In the hospital environment is observed profound and constant change, with the growing and accelerated technological innovation that makes available to health professionals and users, various types of technologies, where there are the educational technologies, management technologies and assistive technologies. The technologies are part of the nursing inserting in health in the workplace, especially in hospitals. This scenario is constituted by various kinds of technologies which constantly change so as to require professional development suitability for dealing with them accurately and efficiently. In this technological age sometimes the conception of the term technology also has been used in an emphatic, incisive and decisive manner, but mistaken, it has been seen only as a product or equipment. technology concepts are different, and from a scientific knowledge, systematized, organized, applied and practical - which requires human presence and is concretized in the act of caring, to a transformative and emancipatory conception of the subject. The cuidativo-educational technologies are covered in this research as a set of knowledge / scientific knowledge, that support the operation of the process of caring for and educating each other directly and indirectly in the nurse practice, from everyday experience and research within a critical perspective, reflective, creative, transformative and multidimensional between humans and the environment in which they operate. This study aimed to analyze the insertion of cuidativo-educational technologies in the practice of nurses working in a university hospital. This is a field research with a qualitative approach, descriptive and exploratory, developed with 21 nurses of a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. The data were collected through non-participant observation and semi-structured interview period March to December 2015. the analysis and interpretation of data occurred through Content analysis. the ethical aspects were respected under Resolution 466/2012. Emerged as a result the design of the nurses on the concept that these attributed to the terms: technologies, care technology, educational and cuidativo-educational. He was perceived hegemony of reductionist design the machine, tool, artifact in the speeches of the participants, however, some nurses considered as technological ability, knowledge of the professional. The cuidativo-type education was seen as the intertwining of care-educate and educate care, where one can not (co) exist without the other. In the context of hospital work, brochures, manuals, brochures, websites, among others, detached cuidativo-educational possibility, then, with the interrelationship people-person, person-tool or person-universe. As a contribution, the Cuidativo-educational technologies allow to develop or strengthen the autonomy of the subjects involved in the health-disease, with the foundation, the empowerment of the human being in their living conditions in its multidimensionality. / Em âmbito hospitalar observa-se profundas e constantes mudanças, com a crescente e acelerada inovação tecnológica, que disponibiliza aos profissionais da saúde e usuários, os mais diversos tipos de tecnologias, onde destacam-se as tecnologias educacionais, tecnologias gerenciais e tecnologias assistenciais. As tecnologias fazem parte da enfermagem inserindo-se no contexto de trabalho em saúde, principalmente em hospitais. Este cenário é constituído por diversos tipos de tecnologias, as quais se modificam constantemente, de modo a exigir dos profissionais o desenvolvimento de aptidão para lidar com as mesmas de forma precisa e eficaz. Nesta era tecnológica por vezes a concepção do termo tecnologia ainda tem sido utilizado de forma enfática, incisiva e determinante, porém equivocada, pois tem sido vista somente como um produto ou equipamento. Os conceitos de tecnologia são vários, sendo desde um conhecimento científico, sistematizado, organizado, aplicado e prático - o que requer a presença humana e se concretiza no ato de cuidar, até uma concepção transformadora e emancipatória dos sujeitos. As tecnologias cuidativo-educacionais são tratadas nesta pesquisa como um conjunto de saberes/conhecimentos científicos, que sustentam a operacionalização do processo de cuidar e educar do outro de modo direto e indireto na práxis do enfermeiro, a partir da experiência cotidiana e da pesquisa dentro de uma perspectiva crítica, reflexiva, criadora, transformadora e multidimensional entre os seres humanos e o meio em que se inserem. Objetivou-se analisar a inserção das tecnologias cuidativo-educacionais na práxis dos Enfermeiros que atuam em um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvida com 21 enfermeiras de um Hospital Universitário do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação não participante e entrevista semiestruturada no período de março a dezembro de 2015. A análise e interpretação dos dados ocorreu por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos conforme a Resolução 466/2012. Emergiram como resultados a concepção das enfermeiras acerca do conceito que estas atribuíram aos termos: tecnologias, tecnologia de cuidado, educacionais e cuidativo-educacionais. Percebeu-se a hegemonia da concepção reducionista a máquina, ferramenta, artefato nos discursos das participantes, contudo, algumas enfermeiras consideraram como possibilidade tecnológica, o conhecimento do profissional. A tipologia cuidativo-educacional foi vista como o entrelaçamento do cuidar-educar e educar-cuidar, onde uma não pode (co)existir sem a outra. No contexto do trabalho hospitalar, os folders, manuais, cartilhas, web site, entre outros, desprenderam possibilidade cuidativo-educativa, logo, havendo a inter-relação pessoa-pessoa , pessoa-ferramenta ou pessoa-universo. Como contribuição, as Tecnologias Cuidativo-educacionais permitem o desenvolver ou fortalecer da autonomia dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo saúde-doença, tendo como fundamento, o empoderamento do ser humano sob sua condição de vida na sua multidimensionalidade.

