La hiérarchie des normes est une notion commune du langage juridique. Les conventions, à l’instar de la Constitution à l’égard de la loi, peuvent-elle entretenir entre elles des relations hiérarchiques ? Trois éléments feraient obstacle à cette hypothèse. L’effet relatif des conventions, l’identité de nature juridique de ces actes et, enfin, le fait que les conventions ne soient pas des règles de Droit mais des actes d’exécution du droit.Lever un à un ces obstacles qui ne sont pas rédhibitoires et démontrer que le contrat est une règle de Droit, autorise alors à admettre théoriquement cette hypothèse. L’étude du droit positif permet ensuite de confirmer que des conventions peuvent entretenir des rapports hiérarchiques. Tel est le cas du contrat de société à l’égard des conventions de la société contractante ou bien encore du mandat à l’égard du contrat projeté.Il est alors possible d’étudier les conditions dans lesquelles un lien de nature hiérarchique peut apparaître. Les conditions préalables à cette mise en ordre supposent une pluralité d’actes et la nature conventionnelle de ceux-ci. Les « éléments constitutifs » du lien hiérarchique supposent eux que la convention qui occupe la place de norme supérieure soit impérative à l’égard des parties à la seconde convention / The hierarchy of norms is a common notion of juridical language. Can contracts, like the Constitution regarding law, organize into a hierarchy? Three elements would put an obstacle in the way of this assumption. The relative effect of contracts, the juridical identity of theses acts and, finally, the fact that contracts are not rules of law but acts of law enforcement.Raising these obstacles one by one, obstacles that are not totally unacceptable, and demonstrating that the contract is a rule of law, allows then to theoretically admit this possibility. The study of substantive law confirms afterwards that cont can be organized into a hierarchy. This is the case of the society contract regarding the conventions of the contracting society, and of the mandate with the contract that is planned.It is then possible to study the conditions under which a hierarchical link can appear. The prerequisites for this hierarchical organization require a plurality of acts and their contractual nature. The "making up elements" of the hierarchical link are based on the assumption that the contract that holds the higher norm is with regard to the parties of the second contract

Pratiqués depuis les années 1970, les accords de gestion connaissent une fulgurante ascension. Devenus un instrument de promotion d’une gestion pacifiée des relations sociales, leurs conclusions sont évoquées par la presse généraliste. « Le nouveau contrat social » ou « l’accord de compétitivité », respectivement conclus au sein des groupes PSA et Renault, illustrent bien la diffusion de ces pratiques. Pourtant, l’analyse juridique dominante bute devant la très grande originalité de ces accords. Rarement identifiés pour leurs propriétés intrinsèques, guère plus définis par des critères précis, les accords de gestion constituent au mieux une figure juridique évanescente. Les consécrations du plan de sauvegarde de l’emploi conventionnel, de l’accord de méthode, de « l’accord social d’accompagnement », de l’accord de gestion des emplois et des parcours professionnels, de l’accord de performance collective, des « plans de départs provoqués » et de l’accord portant rupture conventionnelle collective invitent pourtant à caractériser l’existence d’un objet d’étude particulier. / Practiced since the 1970s, management agreements are experiencing a meteoric rise. Become an instrument for promoting a peaceful management of social relations, their conclusions are evoked by the mainstream press. "The new social contract" or "the competitiveness agreement", respectively concluded within the PSA and Renault groups, illustrate the diffusion of these practices. However, the dominant legal analysis stumbles against the very originality of these agreements. Rarely identified for their intrinsic properties, hardly defined by specific criteria, management agreements are at best an evanescent legal figure. Consecrations of the plan of safeguarding the conventional employment, the agreement of method, the "social agreement of accompaniment", the agreement of management of the jobs and the professional paths, the agreement of collective performance However, "plans of induced departures" and the agreement of collective collective rupture invite us to characterize the existence of a particular object of study.

