What is the nature of arbitration? In which sourcerelies its binding force? How does its relation with the Judicial Power must be comprehended? Whichis  the  role  the Constitutional  Court  shall  havetowards it? What is the importance of arbitrationin relation with domestic and foreign investments?In the present article, the author provides answers to the aforementioned questions.  In  that  line, he mentions recent pronouncements of the Constitutional Court regarding the matter, and gives us his opinion about controversial issues that may arise. / ¿Cuál es la naturaleza del arbitraje? ¿En qué fuentereside su fuerza vinculante? ¿Cómo se debe comprender su relación con el Poder Judicial? ¿Cuál esel rol que debe tener el Tribunal Constitucional frente a él? ¿Cuál es su importancia frente a las inversiones nacionales y extranjeras?En el presente artículo, el autor responde a todas las interrogantes previas. Para ello, hace alusión a recientes pronunciamientos del Tribunal Constitucional respecto de la materia, y nos brinda su opinión respecto de los aspectos controvertidos que puedan surgir.

Si le droit administratif colombien se fonde sur les mêmes principes que le droit administratif français, l’interdiction de l’arbitrage aux personnes morales de droit public n’a pas été reprise en Colombie. La jurisprudence a admis l’application de l’arbitrage aux contrats publics même en l’absence d’autorisation législative. Le principe de légalité, la continuité du service public et le respect de l’intérêt public fondent le droit des contrats publics. Cependant, celui-ci se développe sous l’égide du droit commun des obligations et des contrats et il partage les aspects essentiels du droit de l’arbitrage : l’autonomie de la volonté et la liberté contractuelle. Si le droit colombien n’impose aucune limite à l’arbitrage des contrats publics depuis 1993 alors que les lois antérieures en fixaient, cette évolution législative peut-elle être interprétée comme l’octroi de compétences équivalentes aux arbitres et au juge administratif ? Le régime du droit commun de l’arbitrage s’adapte-t-il aux besoins du contentieux des contrats publics ? Quelle est la portée de ce changement pour l’arbitrage international des contrats publics ? Au-delà des contradictions apparentes, les principes des contrats publics n’entrent pas en confrontation avec les notions essentielles à l’arbitrage. La compétence des arbitres se limite aux contentieux subjectifs des contrats publics. La jurisprudence forgée en la matière depuis 1964 s’est consolidée au fil du temps, nous permettant d’évaluer l’efficacité et l’effectivité de l’arbitrage des contrats publics. / Even though Colombian and French administrative law are grounded on the same principles, Colombian administrative law did not adopt the stance that public legal bodies are prevented from agreeing arbitration clauses and submitting their disputes to arbitration. Colombian case law has recognized arbitration clauses in relation to disputes arising out of public contracts, even when there is no specific legal authorization to do so. The principle of the rule of law, the continuity of the provision of public services, the public interest and the existence of a specialized administrative jurisdiction, are the foundations of public contract law. Nevertheless, public contract law is implemented under the aegis of contract law and it shares essential aspects of arbitration law: the autonomy of the parties free will and freedom of contract. Since 1993, Colombian law has not imposed any limit on the arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts, even if former laws did so. Could this legal progress be construed as granting similar jurisdiction to arbitrators and administrative judges? Is general arbitration law suitable for the needs of the settlement of disputes arising out of public contracts? What is the scope of this change for the international arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts? Despite the apparent contradictions, the essential tenets of public contracts, do not conflict with the key components of arbitration. The jurisdiction of arbitrators is confined to “contentieux subjectifs”. Colombian case law has developed since 1964 and has been consolidated over time, allowing us to evaluate to what extent the arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts is an effective and efficient tool for public administration.