L'objet de la thèse est d'envisager l'évolution de la loi et de la jurisprudence en matière de garanties personnelles des sociétés afin de statuer sur leur validité et leur efficacité dans le monde des affaires. La thèse vise à présenter une étude comparée entre le droit français et le droit libanais s'agissant d'une pan des garanties personnelles consenties par les sociétés et d'autre pan, des garanties personnelles consenties au profit des sociétés. La première partie est consacrée à traiter les principes de validité de la garantie personnelle, en premier temps, lorsqu'elle est consentie par les différents types de sociétés, que ce soit une société à risques limités ou bien une société à risques illimités; et en second temps, lorsqu'un changement de la situation juridique de la société s'est produit, que ce soit par fusion ou bien par transformation. La deuxième partie vise à traiter l'efficacité de la garantie personnelle, premièrement, lorsqu'elle est souscrite par le dirigeant social dans l'intérêt de la société, en considérant les obligations imposées au créancier s'agissant d'une part de l'évolution de la dette garantie ou bien de la défaillance du débiteur principal et d'autre part de la vérification de la proportionnalité entre l'engagement du garant personne physique et sa capacité :financière ; et deuxièmement, lorsque la garantie personnelle est souscrite par une banque au profit de la société, en présentant les différentes règles conventionnelles internationales relatives aux garanties bancaires pour en déduire celles qui sont les plus avantageuses pour la société. / The thesis studies the evolution of laws and jurisprudence of persona! guarantees and their affiliation with companies and assesses the person guarantees validity and effectiveness in the business world. lt also aims to present comparative analyses between the French laws and the Lebanese laws governing personal guarantees, whether issued by or granted to companies. The first part of the thesis analyzes the validity of personal guarantees in different types of companies. lt also assesses the effect of changes in the legal status of companies whether due to mergers or transformations. The second part of the thesis addresses the effectiveness of persona! guarantees granted to companies whether by their directors or by banks. The study examines the beneficiary's obligations to ensure that the financial standing of the director is appropriate in relation to the commitments imposed by the guarantee and to inform the director (guarantor) of the evolution of the guaranteed debt and/or the bankruptcy of the principal (guaranteed party). The study also evaluates the International Conventional Rules governing guarantees issued by banks and identifies the rules that are the most beneficial to be adopted by companies.