<div>Reviewing the literature verifies that manufacturing industries fall short of the required sustainable criteria in the system design.</div><div>One of the leading reasons behind such a failure refers to the lack of an effective system design's knowledge toward the selected solutions by benchmarking.</div><div>The Collective System Design (CSD) approach provides a countermeasure for this shortcoming by starting the design approach with a collective agreement upon the external and internal customer needs and then choosing the solutions for the system design to achieve those needs. </div><div>The general requirements and solutions to a manufacturing system are covered in the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD) in a linear and path-dependent fashion, which is a core derivative of the CSD.</div><div><br></div><div>The CSD application in industrial case studies has been provided in this thesis to elaborate on how the CSD approach assists industries to re-design their systems in a sustainable manner.</div><div>The segregation of the tools and objectives of the system re-design in a path-dependent fashion is guided by the design principles.</div><div>The case studies described how to achieve the external customer needs of product quality, quantity, variety, and on-time delivery with a collaborative work inside the plant. </div><div>This collaboration was built up by defining the customer-supplier connection inside the plant.</div><div>Cell re-design and balancing of operations with a well-defined standard work is also elaborated in this research to help produce what is needed to be shipped today with the least amount of waste in the system.</div><div>The after system redesign MSDD questionnaire analysis at these industries have shown that the industries successfully satisfied their system needs in a sustainable manner. </div><div><br></div><div>In those case studies, an internal customer need for a safe working environment was also brought to light and the CSD approach was introduced and applied to achieve the associated requirements of safety. </div><div>As the original MSDD lacked the requirements and solutions for the safety component, an updated version of the MSDD has been proposed to incorporate </div><div>the safety branch to the MSDD.</div><div>In addition, some enhancements to the current version of the MSDD have been made for a clearer and more thorough understanding of the system design.</div>

L’accord collectif de travail constitue un instrument remarquable de notre droit. Les difficultés qui entourent sa qualification depuis l’origine attestent du bouleversement qu’a entraîné une telle figure dans nos catégories d’analyse classiques. Il se particularise au sein de la catégorie des actes juridique à la fois en tant que modèle de droit négocié et modèle de droit collectif. Ces caractéristiques permettent de l’ériger à la fois au rang de modèle idéel mais également de modèle idéal. En effet, le modèle de l’accord collectif de travail se présente comme un objet que l’on ambitionne d’imiter pour ses vertus fantasmées ou avérées. Il en résulte une diffusion du modèle au-delà du droit du travail. Il est toutefois difficile de tirer les conséquences d’un tel constat sur le plan juridique. Logiquement, l’observation de ce phénomène imitatif devrait permettre, aux termes d’un raisonnement inductif, de dégager un droit commun à l’ensemble des accords collectifs identifiés. Néanmoins, leur diversité est telle que toute unification en la matière est illusoire. Une convergence est cependant possible mais elle s’exprime sur un mode mineur en termes d’harmonisation. Plus encore, il apparaît que la diffusion du modèle de l’accord collectif de travail produit dans un mouvement rétroactif surprenant des effets sur le modèle lui-même. / The labour collective agreement is an original legal instrument. Since its origins, the collective agreement has challenged the classical legal categories. The legal doctrine had difficulties modeling it. Now our days, as a model, the labour collective agreement does distinguish itself in two ways: it is a model for the right to bargain and it is a model for collective rights. Those characteristics erect the labour collective agreement as both “ideel” and “ideal” model. Actually, this model is one to mimic in the name of its alleged qualities. Therefore, the model is disseminated beyond the labour law. Many examples of collective agreements can be found outside the social law, some of which do share great similarities with the labour collective agreements. However, the legal consequences of such similarities are difficult to assess. According to an inductive analysis those mimicries could be the design of a collective agreement’s “common law”. Nevertheless, the collective agreement observed are so diversified that a unification is impossible. A mere convergence can only be identified. Surprisingly, the labour collective agreement’s model dissemination retroacts on the model itself.