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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

委託書爭奪戰,經營權變動對股東財富之影響

王文玫 Unknown Date (has links)
公司法規定股東會必須半數以上股東出席,那麼上市公司欲召開股東會就必須設法湊足半數以上股權。湊不足的,只有收購股票和收購委託書兩種方法,而收購委託書是台灣地區最常使用也是成本最低的一種方法,委託書在台灣已成為經營權之爭的常見的工具之一。所以本篇研究希望透過委託書爭奪和經營權異動來探討兩者對於投資人的影響,希望能藉此研究提供給投資人正確的觀念。 本篇研究以民國76年至85年的委託書爭奪樣本為研究對象,利用事件研究法來探討在不同事件窗(event window)內的累積異常報酬。 事件窗的劃分如下: 宣告初期:反對派首次活動宣告日前20天至宣告日後第5天 宣告後期: 宣告日後第6天至股東大會日 爭奪戰期間: 宣告日前20天至股東大會日 爭奪後期: 股東大會日至一年後 本文主要研究目的有下列三點: 一、 探討委託書爭奪戰在不同事件窗內的股東財富效果。 二、探討委託書爭奪戰導致經營權異動(董事長及總經理),是否會對於股東財富有所影響。 三、探討在法規更改前後對股東財富之影響 實證結果如下: 一、 總樣本在宣告初期有顯著正的累積異常報酬,在宣告後期有顯著負的累積異常報酬,爭奪戰期間並無顯著異於零的累積異常報酬, 事件後期間有顯著負的累積異常報酬。 二、 經營權異動的樣本公司在宣告初期有顯著正的累積異常報酬,在宣告後期有顯著負的累積異常報酬, 爭奪戰期間並無顯著異於零的累積異常報酬, 事件後期間有顯著負的累積異常報酬。 三、 經營權無異動的樣本公司在宣告初期內無顯著的累積異常報酬,在宣告後期有顯著負的累積異常報酬, 爭奪戰期間有顯著負的累積異常報酬, 事件後期間有顯著負的累積異常報酬。 四、 經營權異動的樣本公司與經營權無異動的樣本公司在宣告初期及爭奪戰期間之累積異常報酬有顯著差異, 經營權異動樣本公司之累積異常報酬大於經營權無異動的樣本公司之累積異常報酬。 五、 法規修改後的累積異常報酬在宣告初期、宣告後期、爭奪戰期間及事件後期間皆顯著大於法規修改前的累積異常報酬。 總而言之,委託書爭奪事件對於股東財富在宣告日前後(宣告日前20天至後5天)有顯著正面的影響,而此正面影響主要來自於經營權有所異動的樣本,意即經營權異動的樣本公司在宣告初期有顯著正的異常報酬,表示投資人在爭奪事件過程中對於樣本公司經營權異動抱持正面的態度。而在爭奪戰事件後,經營權有異動與無異動樣本公司皆有顯著負的累積異常報酬,表示無論經營權有無異動,樣本公司經營績效皆無顯著的改善。法規的修改,雖然有利於公司當權者,相較之下,投資人好像喪失部份監督的工具,但是實證結果指出,法規的修改確實顯著有利於投資人。 表 次 3 圖 次 4 第一章 緒論 5 第一節 研究動機 5 第二節 研究目的 7 第三節 論文架構 9 第四節 研究限制 10 第二章 文獻探討 11 第一節 國外文獻 11 第二節 國內研究 28 第三章 研究方法 33 第一節 資料來源 33 第二節 樣本選取 33 第三節 研究方法 36 第四章 研究結果 43 第一節 樣本分析 43 第二節 委託書爭奪對股東財富之影響 48 第三節 經營權異動對於股東財富之影響 51 第四節 法規修正對股東財富之影響 57 第五章 結論與建議 62 第一節 結論 62 第二節 建議 64 參考文獻 67 附錄 71
2