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Submitted by Bárbara Maria Dultra (dultra.dultra@gmail.com) on 2018-01-26T13:58:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - MÃOS QUE SE ABRAÇAM - AFETIVIDADE, CUIDADO E AS PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS COMPLEMENTARES NO COMPLEXO HOSPITALAR PROFESSOR EDGAR SANTOS DA UFBA.pdf: 2952557 bytes, checksum: c0fa63e4886ec7f1cdd7e54f2e83bd8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-01-30T12:52:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - MÃOS QUE SE ABRAÇAM - AFETIVIDADE, CUIDADO E AS PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS COMPLEMENTARES NO COMPLEXO HOSPITALAR PROFESSOR EDGAR SANTOS DA UFBA.pdf: 2952557 bytes, checksum: c0fa63e4886ec7f1cdd7e54f2e83bd8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T12:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - MÃOS QUE SE ABRAÇAM - AFETIVIDADE, CUIDADO E AS PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS COMPLEMENTARES NO COMPLEXO HOSPITALAR PROFESSOR EDGAR SANTOS DA UFBA.pdf: 2952557 bytes, checksum: c0fa63e4886ec7f1cdd7e54f2e83bd8c (MD5) / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal: identificar e analisar as situações em que o Terapeuta e o Assistido do Ambulatório de Práticas Integrativas Complementares do Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgar Santos, conhecido como Hospital das Clínicas, reconhecem a presença da Afetividade e do Cuidado como formas de acolhimento, suas contribuições para estreitar o vínculo entre ambos e visibilizar as Práticas Integrativas Complementares. Este objetivo foi traçado com o intuito de encontrar resposta para o problema: Como a afetividade e o Cuidado contribuem para estreitar a relação Terapeuta-Assistido e visibilizar as Práticas Integrativas Complementares? Para dar conta de alcançar este intento e analisar as informações colhidas no campo empírico, foram escolhidos como trilha metodológica a perspectiva multirreferencial, como método de investigação, o Estudo de Caso, através da abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, e como técnicas análise documental, análise bibliográfica, investigação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada. Dois métodos foram empregados para trabalhar com as informações: Análise de Conteúdo e Análise Contrastiva. Além disso, os diálogos teóricos se basearam nos referenciais: Bioenergético-Vitalista; Cartesiano- Newtoniano e Complexo/Multirreferencial, que ajudaram a compreender a complexidade do ser humano como ente bio-psico-social-espiritual. Estes aportes foram fundamentais, embora insuficientes para dar conta do objeto em estudo, então, outros autores, a exemplo de: Maturana, Morin, Ardoino, Toralba Reselló, foram “convidados” à interlocução com a pesquisadora e com os atores sociais (gestores, terapeutas e assistidos), que atuam no referido ambulatório. Isto contribuiu para expandir o saber sobre o “cuidar demonstrando afeto e respeito à idiossincrasia humana”. Os resultados alcançados indicaram que foram identificados no Ambulatório de Práticas Integrativas Complementares, pilares que estreitam o vínculo entre terapeutas e assistidos, advindos da afetividade e do cuidado como: sentimentos e emoções emanados entre estes; acolhimento amoroso dos terapeutas, desde a anamnese, baseado em princípios/valores humanizados e respeito à idiossincrasia dos assistidos; gentileza, dedicação e preocupação com questões de ordem pessoal; política humanizada implantada no ambulatório, creditando valor a pequenos gestos como: o sorriso, o toque, o abraço, o olhar nos olhos, o passar óleo nos pés, a escuta sensível, a confiança, a esperança, a sensibilidade. Estes pilares foram valorizados tanto quanto os aspectos técnicos. Isto demonstrou que “sutilezas”, na interação terapeuta-assistido, têm relevância e se constituem em elementos imprescindíveis que vinculam afetivamente estes intérpretes sociais. / ABSTRACT This research has as main objective: To identify and analyze the situations in which the Therapist and the Assistant of the Complementary Integrative Practices Clinic from Edgar Santos Hospital Complex, known as Hospital das Clínicas, recognize the presence of Affectivity and Care as a host, their contributions to strengthen the bond between them and to make visible the Complementary Integrative Practices. This objective was designed to find an answer to the problem: How does affection and care contribute for strengthening the Therapistassisted relationship and to making the Complementary Integrative Practices more visible? In order to achieve this aim and to analyze the collected informations in the empirical field, the multireferential perspective was chosen as a methodological track, which made it possible to use the Case Study, through a qualitative