L’arbitrage dans les pays arabes connaît aujourd’hui une nouvelle dynamique se traduisant pas la promulgation de nouvelles lois d’arbitrage et l’implantation de nouveaux centres d’arbitrage. Cette dynamique est d’autant plus particulière qu’elle se caractérise par la mise en place de zones franches juridiques conduisant à la division du pouvoir judiciaire et à la coexistence de deux systèmes juridiques, on-shore et off-shore. Cette nouvelle dynamique est-elle pour autant le reflet d’une approche désormais favorable à l’arbitrage ? Quelle est la place faite à l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes? La réponse à ces problématiques majeures ne peut s’effectuer qu’à travers l’étude du recours en annulation des sentences arbitrales. En effet, l’approche de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes ne peut être évaluée qu’à la lumière de la position des tribunaux étatiques lors du contrôle judiciaire de la sentence arbitrale. Il s’agira d’examiner la nature du recours en annulation, sa coexistence avec les voies de recours ordinaires, son exercice et les différents motifs d’annulation. Il s’agira également d’analyser les règlements d’arbitrage qui prennent position sur les voies de recours et in fine sur le sort de la sentence arbitrale à travers l’étude de la demande de reconnaissance et d’exécution des sentences arbitrales, aussi bien dans les zones on-shore que dans les zones off-shore. Cette étude permettra ainsi de déterminer la perception de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes et les réformes qui doivent être entreprises en vue de sa promotion comme mode normal de résolution des litiges du commerce international. / Today, within Arab states, a new dynamic in arbitration is taking shape. This is reflected in the proliferation of new arbitration legislation and the establishment of emergent arbitration centres across the region. What makes this new dynamic even more remarkable is the contemporaneous establishment of legal free-zones where judicial power is divided and co-exists between two systems best described as on-shore and off-shore. This thesis seeks to explore the possible implications of this new dynamic with a view to determining whether or not it can be considered a reflection of a developing, more favourable approach to arbitration in Arab countries. In order to address this issue effectively, this thesis will examine the present and immediate approaches to arbitration of judiciaries in 10 Arab states. This will be achieved through the study and analysis of the action for setting aside arbitral awards in these Arab states. This thesis will look at the nature, exercise and application of the action for setting aside arbitral awards. In addition, it will explore the grounds for this action and how, as a recourse, the action for setting aside exists alongside and interacts with other avenues of recourse. In order to assess the current approaches of judiciaries, within Arab countries, this thesis will also analyze current arbitration legislation and institutional regulations. This is in addition to the emerging trends and common practice, that is, in the context of the recognition and execution of arbitral awards, in both on-shore and off-shore legal systems.

En arbitrage international comme dans la majorité des systèmes de droit, la réparation du dommage est une question essentielle dans la résolution des litiges et implique la détermination d’un dommage réparable et de l’étendue de la réparation, ainsi que l’évaluation de ce dommage. L’arbitrage d’investissement, qui tranche les litiges entre Etats et investisseurs étrangers, personnes privées, est au carrefour entre les droits nationaux et le droit international, entre responsabilité contractuelle et responsabilité internationale des Etats, entre droit commercial et droit public, et reflète ainsi l’ensemble des problématiques récurrentes soulevées par la réparation du dommage. La publicité fréquente des sentences rendues en la matière permet d’analyser les solutions qu’y apportent les tribunaux arbitraux, révélant l’existence d’une réelle pratique cohérente et développée. L’étude de la jurisprudence arbitrale d’investissement montre une coexistence de questions de fait et de droit, de problématiques juridiques et économiques, tout au long du processus de détermination du dommage et de l’étendue de la réparation, puis de celui de la détermination du montant accordé à la victime. Les exigences juridiques de certitude, prévisibilité et causalité du dommage, de même que les principes de réparation intégrale et adéquate, sont influencés de manière significative par des considérations économiques et d’équité. Dans le mouvement inverse, les règles financières qui sont appliquées par les arbitres pour l’évaluation du dommage, indépendamment du droit applicable, sont de plus en plus juridicisées. Identifier ce corps de règles applicables à la réparation du dommage et l’application qui en est faite dans l’arbitrage d’investissement constitue une clarification nécessaire pour permettre aux acteurs internationaux de connaître l’étendue de leurs droits et obligations. / In international arbitration, as in most legal systems, compensation of damage is a key part of dispute resolution. It is a threefold process: the arbitral tribunal decides on compensable damage, then on the extent of compensation, and finally, evaluates damage. Investment arbitration, which settles disputes between states and foreign investors - private entities - is at the crossroads between national and international law, between contractual liability and international state liability, between commercial and public law, thus covering the wide scope of issues raised by compensation of damage. The awards given in this field are often made public, allowing for an analysis of the – thoroughly consistent – solutions brought forward by arbitral tribunals. This study shows how, throughout the process of compensation of damage, questions of fact and law as well as legal and economic issues are raised. The legal requirements of certainty, foreseeability and remoteness of damage are significantly impacted by the economic context and by the notion of fairness. Conversely, the financial rules applied throughout the process of damage evaluation, without taking into account applicable law, are increasingly governed by law. Identifying the corpus of rules that are applied throughout the process of compensation of damage, and studying the way these rules are applied in investment arbitration therefore represents a useful tool for international bodies seeking to understand their own rights and duties.