股東會委託書價購可行性之法律經濟分析 / Vote Buying in Shareholders' Meetings: From the Perspective of the Economic Analysis of Law

吳昆泰 Unknown Date (has links)
我國初期因認為不應限制人民財產權,並無禁止價購委託書規範,直到價購委託書成為有心人士不當取得經營權的工具,在爆發高雄企銀事件成為社會事件,造成存款流失,影響營運安全,引起社會大眾的高度關注後,主管機關才趁勢毅然決然的硬性規定禁止價購股東會委託書。制訂規則的理由為表決權屬共益權性質、支出與鼓勵不對等,先進國家多採禁止價購委託書等,另外,主管機關亦認為外部股東易在入主公司後惡意進行掏空行為,但如此的判斷似乎過於片面及武斷。 本研究以文獻探討及經濟分析方法進一步探討以下幾個問題: 一、股東會紀念品的發放由公司派決定品項、規格及價格,是否為另類的委託書價購?禁止股東委託書價購,卻同意公司派的股東利用公司資金「合法價購」,是否造成不公平競爭現象? 二、主管機關對於禁止股東會委託書價購的相關措施是否已經達到妥善管理的境界? 三、針對股東會委託書價購是否有更好管理措施? 而推導出的結論為股東會委託書並非洪水猛獸,但"掌握委託書等於掌握股東會主導權",因此本研究認為股東會委託書的管理如同大禹治水,有效且規畫的疏導遠勝於短視的築堤防堵,一味的防堵,只是讓這個必須存在的供需市場轉移至檯面下運作。雖先進國家目前未有全面開放委託書之先例,但每個國家的資本市場結構不同,也造就了不同的投資民族性,我國的證券主管機關若能找出妥善管理的方式修改法令,或許也是讓我國成為其他國家學習典範的契機。
3

股東行動主義與惡意併購個案之研究 / Case study on the shareholder activist and hostile takeover in Taiwan

賴燕玲, Lai, Yen Ling Unknown Date (has links)
股東權益與意見在公司治理中屬重要一環,否則少數公司決策者(例如董事會或公司的CEO)會過度左右企業資源的分配,甚至發生浪費、貪污等代理問題,進而損及小股東權益,甚至勞工權益。本論文以公司治理的基本概念及架構為基礎,並以惡意併購的個案作為案例,探討並說明股東行動主義的經濟與法律意涵。其中,主要就「金融控股公司依金融控股公司法申請轉投資審核原則」法規設計,選擇具代表性個案,探討個案公司於股東治理的基礎規範與相關運作程序,包括非合意併購、委託書爭奪戰等相關法律問題。若根據目前台灣上市/櫃公司,其公司治理的實施狀況,許多法律學者均認為職業股東屬必要之罪,委託書是在目前公司所有權與經營權不分下,可能的外部監督力量。目前台灣委託書的相關規定過於保護大股東、公司派,導致小股東的權益受到一定程度的損害。若能自由化委託書收購,並且讓委託書可以在自由市場買賣,如此所創造的市場機制,據委託書的價格及外部市場機制,對於台灣過度依賴大股東或管理階層的公司治理結構會產生顯著改善效果,有效提升公司治理。本論文所選擇的個案公司,可以充分顯現上述這些方面的法律與經濟意涵。另外一個好的金融控股公司合併政策有賴一個健全之法律制度加以配套。針對金控公司是否得以所謂非合意併購達成合併之目的,金管會僅以行政命令「金融控股公司依金融控股公司法申請轉投資審核原則」與「公開收購公開發行公司有價證券管理辦法」作為主要法源,在法律上之位階上似乎有將行政命令之位階提高至法律位階之必要,本文以個案公司為例探討其相關法律問題。 關鍵字:公司治理、委託書、非合意併購、代理理論、價購委託書 / Shareholder’s interests play an important role in corporate governance. Otherwise, few decision-makers (ex. Board members, directors, etc) might misuse corporate assets and abuse in related party transactions in which interests of minority shareholders and employees will be jeopardized. This thesis will explore synergies of shareholder’s activism based on basic concepts and framework of corporate governance. In particular, case studies will focus on related regulations and practicable mechanisms of corporate governance in which certain legal issues, such as hostile takeover and proxy battle, will be elaborated based on ‘Principles of supervising investment application from financial holding companies’. Related regulations of proxy rights in Taiwan tend to protect interests of major shareholders and result in negative impacts of minority shareholders. If purchase offers of proxy could be freely traded in public, marketing mechanisms will balance the distortion of major shareholders and enhance the essence of corporate governance effectively. Case studies in this thesis therefore will reflect the above-mentioned legal and business implications. In addition, merge policies of financial conglomerate need supplementally sound regulations. In Taiwan, legal sources in financial holding companies are based on “Principles of supervising investment application from financial holding companies “ and “Regulations Governing Tender Offers for Purchase of the Securities of a Public Company “ issued by Financial Supervisory Committee of Executive Yuan. Positions of legal sources, in which case studies will be reviewed, seemingly need to be upgraded from administrative to legal level. Key word: Corporate Governance, Proxy,Hostile takeover,Agency Theory, Proxy Buying
4