and exploratory research approach, instruments / techniques (documentary analysis, bibliographic analysis, participant research and semistructured interviews), using two methods: Content Analysis and Contrastive Analysis. In addition, the theoretical dialogues permeated thoughts such as the Bioenergetic-Vitalist; the Cartesian-Newtonian and Complex / Multireferential, which helped to assimilate the complexity of the human being as a bio-psycho-social-spiritual pearson. These contributions were fundamental, although insufficient to account for the object under study, so other authors, such as: Maturana, Morin, Ardoino, Toralba Reselló, were invited to interact with the researcher and social actors (managers, therapists and assisted), who work in said outpatient clinic. This contributed to expand the knowledge about "caring showing affection and respect to human idiosyncrasy". The results indicated that complementary pillars were identified in the outpatient clinic of complementary integrative practices, which strengthen the bond between therapists and caregivers, resulting from affection and care as: valuation of feelings and emotions emanating between these actors; loving reception of therapists since the anamnesis, based on the humanized principles / values and respect to the idiosyncrasy of the assisted ones; aspects such as kindness, dedication and concern with personal questions; the humanized policy implanted in the clinic, crediting value to small gestures such as: smile, touch, hug, eye contact, oil on feet, sensitive listening, confidence, hope, sensitivity. These pillars were valued as much as the technical aspects. This has demonstrated that "subtleties" in the therapist-assisted interaction are relevant and constitute essential elements that affectively bind these social interpreters. Keywords: Therapist-patient. Affectivity. Caution. Holistic Health. Humanization of health services. Integrative medicine. / SOMMAIRE Cette recherche a pour objet principal : Identifier et analyser les situations dans lesquelles le Therapeute et le Patient de l´Ambulatoire de Pratiques Intégratives Complémentaires du Complexe Hospitalier Professor Edgar Santos, connu comme Hospital das Clínicas, reconnaisse la présence de l´Affectivité et des Soins comme formes d´accueil, leurs contributions pour renforcer le lien entre les deux et rendre visibles les Pratiques Intégratives Complémentaires. Cet objet a été conçu pour trouver une réponse à la question : Comment l´Affectivité et les Soins contribuent-ils au renforcement des relations Thérapeute-Patient et rendre visibles les Pratiques Intégratives Complémentaires ? Afin d´atteindre cet objectif et d´analyser les informations recueillies dans le champ empirique, a été choisie la méthodologie de la perspective multiréférentielle, ce qui a permis d´utiliser l´Étude de Cas, moyennant l´approche de recherche qualitative, exploratoire, des instruments/techniques (analyse documentaire, analyse bibliographique, recherche participative et entretien semi-structurée), en utilisant deux méthodes : l´Analyse de Contenu et l´Analyse Comparative. De plus, les dialogues théoriques ont imprégné des pensées, comme le Bioénergétique-Vitaliste, Cartésienne-Nestonienne et le Complexe/Multiréférentielle, qui ont contribué dans l´assimilation de la complexité de l´être humain comme un être bio-psyco-social-spirituel. Ces contributions ont étées fondamentales, mais, néanmoins, insuffisantes pour l´accomplissement de l´objet de l´étude. Ainsi, d´autres auteurs, comme par exemple, Maturana, Morrin, Ardoino, Toralba Reselló ont été « invités » à interagir avec la chercheuse et avec les acteurs sociaux (gestionnaires, thérapeutes et patients), qui font partie de l´ambulatoire. Cela a contribué à augmenter le connaissance sur les « les soins qui montrent l´affection et le respect à l´idiosyncrasie humaine ». Les résultats obtenus ont indiqué que ont été identifiés dans l´ambulatoires de pratiques intégratives complémentaires des piliers qui renforcent le lien entre thérapeutes et patients, résultant de l´affectivité et des soins comme, par exemple, la valorisation des sentiments et des émotions émanant de ces acteurs ; l´accueil adorable des thérapeutes dès l´anamnèse, basé sur des principes / valeurs humanisés et le respect à l´idiosyncrasie des patients ; des aspects comme “politesse”; “dédication”; “préoccupation avec des questions personnelles”; la politique humanisée implantée dans l´ambulatoire, valorisant de petits gestes comme : sourire; toucher; regarder dans les yeux; passer l´ huile sur les pieds; l´écoute sensible; la confiance; l´espoir, la sensibilité, ce qui démontre que “subtilités” dans l´interaction thérapeute-patient sont importantes et constituent des éléments essentiels qui lient affectivement ces acteurs sociaux.

