的異常股價報酬與異常盈餘反應顯著成正向關係。表示市場投資人能正確反應公司之盈餘表現。(4)以觀察期內同時進行兩交易的公司為樣本進行研究，發現庫藏股制度對子公司買回母公司股票交易不僅無抑制作用，反而呈現同向變動。 / The listed firms in Taiwan were legally allowed to repurchase outstanding shares while the cross investment in parent company's stocks by subsidiary firms was not prohibited during the period of July 2000-November 2001. This study investigates the relationship between repurchases and cross investments in this period. 　　The findings of the study are as follows. First, the motivation of the subsidiary company's cross investments in parent company's stocks is to manipulate stock price because the unexpected quarterly earnings over the announcement quarter and the subsequent quarter are not found. However, the repurchases are motivated by stock undervaluation. Second, the empirical results show that a positive relation between abnormal returns and unexpected quarterly earnings are found in both repurchases and cross investments. This illuminates the fact that investors are able to distinguish the economic substance of repurchase from that of the cross investments. Finally, there is no substitute effect of repurchases on cross investments.

我國於94年6月22日公布修正後之公司法，正式賦予公司召開股東會時，得採行書面或電子方式供股東行使表決權之法律依據，期能使我國之公司治理與股東權益維護能與國際接軌；惟「股東會電子投票」制度，歷經元大京華證券股份有限公司、台灣總合股務處理股份有限公司及台灣集中保管結算所股份有限公司三個平台之建置，仍然未被各上市、櫃公司廣為採用，即使偶有採用者，其投票總權數占總股份之比例多數未及1%，顯示成效不彰。另2010年10月的亞洲公司治理協會(Asian Corporate Governance Association)年會，提出了最新一份的「CG Watch」報告，在這份報告中，ACGA指出我國推動股權權益的狀況上較前次調查類似，並未有太大改善，比如公司對國外投資人「通訊投票」、「分割投票」權益的行使，相關法規及配套仍不夠完備，而針對「通訊投票」得分，在歷次的評分中，我國都是敬陪末座，可以說，這幾年來此一核心問題並未被重視並獲得具體的改善。 基此本研究將以股東會通訊投票之法令、制度為經，佐以實務之見解為緯，參考外國經驗，藉由分析現行之問題並勾勒未來推動之建議供各界參考。本研究除分析我國股東會之基本概念、表決權行使方式、委託書之使用，並藉由對美、日兩國股東會制度及實務之探討，一窺國際之現況及未來發展之趨勢。另針對我國股東會通訊投票制度與現況進行背景說明，並介紹我國通訊投票下書面投票與電子投票之架構及現況，最後分析我國電子投票採用率偏低之原因。 此外，針對美、日、台三國股東會通訊投票制度分別由法規制度面、股東權益面、公司執行面及電子投票實務面進行比較，最後並提出對相關主事者之建議及對後續研究者未來研究方向之建議，以期經由各界之腦力激盪，共同為我國的資本市場國際化而努力。 / The amendment of Taiwan Company Act in June 22nd, 2005, upon its release, granted each shareholder the legitimate right to cast his/her vote by both written and electronic means in shareholders’ meetings. This amendment is menat to bring Taiwan’s corporate governance and shareholder rights in line with the international practice. However, with the limited use of no more than 1% voting rights of most listing and over-the-counter (OTC) companies on the three voting forums established by Yuanta Core Pacific Securities Co., Ltd., Taiwan Integrated Shareholder Service Company and Taiwan Depository & Clearing Corporation, the attempt has been proven unsuccessful. In addition, the latest “CG Watch” report, submitted during the 2010 Asian Governance Association annual conference held in October, has suggested that, similar to the previous reports, shareholder rights of Taiwan-based companies have not been improved outstandingly. For instance, the exercise of “postal voting” and “vote splitting” upon foreign investors of Taiwan-based companies has been restricted due to the flaws in the domestic voting system and regulations. Also, in the report, a constant low rating in “postal voting” for the Taiwan-based companies simply hints that the core issue has never been properly valued nor concretely improved. Based on the suggestions in the previous paragraph, this research paper provides an overview of the laws and the regulations of the postal voting system. The paper also includes opinions on practical needs and comparison from foreign experiences. By means of analyzing our current issues, the research draws an outline of the propositions for trends of the future development. Apart from analyzing the basic concepts of shareholders’ meetings held by some Taiwan-based companies, exercise of voting rights, and use of proxy forms, the research also peeks into the current situation around the globe and the future trends by consulting the system and the practical needs of shareholders’ meetings in the U.S. and Japan. As for the postal voting system and the current situation in Taiwan, the research provides a background illustration by introducing the structure and the current status of printed ballot voting and electronic voting under our postal voting framework. In conclusion, the paper points out the reasons for limited use of electronic voting in Taiwan. Finally, the research measures postal voting systems in the U.S., Japan and Taiwan from aspects of the laws and regulations, the shareholder rights, the corporate execution and the practical needs. In the end, in order for the effort of internationalization upon domestic capital market, the research eventually proposes the solutions for the related personnel in charge and the follow-up research direction for future researchers.