我國股東會電子化之成效及委託書制度對企業經營權競爭之影響-以國票金與開發金為個案 / Future prospect for electronic proxy in accordance with the influence of corporate governance

王貴增, Wang, Kuei Tseng Unknown Date (has links)
由國內相關研究來看,探討委託書之相關議題,如委託書對於股東的財富影響、委託書所造成之案例等研究,其資料頗為豐富,是一個多實證研究及多社會興趣的主題,且近年來,有關委託書徵求所引發之經營權爭議亦是層出不窮。故本論文主要乃將偏向為國內委託書制度尚可以改善之方向進行探討,將以我國委託書制度與國外制度之比較之差異及可以參酌改進之地方做一論述。另發現針對近年來國內興起股東會電子化之規範及成效研究部份更是微乎其微,是故亦將股東會電子化之成效研究納入本論文主軸,期待以提供一個簡單、便利、安全及隱密的電子平台,使投資人的意見可充分反應,亦無遭篡改之虞,亦可使國內近年來委託書之爭議有所改善,再輔以近年來較具爭議之委託書競爭行為分析,以說明委託書之規範若不嚴謹時將對小股東造成之損害。 / During these few years, proxy has been a tool to manipulate the outcome of hostile takeover. In this thesis wet want to evaluate the possibility of implementing electronic voting for proxy and comparing different proxy regulation of other developed countries. The main reason for implementing electronic vote and advantages will be explained in the thesis and the after effect will also be discussed.
5