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T14:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1250001 bytes, checksum: c51820a267db0233b7c545995dcece05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T14:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1250001 bytes, checksum: c51820a267db0233b7c545995dcece05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-07 / The Popular Education speaks of a political-pedagogical path that requires the involvement and co-responsibility of all participants in the construction, ownership and multiplication of knowledge. It offers an instrumental for the development of new relationships through emphasis on dialogue, appreciation of popular knowledge and the search for insertion in local dynamics, bringing therefore a specific reference ratio and educational nuances appropriate to the health training. This study aims to analyze the merger of Popular Education in undergraduate medical UFPB, based on the experience of teachers and students participating in the Horizontal Module Practical-Integrative A1 (MHA1), to identify the lessons learned, the possibilities and the challenges of experience in context local. This is an ethnographic study, which used a qualitative approach, and the theoretical and methodological framework of the field of health education. In addition to participant observation and document research were conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with teachers and students. Data analysis revealed that the module has been established as a potent strategy in favor of training students in critical perspective, ethical and emancipatory, contributing, among other factors, to group work learning and the development of communication skills, interpersonal and dimensions such as accountability, commitment and connection between students and residents. The survey also revealed limits in the process of incorporation of EP graduation, namely: theoretical and political-pedagogical clashes between teachers; low workload contracted teachers, lack of identification of teachers and students with the political and philosophical values of EP and lack of theoretical debate about the best educational paths guided by integrity. / A Educação Popular fala de um caminho político-pedagógico que requer o envolvimento e a corresponsabilização de todos os participantes para a construção, a apropriação e a multiplicação do conhecimento. Oferece um instrumental para o desenvolvimento de novas relações, através da ênfase no diálogo, da valorização do saber popular e na busca de inserção na dinâmica local, trazendo, portanto, um referencial específico de relação, bem como matizes pedagógicas apropriadas à formação em saúde. Este estudo objetiva analisar a incorporação da Educação Popular na graduação em Medicina da UFPB, com base na experiência de docentes e estudantes participantes do Módulo Horizontal Prático-Integrativo A1 (MHA1), visando identificar os aprendizados, as possibilidades e os desafios da experiência no contexto local. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico, que utilizou a abordagem qualitativa, e o referencial teórico-metodológico do campo da formação em saúde. Além da observação participante e da consulta documental, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e discentes. A análise dos dados revelou que o Módulo tem se constituído como estratégia potente no favorecimento da formação de estudantes na perspectiva crítica, ética e emancipatória, que contribui, entre outros fatores, para o aprendizado do trabalho em grupo, a solução de problemas, além do desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicacionais, interpessoais e de dimensões como responsabilização, compromisso e vínculo entre estudantes, moradores e comunidade. A pesquisa também revelou limites no processo de incorporação da EP na graduação, a saber: embates teórico-político-pedagógicos entre docentes; baixa carga horária contratada de docentes, falta de identificação de docentes e estudantes com os valores políticos e filosóficos da EP, dinâmica institucional do trabalho docente, variações nas identidades acadêmicas dos docentes, tais aspectos repercutiam e influenciavam diretamente no debate teórico/epistemológico sobre os melhores caminhos de ensino orientados pela integralidade.

Le traitement des difficultés économiques des entreprises était originellement orienté vers leur liquidation en raison de sa conception traditionnellement moraliste puisque la faillite revêtait, alors, un caractère nécessairement fautif. Sous l’impulsion des différentes crises économiques ainsi que du chômage de masse qu’elles ont provoqué, il est apparu au législateur qu’une telle approche de la défaillance économique devait évoluer. C’est ainsi que, depuis plusieurs décennies maintenant, l’accent est mis sur la prévention des difficultés. Dans cette nouvelle donne, le législateur entend s’appuyer sur la caution, personne physique, comme levier d’anticipation. Il exploite ainsi la qualité de débiteur secondaire de celle-ci, en espérant que sa crainte d’être appelée à la suite du dépôt de bilan, l’amènera à orienter le débiteur principal vers les procédures préventives. C’est à cette fin qu’il lui étend, sous certaines conditions, le bénéfice des mesures protectrices édictées en faveur du débiteur principal