本論文以2010年6月底仍存續之36間本國銀行為研究對象，以2006年第一季至2010年第二季為研究期間，首先探討金控銀行是否因異業整合，具經濟規模優勢，使銀行業務多角化，而提升經營績效；並進一步分析，資本適足率與銀行經營績效間之關係。最後，本論文從股權結構探討官股銀行與非官股銀行在經營績效上的差異。 本論文之主要實證結果顯示，研究期間台灣銀行業的獲利表現受到金融風暴影響。對金控銀行而言，資本適足率與獲利能力間呈正向關係。金控銀行放款成長率及投資成長率與獲利能力呈負向關係，表示透過多角化業務發展對金控銀行獲利有所幫助。針對官股銀行與非官股銀行獲利表現之探討，實證結果顯示其差異並未達顯著水準，表示非官股銀行與官股銀行的經營績效差異不顯著。 / Using a sample of 36 local banks in Taiwan over the period of March 2006 to June 2010, this thesis first investigates empirically that the effects of integration and diversification on operating performance of banks resulting from the formation of their financial holding companies (holding banks). In addition, this thesis also examines that the impact of capital adequacy ratio on operating performance. And finally, based on the ownership structure perspective, this thesis investigates the difference in operational performance between state-owned banks and non-state-owned banks. The empirical results indicate that the financial crisis has a negative impact on the return of banks’ asset during the research period. The capital adequacy ratio is positively related to the operating performance of holding banks, while the growth in loan and investment of holding banks is negatively related to the operating performance. The results therefore implies that the diversification of the banking businesses probably enhance operating performance of holding banks. With respect to the findings regarding the effect of ownership structure on performance, this thesis fail to provide significant evidence. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in operating performance between the non-state-own banks and the state-own banks.

在法人格獨立之原則下，公司對董事、監察人是否提起訴訟，原則上應由公司之意思機關決定，並由公司之代表人代表公司進行。然而，當公司內部機關失靈，代表人怠於為公司行使權利時，我國公司法在第214條以下訂立少數股東例外情形下可代位公司對不法之董事提起訴訟之代表訴訟制度。但我國現行公司法下之股東代表訴訟制度，存有起訴之門檻過高、起訴股東負擔之訴訟風險與成本過大之重大缺失，導致實務上甚少股東代表訴訟之實際案例。因此，立法者於民國98年增訂證券投資人及期貨交易人保護法(下稱投保法)第10條之1，使財團法人證券及期貨交易人保護中心(下稱投保中心)可以自己名義為公司提起代表訴訟，不受公司法起訴門檻之限制。探究增定投保法第10條之1之背景可能係考量目前環境仍不適合全面免除少數股東提起代表訴訟之起訴門檻，以避免股東濫行起訴而影響公司正常經營。故立法者藉由具有公益性質之投保中心，在主管機關之監理下，於投資人保護法限制之範圍內對公司之不法董事或監察人提起代表訴訟，以追求小股東權益之維護與公司經營利益與董事、監察人負擔責任三者間最大平衡。 然而，立法者於公司法之外，另於投保法制訂股東代表訴訟之制度，將產生投保中心提起之股東代表訴訟在雙軌制度下是否回歸適用公司法規定之爭議。又股東代表訴訟制度於投保法修法後仍存有許多爭議，投保法第10條之1之規定僅解決起訴誘因不足之問題。縱透過投保中心依投保法規定代位公司起訴，投保中心提起之代表訴訟亦存有維護公司利益與維護公益之內涵是否一致之爭議。又投保中心提起之股東代表訴訟常遇到證據偏在造成舉證困難之問題，縱以刑事附帶民事程序方式提起訴訟，仍存有訴訟程序進度緩慢，且刑事判決認定之結果難以解決民事求償程序中具體判斷公司之損害現今是否仍然存在、損害範圍為何及有無重大性之問題。是本文除在第五章介紹投保法現行規範及實務運作之狀況外，另於第六章透過英美法制之比較，針對股東代表訴訟中當事人之範圍、其他股東之程序保障、內部救濟程序先行之效力三大爭議進行我國現行股東代表訴訟制度之檢討，冀希能作為未來股東代表訴訟修法方向之參考。