委託書徵求事件與公司經營績效、股權結構及盈餘管理關聯性之研究

吳曉寧 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以2002至2004年非金融業之臺灣上市櫃公司為研究對象,從經營績效、股權結構及公司治理特性等觀點,探討企業發生委託書徵求事件之決定性因素、經營績效及其與盈餘管理行為之關聯性,並進一步分析企業特質對企業從事常態性委託書徵求行為之影響。就委託書徵求事件之決定性因素而言,本研究發現,整體績效表現愈差、獲利能力愈差、現金股利發放愈少、內部人持股比率愈低、董監事質押比率愈高、最終控制者之股份控制權愈低、席次偏離股份控制權程度愈大之企業,發生委託書徵求事件之機率愈高。經營績效之實證結果顯示,徵求委託書、利用金字塔及交叉持股之控股結構、控制權偏離所有權程度愈大之企業,當期之經營績效較差。前述實證結果亦適用於常態性徵求委託書之企業。至於委託書徵求事件與盈餘管理行為之關聯性而言,委託書徵求為企業從事盈餘管理行為之誘因之一,尤其在常態性徵求委託書之情況更為顯著。企業之董監事質押比例愈高、負債比率愈高、席次控制權偏離盈餘分配權程度愈大、控股結構複雜度(金字塔結構或交叉持股)愈高,其盈餘管理幅度較高。 / Based on a sample of non-baking corporations listed on Taiwan Securities Exchange and Over the Counter over the period of 2002 to 2004, this thesis first investigates the determinants and operation performance of proxy solicitation behavior, followed by examining the relationship between proxy solicitation and earnings management. In addition, the characteristics of companies that appeal to proxy solicitation on a regular basis are also studied. The empirical results show that companies with poorer overall performance, poorer profitability, lower cash dividend payout ratio, lower insiders shareholdings, higher share pledge ratio by the board members, lower control rights, and higher deviation in control rights from cash flow rights, are more likely to apply proxy solicitation. The empirical findings also indicate that companies with proxy solicitation, pyramid and cross-holdings structures, and higher deviation in control rights from cash flow rights, tend to have worse operating performance for the current period. The findings aforementioned can also apply to the companies that repeatedly employ proxy solicitation. This research documents that proxy solicitation is strongly associated with earnings management behavior, especially for companies that apply proxy solicitation repetitively. Companies with higher share pledge ratio by the board members, higher debt ratio, higher deviation in control rights from cash flow rights and employing pyramid and cross-holdings structures, are found to be associated with higher magnitude of earnings management.
6

股東會電子投票制度改進之探討 / Electronic shareholder voting in Taiwan: A comparative study

馬薏雯 Unknown Date (has links)
我國於94年6月22日公布修正後之公司法,正式賦予公司召開股東會時,得採行書面或電子方式供股東行使表決權之法律依據,期能使我國之公司治理與股東權益維護能與國際接軌;惟「股東會電子投票」制度,歷經元大京華證券股份有限公司、台灣總合股務處理股份有限公司及台灣集中保管結算所股份有限公司三個平台之建置,仍然未被各上市、櫃公司廣為採用,即使偶有採用者,其投票總權數占總股份之比例多數未及1%,顯示成效不彰。另2010年10月的亞洲公司治理協會(Asian Corporate Governance Association)年會,提出了最新一份的「CG Watch」報告,在這份報告中,ACGA指出我國推動股權權益的狀況上較前次調查類似,並未有太大改善,比如公司對國外投資人「通訊投票」、「分割投票」權益的行使,相關法規及配套仍不夠完備,而針對「通訊投票」得分,在歷次的評分中,我國都是敬陪末座,可以說,這幾年來此一核心問題並未被重視並獲得具體的改善。 基此本研究將以股東會通訊投票之法令、制度為經,佐以實務之見解為緯,參考外國經驗,藉由分析現行之問題並勾勒未來推動之建議供各界參考。本研究除分析我國股東會之基本概念、表決權行使方式、委託書之使用,並藉由對美、日兩國股東會制度及實務之探討,一窺國際之現況及未來發展之趨勢。另針對我國股東會通訊投票制度與現況進行背景說明,並介紹我國通訊投票下書面投票與電子投票之架構及現況,最後分析我國電子投票採用率偏低之原因。 此外,針對美、日、台三國股東會通訊投票制度分別由法規制度面、股東權益面、公司執行面及電子投票實務面進行比較,最後並提出對相關主事者之建議及對後續研究者未來研究方向之建議,以期經由各界之腦力激盪,共同為我國的資本市場國際化而努力。 / The amendment of Taiwan Company Act in June 22nd, 2005, upon its release, granted each shareholder the legitimate right to cast his/her vote by both written and electronic means in shareholders’ meetings. This amendment is menat to bring Taiwan’s corporate governance and shareholder rights in line with the international practice. However, with the limited use of no more than 1% voting rights of most listing and over-the-counter (OTC) companies on the three voting forums established by Yuanta Core Pacific Securities Co., Ltd., Taiwan Integrated Shareholder Service Company and Taiwan Depository & Clearing Corporation, the attempt has been proven unsuccessful. In addition, the latest “CG Watch” report, submitted during the 2010 Asian Governance Association annual conference held in October, has suggested that, similar to the previous reports, shareholder rights of Taiwan-based companies have not been improved outstandingly. For instance, the exercise of “postal voting” and “vote splitting” upon foreign investors of Taiwan-based companies has been restricted due to the flaws in the domestic voting system and regulations. Also, in the report, a constant low rating in “postal voting” for the Taiwan-based companies simply hints that the core issue has never been properly valued nor concretely improved. Based on the suggestions in the previous paragraph, this research paper provides an overview of the laws and the regulations of the postal voting system. The paper also includes opinions on practical needs and comparison from foreign experiences. By means of analyzing our current issues, the research draws an outline of the propositions for trends of the future development. Apart from analyzing the basic concepts of shareholders’ meetings held by some Taiwan-based companies, exercise of voting rights, and use of proxy forms, the research also peeks into the current situation around the globe and the future trends by consulting the system and the practical needs of shareholders’ meetings in the U.S. and Japan. As for the postal voting system and the current situation in Taiwan, the research provides a background illustration by introducing the structure and the current status of printed ballot voting and electronic voting under our postal voting framework. In conclusion, the paper points out the reasons for limited use of electronic voting in Taiwan. Finally, the research measures postal voting systems in the U.S., Japan and Taiwan from aspects of the laws and regulations, the shareholder rights, the corporate execution and the practical needs. In the end, in order for the effort of internationalization upon domestic capital market, the research eventually proposes the solutions for the related personnel in charge and the follow-up research direction for future researchers.
7