La sentence est une notion complexe qui partage différentes caractéristiques avec le contrat, l’acte juridictionnel ou la décision de justice. En effet, la nature juridictionnelle de la sentence est aujourd’hui admise, mais en raison de son origine conventionnelle, elle demeure un acte privé. Ainsi, son régime d’acte juridictionnel est-Il modifié par un élément conventionnel – dès la désignation des arbitres appelés à rendre la sentence jusqu’à son exécution. L’étude du droit comparé montre que la notion et le régime de la sentence sont différemment appréciés en droit français et russe – tout est question d’interprétation des critères de qualification, bien qu’ils s’avèrent être les mêmes. Ainsi, convient-Il de faire ressortir ces différences à travers l’étude de la notion de la sentence et de son régime dans les deux ordres juridiques, sauf à démontrer que l’une et l’autre contribuent à la préservation du caractère particulier de la sentence qui ne peut et ne doit pas être assimilée, en définitive, à une décision de justice. / The arbitral award is a complex legal notion, sharing characteristics with the contract, the jurisdictional act and the judicial decision. Indeed, the jurisdictional dimension of the arbitral award has now been admitted, though, because of its contractual source, it is still considered as a private legal act. The legal regime of this jurisdictional act is therefore influenced by a contractual bias – as from the arbitrators’ appointment up to the enforcement of the arbitral award. A comparative approach shows that the arbitral award’s notion and legal regime are differently considered in French and Russian laws. The differences lie mainly in the interpretation of the legal qualification criteria, though the latter are similar in the two legal systems. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the said differences through the study of the arbitral award’s notion and legal regime in French and Russian laws, which might lead to consider that the specificity of the arbitral award should be preserved instead of considering the award as a judicial decision.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_juliana_monteiro.pdf: 1389327 bytes, checksum: 40cd36e72ad5a8ecfcf3e6f6be64208d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 / The present study had the purpose to investigate how one of the members of the remarried couple, for at least two years, leaves this experience. The complexity and diversity presents in the remarried family structure, as well as the constant increase of this familiar configuration, indicates that the model o a nuclear family to which the remarried families are compared it is not an adequate parameter. Consulted literature stands out that the essential differences between these formats of family must be considered by the diverse professionals who work with the new familiar configurations. A field research was made based on a literature review in which eight people who inhabited in the city of Recife. The group of interviewed was constituted by five people of the feminine sex and three of the masculine sex, all remarried and with children of previous marriage, either biological or adoptive. From the theoretical recital and of the speech of the participants, seven categories of analysis had been proposed. The evaluation of the gotten material sample that the interviewed ones deal with the remarriage as an union of steady character, where they share not only the residence, but all the pertinent activities to a couple, in a recognized marriage for law. All the participants had been unanimous in affirming that the four first years of contact are sufficiently delicate, demanding of the couple biggest flexibility, attention and care so that a familiar integration occurs. We observe, also, a certain difficulty between the members of this family how to the exercitate each ones function / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como um dos membros do casal recasado, há pelo menos dois anos, vivencia essa experiência. A complexidade e a diversidade presentes na estrutura das famílias recasadas, assim como o aumento constante dessa configuração familiar, indica que o modelo de família nuclear ao qual as famílias recasadas são comparadas não é um parâmetro adequado. A literatura consultada ressalta que as diferenças essenciais entre esses formatos de família devem ser consideradas pelos diversos profissionais que trabalham com as novas configurações familiares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, fundamentada na revisão da literatura, na qual foram entrevistadas oito pessoas que residiam na cidade do Recife. O grupo de entrevistados foi constituído por cinco pessoas do sexo feminino e três do sexo masculino, todos recasados e com filhos de casamento anterior, quer sejam biológicos ou adotivos. A partir da fundamentação teórica e do discurso dos participantes, foram propostas sete categorias de análise. A avaliação do material obtido mostra que os entrevistados tratam o recasamento como uma união de caráter estável, onde partilham não apenas a residência, mas todas as atividades pertinentes a um casal, num casamento reconhecido por lei. Todos os participantes foram unânimes em afirmar que os quatro primeiros anos de convivência são bastante delicados, exigindo do casal maior flexibilidade, atenção e cuidado para que ocorra uma integração familiar. Observamos, também, uma certa dificuldade entre os membros dessa família quanto ao exercício de seus papéis