公司治理之發展是國際注目潮流，OECD已指明「保障股東權益」是公司治理一項重要內容，而公司治理原則下的「股東行動主義」，是鼓勵股東參與公司治理。近年經營權之爭，公司派「依法」操控股東會之特殊現象時有耳聞，而架空股東會議事的亂象，使得維護股東權益變成空談。 有鑒於此，筆者擬在探究公司派架空股東會議事的內容後，分別由股務作業、股東會議事程序、委託書統計驗證與表決票(選舉票)封存作業與證據保全等方面，進一步提出改良股東會議事的策略，以求實踐公司治理的願景。 / It is an international trend to pay much attention to corporate governance. OECD identified that a corporate governance framework should protect and facilitate the exercise of shareholders’ rights. One of the shareholders’ rights is to participate in, and to be sufficiently informed on, decisions concerning fundamental corporate changes. Shareholders’ activism exists only while legal and regulatory requirements that affect corporate governance practices should be consistent with the rule of law, transparent and enforceable. However, many controlling shareholders “legally” manipulated agendas and resolutions of shareholders’ meetings for the past years. In this way, shareholders’ rights could be nothing and there were little corporate governance remained. Therefore, after analyzing how controlling shareholders manipulated in shareholders’ meetings, this thesis proposed strategies to improve the law on shareholders’ meetings. Such strategies included the aspects of (1) stock affairs, (2) procedures for shareholders’ meetings, (3) proxies tally and verification and (4) perpetuation on used voting slips or ballots. The author was expecting that there will be better legal basis to push ahead corporate governance for public companies in Taiwan.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

本研究欲探究個股新聞影響台灣股票市場之關係，透過蒐集宏達電、台積電與鴻海等三間上市公司從2012年6月至2013年5月的歷史交易資料和個股新聞，使用文字探勘技術找出各新聞內容的特徵，再透過歷史資料、技術分析指標與kNN和2-way kNN演算法將新聞先做分類後分群，建立預測模型，分析新聞對股價漲跌的影響與程度，以及漲跌幅度較高之群集與股價漲跌和轉折的關係。 研究結果發現，加入技術分析指標後能夠提升分類的準確率，而漲跌類別內的分群能夠界定各群集與股價漲跌之間的關係，且漲跌幅度較高之群集的分析則能大幅提升投資準確率至80%左右，而股價轉折點之預測則能提供一個明確的投資進場時間點，並確保當投資人依照此預測模型的結果進行7交易日投資時，可以在風險極低的前提下，穩當且迅速的獲取2.82%至22.03%不等的投資報酬。 / This study investigated the relation that the stock news effect on Taiwan Stock Market. Through collected the historical transaction data and stock news from July, 2012 to May, 2013, and use text mining、kNN Classification and 2-Way kNN Clustering technique analyzing the stock news, build a forecast model to analyze the degree of news effect on the stock price, and find the relation between the cluster which has great degree and the reversal points of stock price. The result shows that using the change range and Technical Indicator rise classification’s accuracy, and clustering in the ”up” group and “down” group can identify the range stock price move, and rise the invested accuracy up to about 80 percent. The forecast of reversal points of stock price offers a specific time to invest, and insure the investors who execute a 7 trading day investment depend on this model can get 2.82 to 22.03 percent return reliably and quickly with low risk.