公司派說了算?——從公司派操控股東會議事論公司治理之願景 / Controlling Shareholders over others?Future of Corporate Governance in the Perspective of Controlling Shareholders’Domination over Shareholders Meetings

張修珮 Unknown Date (has links)
公司治理之發展是國際注目潮流,OECD已指明「保障股東權益」是公司治理一項重要內容,而公司治理原則下的「股東行動主義」,是鼓勵股東參與公司治理。近年經營權之爭,公司派「依法」操控股東會之特殊現象時有耳聞,而架空股東會議事的亂象,使得維護股東權益變成空談。 有鑒於此,筆者擬在探究公司派架空股東會議事的內容後,分別由股務作業、股東會議事程序、委託書統計驗證與表決票(選舉票)封存作業與證據保全等方面,進一步提出改良股東會議事的策略,以求實踐公司治理的願景。 / It is an international trend to pay much attention to corporate governance. OECD identified that a corporate governance framework should protect and facilitate the exercise of shareholders’ rights. One of the shareholders’ rights is to participate in, and to be sufficiently informed on, decisions concerning fundamental corporate changes. Shareholders’ activism exists only while legal and regulatory requirements that affect corporate governance practices should be consistent with the rule of law, transparent and enforceable. However, many controlling shareholders “legally” manipulated agendas and resolutions of shareholders’ meetings for the past years. In this way, shareholders’ rights could be nothing and there were little corporate governance remained. Therefore, after analyzing how controlling shareholders manipulated in shareholders’ meetings, this thesis proposed strategies to improve the law on shareholders’ meetings. Such strategies included the aspects of (1) stock affairs, (2) procedures for shareholders’ meetings, (3) proxies tally and verification and (4) perpetuation on used voting slips or ballots. The author was expecting that there will be better legal basis to push ahead corporate governance for public companies in Taiwan.
8

公司治理體系下控制權市場之定位 / The Role of Control Market in the Framework of Corporate Governance