dans le cadre de telles procédures. Ces mesures traduisent, ce faisant, un régime dérogatoire du cautionnement dans le cadre des procédures collectives lequel devrait inciter les créanciers, qui cherchent avant tout le règlement de leurs créances, à envisager comme garanties d’insolvabilité du débiteur principal d’autres mécanismes dont ce n’est pas pourtant la fonction première. A son tour, la caution, afin de conjurer le risque de contribution définitive pesant sur elle dans le cas où les procédures envisagées n’ont pas permis de solutionner les difficultés économiques du débiteur principal, devra explorer différentes pistes qui lui permettront de diluer ce risque. / The treatment of the economic difficulties of companies was originally oriented towards liquidation because of its traditionally moralistic approach, since bankruptcy was then necessarily faulty. Driven by the various economic crises and mass unemployment that they provoked, it became clear to the legislator that such an approach to economic failure had to evolve.Thus, for several decades now, the emphasis has been on preventing difficulties. In this new context, the legislator intends to rely on the guarantee, a natural person, as a lever of anticipation. It thus exploits the status of secondary debtor of the latter, hoping that its fear of being called after the bankruptcy, will lead it to direct the principal debtor towards the preventive procedures. It is for this purpose that it extends, under certain conditions, the benefit of the protective measures enacted in favor of the principal debtor in the context of such proceedings. In so doing, these measures constitute a derogation from the guarantee in the context of collective proceedings, which should encourage creditors, who seek above all the settlement of their claims, to consider other mechanisms of this type as collateral for the insolvency of the principal debtor is not the primary function. In turn, the guarantor, in order to ward off the risk of a definitive contribution burdening it in the event that the procedures envisaged have not resolved the economic difficulties of the principal debtor, will have to explore different avenues which will allow it to dilute this risk.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie proefskrif word daar gekonsentreer op die bewyslas in die nywerheidshof omdat die nywerheidshof se benadering met betrekking tot die bewyslas verskil van geval tot gevaL afhangende van die aard van die regshulp waarvoor die party je die nywerheidshof nader. In die tweede plek volg 'n bespreking van hoe en deur wie die voorlegging van getuienis aan die nywerheidshof mag geskied, hetsy by wyse van dokumente of getuies en daarbenewens oak 'n bespreking van watter soort getuienis aan die nywerheidshof voorgele mag word met spesifieke verwysing na inter alia, klankopnames, videobande en die resultate van leuenverklikkertoetse. / In this thesis there will be concentrated on the burden of proof in the industrial court because the industrial court's approach in regard to the burden of proof differs from case to case, depending on the nature of the legal aid for which the party /ies approaches the industrial court. In the second place a discussion will follow of how and by whom the presenting of evidence can be done, whether by documents or by witnesses, and in addition thereto also a discussion on which sort of evidence can be presented to the industrial court with specific reference to, inter alia, taperecordings, video tapes and the results of lie-detector tests. / Private Law / LL.M. (Handelsreg)

La relation individuelle de travail a pour particularité de reposer traditionnellement sur une inégalité des parties. Ce sentiment d'inégalité des forces est perçue dans la relation individuelle de travail toute entière. Ainsi, la supériorité de l'employeur est ressentie au travers de la subordination juridique qui lie inéluctablement le salarié à son employeur. De même, cette supériorité est perceptible lors de l'élaboration de la relation individuelle de travail qui repose théoriquement sur la sujétion de la partie faible. Aussi, se fondant sur les évolutions proposées par le droit commun, nous souhaitons démontrer que le développement de l'information contribue à réduire la domination subie par le salarié. Ainsi, la première partie de ce travail tente d'apporter la démonstration selon laquelle le salarié, partie faible lors de la création de la relation de travail, peut se libérer de celle-ci au moyen de l'information. Cette dernière offre, tantôt par son effet obligatoire, tantôt par son effet libérateur une solidité certaine à l'acte d'engagement du salarié. Une fois la relation de travail établie, le salarié estlogiquement soumis aux pouvoirs reconnus à l'employeur. La deuxième partie de ce travail se propose donc d'entrevoir la manière avec laquelle l'information permet de contourner la force d'attraction de ces pouvoirs qui, s'ils ne sont pas mis en oeuvre de façon transparente, font perdre à l'employeur sa légitimité à agir. / The individual employment relationship has the particularity to rely on traditionally unequal parties. This feeling of inequality is perceived strengths in the individual employment relationship as a whole. Thus, the superiority of the employer is felt through the legal subordination that