[pt] O caso Cesare Battisti ficou amplamente conhecido dentro e fora da esfera jurídica, tornando-se um caso de grande interesse público. Dentro do meio jurídico, o caso despertou diversas questões, tais como a concessão de refúgio para criminosos condenados, a possibilidade de cassação da condição de refugiado e possibilidade de negativa do Chefe do Executivo de efetivar a extradição como uma decisão política e uma questão de soberania nacional. Ainda, o presente caso permanece suscitando questões, tendo o Supremo Tribunal Federal sido novamente provocado a se manifestar sobre a prescrição e decadência do ato administrativo que negou a entrega de Cesare Battisti para as autoridades italianas e sobre a possibilidade de sua expulsão e deportação. A presente pesquisa pretende, com base em estudos doutrinários, na análise do caso de Cesare Battisti e dos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre extradição, analisar a possibilidade de revogação do ato administrativo do Chefe do Executivo que decidiu pela não entrega de Cesare Battisti ao Estado Italiano. / [en] The Cesare Battisti case became wildly known within and outside the legal scope, becoming a case of great public interest. Within the legal atmosphere, the case raised a number of issues, such as granting refugee status for convicted criminals, the possibility to cancel the refugee status and the possibility of the Chief of the Executive Branch to refuse the enforcement of extradition as a political decision and a matter of national sovereignty. Moreover, the present case is still raising questions, and the Federal Supreme Court has once again been called upon to rule on the statue of limitations regarding of the administrative act which denied Cesare Battisti s surrender to the Italian authorities and on the possibility of his expulsion and deportation. Based on doctrinal studies, the analysis of the Cesare Battisti case and the Supreme Court trials on extradition, the present work intends to study the possibility of repealing the administrative act of the Chief of the Executive Branch, who ruled that Cesare Battisti would not be surrendered to the Italian State.

Este trabalho propôs-se a estudar, mediante abordagem crítica e multidisciplinar, questões processuais que surgem na impugnação de deliberações de assembleias de sociedades por ações, procurando não só comprovar a ideia de que o direito processual civil deve responder a especificidades vindas do direito material, mas tecer conclusões a respeito de qual maneira o processo civil, neste âmbito específico do direito material, atende a essas peculiaridades. Por entendermos que existe um fio condutor lógico que une conteúdo do provimento, objeto do provimento e limites objetivos e subjetivos da coisa julgada, foram eleitas algumas questões processuais como objeto principal da pesquisa, sintetizadas nas seguintes indagações: (i) qual o conteúdo do provimento jurisdicional que desconstitui deliberações de assembleias gerais de sociedades por ações?; (ii) quais os limites objetivos desse provimento e da coisa julgada que sobre ele incide?; e (iii) quais os limites subjetivos desse mesmo provimento e da coisa julgada que o acoberta? O escopo principal desta dissertação, assim, foi responder a essas perguntas, embora, para que se atingisse esse intuito, outras indagações também tenham sido respondidas. / This work aims at studying, through a critical and multidisciplinary approach, procedural matters arising out of claims that request the annulment of shareholder meetings resolutions, seeking not only to evidence the idea that the civil procedural law should correspond to specific issues of the substantive law, but also draw conclusions on how the civil procedure, within the specific ambit of the substantive law, answers to these peculiarities. Since we understand there is a logical guiding thread that links the judgment, its subject matter and the objective and subjective limits of the judgement and of the res judicata, we have chosen a few procedural issues as main object of our research, summarized in the following questions: (i) what is the content of the judgement that annuls the shareholder meetings deliberations?; (ii) what are the objective limits of this judgement and of the res judicata, which affect such deliberations?; and (iii) what are the subjective limits of this same judgement and of the res judicata, which restrict their interference in said deliberations? The main scope of this dissertation was, therefore, to answer these questions, although, in doing so, other questions have ended being answered.

Este trabalho propôs-se a estudar, mediante abordagem crítica e multidisciplinar, questões processuais que surgem na impugnação de deliberações de assembleias de sociedades por ações, procurando não só comprovar a ideia de que o direito processual civil deve responder a especificidades vindas do direito material, mas tecer conclusões a respeito de qual maneira o processo civil, neste âmbito específico do direito material, atende a essas peculiaridades. Por entendermos que existe um fio condutor lógico que une conteúdo do provimento, objeto do provimento e limites objetivos e subjetivos da coisa julgada, foram eleitas algumas questões processuais como objeto principal da pesquisa, sintetizadas nas seguintes indagações: (i) qual o conteúdo do provimento jurisdicional que desconstitui deliberações de assembleias gerais de sociedades por ações?; (ii) quais os limites objetivos desse provimento e da coisa julgada que sobre ele incide?; e (iii) quais os limites subjetivos desse mesmo provimento e da coisa julgada que o acoberta? O escopo principal desta dissertação, assim, foi responder a essas perguntas, embora, para que se atingisse esse intuito, outras indagações também tenham sido respondidas. / This work aims at studying, through a critical and multidisciplinary approach, procedural matters arising out of claims that request the annulment of shareholder meetings resolutions, seeking not only to evidence the idea that the civil procedural law should correspond to specific issues of the substantive law, but also draw conclusions on how the civil procedure, within the specific ambit of the substantive law, answers to these peculiarities. Since we understand there is a logical guiding thread that links the judgment, its subject matter and the objective and subjective limits of the judgement and of the res judicata, we have chosen a few procedural issues as main object of our research, summarized in the following questions: (i) what is the content of the judgement that annuls the shareholder meetings deliberations?; (ii) what are the objective limits of this judgement and of the res judicata, which affect such deliberations?; and (iii) what are the subjective limits of this same judgement and of the res judicata, which restrict their interference in said deliberations? The main scope of this dissertation was, therefore, to answer these questions, although, in doing so, other questions have ended being answered.