林俊宏, Lin ,Chun-Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要探討公司治理體系下控制權市場所發揮之功能,內容大致上分為四個部分。第一部分先就公司治理理論以及不同體系加以介紹,從Ronald H. Coase交易成本理論、Berle & Means五種公司類型,以及代理理論說明公司治理的理論基礎,再分別介紹OECD以及World Bank的公司治理架構,而控制權市場則是公司治理體系下,外部治理機制的一項重要工具,最後就美國、日本與我國的公司治理體系加以介紹。 第二部分則是說明企業併購促使控制權市場發揮治理成效之主要活動,因此,分別就美國、日本與我國企業併購之概況加以闡述。美國歷經了五次併購風潮,有其經濟、文化等結構性因素,而日本與我國過去並未發生併購風潮,然而隨著結構性因素的改變,再加上全球化的浪潮,日本與我國併購活動有逐漸加溫之趨勢。 視敵意併購為控制權市場之主要利器,這是因為企業雖然有可能因為善意併購後,改善效率進而增加股東權益,有助於公司治理,但敵意併購活動更兼具威嚇現任經營者之效果,因此,敵意併購活動於公司治理體系上,一方面可汰換不適任經營者,另一方面亦可對現任經營者造成威嚇使其不敢進行有礙於股東權益之情事。而主併者進行敵意併購,主要可行的途徑有二:一為收購股權,另一為委託書徵求。就法制面而言,則見諸公開收購以及委託書管理相關規定。 第三部分開始探討敵意併購法制,本文分別介紹了美國、日本以及我國公開收購制度,目前我國已從事先核准制修正為事先申報制,與美國、日本之申報制相近。但對於公開收購定義則大相逕庭,美國採八項要素判斷,日本與我國則加以明確定義。另外股東平等原則部份,美國、日本與我國同採「比例分配制」,關於禁止變更收購條件的範圍,則是美國最寬鬆因此有利於主併者,而日本最嚴格。至於美國州法下的反併購條款在我國與日本並未出現。而關於我國引進強制公開收購制度,本文分別引述支持與反對者之意見,並基於促進併購活動發生有利於公司治理此一面向,說明強制公開收購制度可能之影響。 第四部份探討美國、日本與我國關於委託書徵求相關制度,就資訊公開的內容而言,美國、日本與我國相關規定大同小異,但徵求人資格限制以及徵求股份總數限制為我國獨有,況且因公司派掌握紀念品的製作權以及發放權,加上相關規定使投信事業必須支持符合持股成數之之公司董事會提出之議案或董事、監察人候選人,且又就使用股東名冊的難易程度而言,我國委託書徵求相關規定實對現任經營者較有利。 而關於委託書價購與否之爭論,本文分別就正反兩方之理由加以介紹,後從公司治理之角度出發,認為收購委託書可能使管理者有更多經濟上誘因進行舞弊,有礙於公司治理,故應禁止之。 最後比較公開收購制度與委託書徵求制度二者,分別從所需資金、成本風險控制、實施之便宜性以及公司治理角度,希冀我國未來公開收購制度能善加運用,發揮公司治理之功效。文末並提出相關建議,以供將來之研究或主管機關作為參考。 / This dissertation mainly discusses the role of control market in the framework of corporate governance. It is composed of four parts. The first part introduces relevant theories of corporate governance, including Ronald H. Coase’s “transaction cost theory”, Berle & Means’ “five types of corporation”, and agency theory. Then the diverse frameworks of corporate governance including OECD, World Bank, in which control market is indicated as a significant external mechanism, are illustrated. At last, the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan's frameworks of corporate governance are introduced respectively. The second part explains that the merges & acquisitions (M&A) is one of the major activities that make control market operate effectively. Then the general situations of the M&A in the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan are introduced. Taken as a main mechanism of control market, hostile takeover not only strikes inefficient managers but menaces the incumbent from fraud. Two major feasible approaches of hostile takeover are purchasing stocks and soliciting proxies. The rules of tender offer and proxy contest are relevant. The third part discusses the legal institution of hostile takeover. The rules of tender offer of U.S., Japan, and Taiwan are introduced. Then the similarities and dissimilarities between the rules from the definitions of tender offer, equal treatment to shareholders, and anti-takeover strategies are detailed. At the end of this part, different points of view about mandatory tender offer and its relation with corporate governance are discussed. The fourth part explores (investigates) the rules of proxy contest of the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan. They are similar in the disclosure principle, but only Taiwan set limitations on the qualification of solicitors and the amount of proxies. In addition, the incumbent in Taiwan have the control over the manufacturing and delivery of the tokens for shareholders in annual meetings. What’s more, regulations force the institute-investors to support the incumbent. In conclusion, the proxy rules in Taiwan favor the incumbent. Also, the arguments over proxy purchase and its relation with corporate governance is mentioned. At last, this paper compares tender offer with proxy soliciting in several aspects: the fund needed, risk control, convenience, and corporate governance. In the end, the conclusion provides some suggestions for legislators and future studies.
9