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1433100 bytes, checksum: 8ee73d598981780af8f916c529193f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This doctoral thesis deals with the question of labour regulation in a social structure characterised by postmodern mitigation of statehood. Analyzing private instruments of labour regulation, it was identified as the thesis s problem the procedures in which such documents may be inserted in Brazilian legal system. In confronting the defined problem, it was demonstrated the feasibility of embedding these structures of private regulation through a procedure analogous to the reception of international treaties on human rights as a supralegal status. By applying the deductive method, the thesis was built upon confronting the structure of postmodern social environment with its characteristic contingency, to the feasibility coexistence of private regulation instruments in the Brazilian legal framework. Alongside clearly outlining the main features of the postmodern society, it was analyzed how strongly Westphalian parameters were influenced by transversality, fragmentation and presence of private and quasi-private actors. From the evaluation of the relationship between national and international regulatory frameworks, it was concluded that the postmodern social structure bequeathed several non-linear movements between these two normative standards, which cannot be separate as isolated compartments. This change in the structure of the private relations regulations also showed significant effects on the regulation of social issues. Given the characteristics of postmodern society, this subject showed incipient, rhetorical and ideological responses, respectively from supranational and integration law, corporations codes of conduct and global unions. After having observed the inadequacy of orthodox responses, it became imperative to build a conceptual private framework able to be assimilated by domestic law. Accordingly, from the observation of the congruent characteristics of these various regulatory manifestations, it is possible to identify the transnational collective agreement concept as the agreement related to private or quasiprivate actors, designed to regulate social issues in a transnational environment. The transnational collective agreement, as conceptual category recognized, demands the identification of assumptions and requirements suitable to enable their assimilation before the Brazilian legal system. Using, as reference, the postulates about the assimilation of international law in the Brazilian domestic law, and especially the construction of the supralegalidade concept about international treaties on human rights (CF, art. 5th, §§ 2nd and 3rd), it is possible to identify benchmarks reception of labour transnational collective agreement. Being recognized the domestic erga omnes effects of collective bargaining agreements, produced by the private action of unions, identical treatment may be given to labour transnational collective agreement. Just as it operates in relation to the internal instruments of collective bargaining, transnational collective agreements must be assimilated from the observance of in abstracto and in concreto requirements, especially regarding a broader and more effective labour protection. / A presente tese de doutoramento trata da questão relativa à regulação do trabalho em um ambiente pós-moderno marcado pela mitigação da estatalidade. Analisando os instrumentos privados de normatização das relações de trabalho, identificou-se, como problema a ser enfrentado, a forma pela qual tais documentos podem ser recepcionados pela ordem jurídica brasileira. A abordagem do problema delimitado demonstrou a viabilidade da inserção dessas estruturas de regulação privada por intermédio de um procedimento análogo ao de recepção dos tratados internacionais sobre direitos humanos, enquanto norma supralegal. Por meio da aplicação do método dedutivo, a tese foi construída a partir do enfrentamento da estrutura do ambiente social pós-moderno, com suas características marcadas pela contingência, até chegar à viabilidade de convivência dos instrumentos privados de regulação na estrutura jurídica brasileira. Mediante a explicitação das principais características da sociedade pós-moderna, analisou-se como a matriz vestefaliana foi fortemente influenciada pela transversalidade, fragmentação e presença de atores privados e quase-privados. A partir da avaliação da forma de relacionamento das estruturas normativas nacionais e internacionais, concluiu-se que a sociedade pós-moderna legou uma série de movimentos não lineares entre as duas realidades normativas, não sendo possível separá-las por meio de compartimentos isolados. Essa mudança na composição dos regulamentos das relações privadas também apresentou reflexos importantes na regulamentação das questões sociais. Diante das características da sociedade pósmoderna, essa temática apresentou respostas incipientes, retóricas e ideológicas, respectivamente, do direito comunitário e da integração; das corporações, por meio dos códigos de conduta; e das entidades sindicais de atuação global. Constatada a inadequação das respostas ortodoxas, tornou-se imperiosa a construção conceitual de uma estrutura privada capaz de ser assimilada pelo direito nacional. Nesse sentido, a partir da observação das características congruentes dessas diversas manifestações regulatórias, identifica-se, conceitualmente, o contrato coletivo transnacional, como sendo o acordo de vontades, envolvendo atores privados ou quase-privados, destinados a regular questões sociais em um ambiente transnacional. O contrato coletivo transnacional, enquanto categoria conceitual reconhecida neste trabalho, demanda a identificação de pressupostos e requisitos aptos a permitir sua assimilação perante a ordem jurídica brasileira. Tomando como referenciais os postulados acerca da assimilação do direito internacional no direito interno brasileiro e, principalmente, a construção do conceito de supralegalidade dos tratados internacionais sobre direitos humanos (CF, art. 5º, §§ 2º e 3º), é possível identificar referenciais de recepção do contrato coletivo transnacional. Sendo reconhecido, no plano interno, o caráter erga omnes dos acordos e convenções coletivas, produzidos pela atuação privada dos sindicatos, idêntico tratamento pode ser conferido aos contratos coletivos transnacionais. Da mesma forma como se opera em relação aos instrumentos de negociação coletiva interna, os contratos coletivos transnacionais devem ser assimilados a partir da observância de requisitos a priori e in concreto, especialmente quanto ao oferecimento de uma proteção laboral mais ampla e efetiva aos trabalhadores.