Le Code de procédure civile prévoit, en ses articles 1492 et 1520, les cas d’ouverture permettant d’obtenir l’annulation d’une sentence ou l’infirmation d’une ordonnance ayant accordé son exequatur. Le troisième de ces cas ouvre les recours lorsque « le tribunal arbitral a statué sans se conformer à la mission qui lui avait été confiée ». Or, le terme de mission est vague, rendant imprécises les frontières de ce cas d’ouverture. Cette incertitude fait courir un risque d’inflation des recours et est source d’insécurité juridique. Elle nuit à l’efficacité du droit français de l’arbitrage, dans un contexte de forte concurrence entre les places arbitrales. L’analyse de la notion de mission permet de définir celle visée à l’indice 3 des articles précités comme les éléments conventionnels participant directement de l’exercice de la mission juridictionnelle arbitrale.Cette définition dessine en creux les deux critères permettant d’énumérer les violations relevant de ce cas d’ouverture. Leur mise en oeuvre contribue alors à une conception raisonnée de ce recours et en démontre la pertinence.Saisi d’un recours arguant d’une violation de sa mission par l’arbitre, le juge accompagne ce mouvement de rationalisation, tant dans le contrôle qu’il opère que dans la sanction qu’il prononce.Se dégage ainsi un mouvement progressif de délimitation restrictive des frontières du cas d’ouverture de la violation de sa mission par l’arbitre. A tous les stades de l’analyse – définition de la mission,détermination des griefs relevant de ce cas d’ouverture, contrôle opéré par le juge et prononcé de la sanction -, une conception cohérente, rationnelle et raisonnée se découvre. Elle constitue un rempart efficace contre la dérive expansionniste que faisait craindre sa formulation – une crainte d’ailleurs contredite par l’étude statistique – et témoigne de la pertinence et de la légitimité de ce cas d’ouverture / . Articles 1492 and 1520 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (applying to domestic and international arbitration respectively) set out the possible grounds for setting aside a domestic orinternational arbitral award or denying its enforcement. The third of these grounds states that a challenge may be initiated when “the arbitral tribunal ruled without complying with the mandate conferred upon it”.The notion of “mandate” – translation of the French “mission” – is vague, rendering the limits of this ground unclear. This poses a risk of significant increase in the number of challenges of awards and resultsin legal uncertainty. It might also hamper the efficiency of French arbitration law, especially in the contextof a strong competition among seats of arbitration.The analysis of the notion of “mission” provides insight into the particular mandate referred to underArticles 1492 and 1520, item 3, and can be defined as the contractual elements which are directly involved in the performance of the arbitral jurisdictional task. This definition sets out the two criteria – i.e. the contractual elements and the direct involvement in the performance of the arbitral jurisdictional task – that allow listing the breaches that could give rise to an annulment under this third ground relating to the arbitrator’s mission. Applying both criteria clarifies the scope of this ground and strengthens its relevance.While ruling on a challenge that the arbitral tribunal breached its mission, the annulment judge follows the same rational approach, both when analyzing the breach and when considering a possible annulment. The work undertaken in this thesis highlights the gradual restriction of the scope of this third ground relating to the arbitrator’s mission. Every stage of our study– the definition of the mission, the list of grounds covered by this third ground, the judge’s control and the potential annulment of the award –demonstrates that a clear, coherent and rational understanding of the third ground is possible. Such anunderstanding prevents this ground from being construed in an excessively broad sense, as its unclear wording may have suggested. The conducted statistical survey corroborates these theoretical results. All these ideas confirm that the third ground is a relevant and legitimate one.