從公司治理論機構投資人股東權之行使-以公共基金為中心

王育慧 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著企業經營規模日趨複雜、專業化,股東因人數眾多、股東意見不一,在面臨公司所有與經營分離所產生的代理成本控制上,實有困難。一般小股東因持股過低,對於公司經營事務只能消極以待,若對公司經營成果不滿意,只能選擇華爾街準則(Wall Street Walk or Vote with Feet),而賣掉股票,甚難對管理階層進行更進一步的影響。相較之下,機構投資人基於其人力及資源優勢,能深入參與公司治理、監督管理階層,進而提昇公司經營績效,增進股東投資價值,此即為機構投資人積極主義。 本篇論文探討機構投資人行使股東權以促進公司治理發展。首先討論機構投資人積極主義之兩大基礎支柱-其一,良好公司治理確能對公司績效表現有所助益,其二機構投資人促進公司治理乃其善盡受託義務之體現。 由於美國機構投資人主義高度成熟發展,而國內機構投資人積極主義仍屬起步階段,本篇論文即以比較研究法,探討美國機構投資人行使股東權如股東提案、委託書投票、直接與管理階層溝通、發布黑名單、團體訴訟與股東提名董事草案等,及分析說明我國公司治理相關條文與機構投資人行使表決權時所會遭逢之困境。 此外,本論文經由案例研究,深入蒐集資料並訪談兩個在促進公司治理領域夙負盛名的退休基金-美國威斯康辛州投資委員會與加拿大安大略省教師退休計畫,從而細膩地觀察美國及加拿大機構投資人積極主義之發展、瓶頸與挑戰。 最後,本論文提出促進機構投資人提出公司治理及表決權行使政策、鼓勵機構投資人於股東提案權與表決權等議案進行合作及建置對機構投資人餐與公司治理友善之法規環境等建議,期能對於我國機構投資人積極主義之發展有所助益。 / The increase in institutional funds has been extraordinarily rapid. Comparing with the minority shareholders, the institutional shareholders’ size and expertise can minimize the collective choice problem and agency costs. Their resources enable them to investigate and monitor management in corporate governance field. This is the “Institutional Shareholder Activism“. This article discusses the institutional shareholder’s enhancement of corporate governance. It explores from the two backbones of the Institutional Shareholder Activism: Firstly, the correlation between corporate governance and corporate performance, and secondly, fiduciary duties of the Institutional Shareholder. It makes two conclusions: Good corporate governance certainly helps protect shareholder interests, and contributes to superior long-term economic performance, and institutional shareholders can comply with fiduciary duties by enhancing corporate governance. Furthermore, due to America institutional shareholder activism is highly developed, while Taiwan institutional shareholder activism is not developed. This paper compares America institutional shareholder activism with Taiwan’s. It discusses America institutional shareholder activism in many aspects, such as shareholder proposal, proxy solicitation, vote, direct negotiation with the corporate management, focus list, class action, security holder director nominations bill etc. Then, it analyses some of Taiwan’s corporate governance related articles such as shareholder proposal and security holder director nominations, and some difficulties which the pension fund and the security investment trust fund face when they vote as shareholders. Moreover, through case study, this paper analyses two prestigious pension funds: State of Wisconsin Investment Board (SWIB) and The Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan (OTPP), and investigates their stages of development and current operation and future challenges in the corporate governance field. At last, this paper provides some suggestions and inspirits the institutional shareholder activism in our country.
10