inevitably binds the employee to the employer. Similarly, this superiority is evident in the development of the individual employment relationship based theoretically on the subjection of the weaker party. Also, based on the changes proposed by the law, we want to demonstrate that the development of information helps to reduce the domination suffered by the employee. Thus, the first part of this work attempts to provide proof that the employee weakest part in the creation of the employment relationship, can get rid of it using the information. This latest offering, sometimes by its binding effect, sometimes by liberating some solidity to the act of engagement of the employee. Once the working relationship, the employee is logically subject to the powers granted to the employer. The second part of this work proposes a glimpse of the way in which the information is used to bypass the pull of those powers which, if they are not implemented in a transparent manner, are lost to the employer legitimacy to act.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie proefskrif word daar gekonsentreer op die bewyslas in die nywerheidshof omdat die nywerheidshof se benadering met betrekking tot die bewyslas verskil van geval tot gevaL afhangende van die aard van die regshulp waarvoor die party je die nywerheidshof nader. In die tweede plek volg 'n bespreking van hoe en deur wie die voorlegging van getuienis aan die nywerheidshof mag geskied, hetsy by wyse van dokumente of getuies en daarbenewens oak 'n bespreking van watter soort getuienis aan die nywerheidshof voorgele mag word met spesifieke verwysing na inter alia, klankopnames, videobande en die resultate van leuenverklikkertoetse. / In this thesis there will be concentrated on the burden of proof in the industrial court because the industrial court's approach in regard to the burden of proof differs from case to case, depending on the nature of the legal aid for which the party /ies approaches the industrial court. In the second place a discussion will follow of how and by whom the presenting of evidence can be done, whether by documents or by witnesses, and in addition thereto also a discussion on which sort of evidence can be presented to the industrial court with specific reference to, inter alia, taperecordings, video tapes and the results of lie-detector tests. / Private Law / LL.M. (Handelsreg)

Le financement constitue le nerf de l’activité de l’entreprise et de son développement. Dès lors, le fournisseur de concours est le partenaire privilégié à qui incombe la difficile mission de financer les entreprises, particulièrement lorsque s’ouvre une procédure. L’octroi de crédit est ainsi au cœur du droit des entreprises en difficulté. De fait, le débiteur « failli » va manquer à ses engagements et perturber l’ordre juridique. Apparaît alors le facteur risque dans l’octroi de crédit aux entreprises en difficulté. Ce risque se traduit, pour le banquier, par l’incertitude de recouvrement de sa créance ou par les vicissitudes du contrat bancaire dont la continuation ou la cession peut lui être imposée. Cependant, le risque ne doit pas justifier le refus du banquier d’accorder du crédit au débiteur défaillant. Le droit se doit d’intégrer la prise de risque dans la fourniture de crédit. Dans ce contexte, le fournisseur de concours ne se présente pas comme un créancier comme les autres. Il y a alors inégalité des créanciers en fonction de leur influence dans le sauvetage du débiteur. C’est cette hypothèse qui nous a servi de fil conducteur. La recevabilité de l’action est neutralisée et devient une technique au service d’une finalité : la sauvegarde de l’entreprise. A cet égard, le fournisseur de concours dispose d’un traitement protecteur d’une part, et demeure exposé aux règles de la procédure d’autre part. Le pendant de la protection est par conséquent son incontournable exposition par le maintien de sa responsabilité. / Financing is the nerve of the firm’s activity and its development. From then on, the financial assistance provider is the privileged partner who has the difficult mission of financing firm’s activities, particularly when a bankruptcy procedure is opened. So, crediting is the heart of bankruptcy law. De facto, the insolvent debtor will miss in his commitments and will disrupt the legal order. So appears the financial assistance provided to ailing firm’s risk. This risk is translated, for the banker, by the uncertainty of recovering of its debt or by the vicissitude of the banking contract which continuation or transfer can be imposed. However, the risk does not have to justify the banker to refuse granting credit to the failing debtor. Legal system has to consider risk-taking into the supply of credit. In this context, the financial assistance provider does not appear as other creditors. Then there is disparity of creditors according to their influence in the rescue of the debtor. It is this hypothesis that led our work. The admissibility of the action is neutralized and becomes a technique in the service of a purpose: the saving of the firm. In this respect, the financial assistance provider has a best treatment, on one hand, and he still being exposed to bankruptcy rules, on the other hand. The result of this best treatment is consequently he’s main exposure to the implementation of its liability.