董監候選人提名制度: 對公司治理提升之影響關係 / Candidates Nomination System and Corporate Governance

盧皓偉 Unknown Date (has links)
中文摘要 公司治理的強化已成為世界各國所共同重視的議題,我國亦不落其後自1997年起逐步推動各項公司治理政策,若仔細觀察其發展過程,主管機關應是甚為期盼公司治理能正本清源的從董事、監察人獨立性的強化這個源頭紮實做起。 惟自民國94年起引進了董監候選人提名制度,特別是上市櫃公司的獨立董事,更強制採候選人提名制度,然近幾年我國上市櫃公司掏空、內線交易、不正當利益輸送、背信、董事自肥、財報不實等案件仍時有所聞,究竟我國引進董監候選人提名制度是改進公司治理的有效解決方案嗎?即是本文探討的主題。 首先,本文先研究公司治理與董監選任制度的關聯程度,分析公司治理的意義、目標、監督機制、架構以及董監選任於公司治理的重要性。隨後簡介美國及日本的董監選任制度,希望能對我國的現行董監選任制度有所借鏡。 接著,分析我國現行董監選任制度的主要問題,包括第192-1條第1項限制股東應就董事候選人名單中選任之,係對股東權的限制而非強化;允許股東選任自己認定的理想人選與董監候選人提名制度並不衝突,在現行制度下,所當選之董監較公司法第192條之選任方式更不具獨立性,對公司治理的提升並無助益,故實無限制之必要。第192-1條第3項對於無表決權之股份,為避免計算基礎過度膨脹,保障真正少數股東之權利,應限縮解釋。第216-1條監察人選舉準用第192-1條之規定,監察人之候選人可由董事會提名,將違反公司治理精神,恐造成監察人成為董事會之附屬而無法執行監督義務。而上市櫃公司依公開發行公司獨立董事設置及應遵循事項辦法第5條強制採候選人提名制度選任獨立董事,依新近大法官釋字第733號精神涵攝,關於選舉方式之強制,恐有限制團體內部組織與事務之自主決定已逾必要程度,而有違反憲法第二十三條所定比例原則及侵害基於結社自由所含的自治精神之嫌。另現行主管機關發佈董事、監察人提名委員會組織章程參考範例,也可能因獨立性不足、權限劃分不明等原因而形同聊備一格。同時,本文亦將現行公開發行公司出席股東會使用委託書規則(以下簡稱委託書規則)其與董監候選人提名制度法律條文進行比較,發現主要差別除持股比例之要求外,委託書規則對董監資格限制可謂更為嚴謹。此外,委託書規則遇有股東會董監選舉徵求時,被選舉人資格審查無須經董事會或提名委員會審議,亦無強制公司股東僅能就委託書徵求人本人或所擬支持之候選人名單選任,但反而強制將候選人經營理念予以公開,故本文以為委託書規則不僅有董監候選人提名制度之實,又不失為一種更直接訴諸「股東民主」的制度,同時也是對股東行動主義正面回應的一種機制。 最後,本文認為,董監選任應回歸公司法第192條規定,使董監選任更具獨立性, 也無違反大法官第733號解釋之虞。若希望對散戶股東進行董監選舉時能有參考依據而堅持採董監候選人提名制度之精神,亦無需疊床架屋,另立新法條,只需放寬或廢除徵求門檻及上限,回歸現行委託書規則即可。否則,至少現行制度應針對董事會等審查機關若違法濫權等,授權審理法院得在股東會召開前或召開後,視情況採取緊急保全處分,以保障股東提名權。同時對獨立董事形式或實質獨立要件亦宜擴大認定,並可考慮拉長獨立董事的冷卻期間,來淡化利害關係並強化獨立董事之獨立性。

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