Cette thèse restitue la construction des qualifications professionnelles dans les équipes de production de films de cinéma en France, sur longue période. Ainsi, ces collectifs de travail sont saisis à travers la question récurrente de la qualité professionnelle de leurs membres, comme le réalisateur, le chef opérateur, le chef décorateur, etc. et leurs auxiliaires techniciens et ouvriers. Cette qualité comprend plusieurs dimensions, comme le métier, la rémunération ou les représentations qui y sont attachées. Ce faisant, l’enquête porte sur la reconnaissance et l’articulation de ces dimensions :comment la qualification est-elle définie et reconnue ? Par qui et en fonction de quels déterminants ? Comment la qualification évolue-t-elle dans le temps ? Quelle relation est établie entre la qualification et les autres institutions sectorielles ? À travers une approche sociohistorique, la thèse entend montrer que la qualification se manifeste comme enjeu revendicatif récurent, engageant l'accès à l'emploi, la définition des hiérarchies et périmètres professionnels, la mobilité dans la carrière ou dans le parcours, etc. Dans le même temps, la thèse montre comment la qualification se constitue en assise d’une revendication plus large sur l’avenir de l’industrie. / This thesis intends to show the construction of professional qualifications in movie teams in France, over a long period. These groups of workers are observed through the recurrent question of the professional quality of their members, such as the director, the cinematographer, the production manager, and their auxiliary technicians. This quality includes several dimensions, such as the skills, the remuneration or the representations attached to it. In doing so, the inquiry focuses on the recognition and articulation of these dimensions: how is qualification defined and recognized? By whom and according to which determinants? How does the qualification evolve over time? What relationship is established between the qualification and the other sectoral institutions? Through a sociohistorical approach, the thesis shows that the qualification is constituted as a recurring challenge, involving the access to employment, the definition of hierarchies and professional perimeters, mobility in the career, etc. At the same time, the thesis shows how qualification is building a broader claim to the future of the industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Chagas Soares.pdf: 394781 bytes, checksum: 3b644927936f7d1dfaa03783a539e552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-14 / This dissertation addresses the practical aspects of the Committee of Representatives of companies, aiming to empower enablers to collective agreements concluded between companies and committee representatives elected by the employees, away from the discussions brought in later lawsuits designed to nullify the terms adjustment agreement between the employer and employees / O presente estudo aborda os aspectos práticos do comitê de representantes de empresas, tendo por objetivo dar meios viabilizadores aos acordos coletivos celebrados entre empresas e comitês de representantes eleitos pelos próprios empregados, afastando-se as discussões trazidas em ações judiciais posteriores destinadas a anular os termos do ajuste celebrado entre empregador e empregados

我國政府於民國九十年開始陸續公佈了企業併購相關法令，民國九十一年企業併購法頒佈施行，再加上公司法修法完成，企業併購相關法制成行。在企業併購時，員工常常會因為企業成本或是營運的考量而遭遇到工作條件上的改變或是裁員的可能，企業在集體勞資關係面向與工會的互動以及團體協約的效力關係到員工的權益。工會在併購過程中的權利以及角色，團體協約在併購後效力的延續以及繼承，再者團體協約因併購而可能造成當事人一方消滅，而使效力消滅，若要訂立新協約，有何規定是本研究所要研究的重點。 企業併購分為合併、收購、分割，企業併購在企業併購的方式中，不論是以資產收購或是股權收購的方式進行對併購公司的收購，都不會造成公司法人格的變動，而合併、營業轉讓或分割將會造成公司法人格的改變。因此在合併以及分割時，各種權利義務的繼承上較為複雜，而收購的情形收購則必需由收購企業承繼勞動關係上的權利義務。依據工會法規定，工會因應企業的併購必須做合併或分立。我國在相關法令上並沒有給予協商權以及資訊權的，僅讓雇主與個別勞工單獨商訂留用。除此之外就只有在大量解僱規定雇主必需與工會協商。而實務上我國的併購案也因此工會要爭取資訊權就相當困難，而協商也在雇主被動的狀況下進行。現行團體協約十四條以及第二十七條規定必需由新雇主概括承受團體協約，但是在分割上卻完全沒有規定。 在我國關於工會資訊權以及協商權是需要加強的部份，其內容可以不涉及營業機密，僅對於勞工可能受到的影響以及員工之後的安置方案進行資訊的提供以及協商，這方面可以參考歐盟以及歐洲國家、以及日本的規定，給予相關的資訊權；而協商不必全盤接受工會的意見，而是勞資進行協商，取得雙方的共識。在我國企業分割團體協約繼承規定上相當缺乏，可參考日本的勞動契約承繼法的規定，由工會與新舊雇主協商要繼承的協約部分。在併購後團體協約的規定應該要統一，可以讓兩企業內勞工在較公平的環境下工作，也不會有糾紛。除此之外，團體協約因為併購而失去效力這方面，應該要給予其餘後效力的保護。 / Our government announce the Laws about mergers and acquisitions（M＆A）after 2000 and then announce“ Business Mergers and Acquisitions Law ”in 2002 .While M＆A , the staff will usually be dismissed because enterprises want to increase their earning . The rights of the trade unions and collective agreement ,the purposes of collective labor relationship ,are the important issues about employees’ rights about M＆A . The role of trade unions about M＆A and collective agreements ’ effect should be influenced . Collective agreements ’ effect are changed because of M＆A . One of the key points of this study is what the rules are when enterprise and trade union want to sign new collective agreement . The article 4 (2) of “Business Mergers and Acquisitions Law”：Merger and acquisition include merger, consolidation, acquisition ,and division of a company . Only acquisition do not change the company’s body corporate in the three type of M&A ,and the other two types do .So what the employee’s rights are in the situations of consolidation and division are more complex than the situation of acquisition . According to “Labor Union Law”, trade union must consolidate or divisive because of M&A .There are no regulations about informing and consulting trade unions in our country’s laws. The companies must informate and consulate trade unions in the situation of collective redundancy .As the result, trade unions get the information hard about M&A ,and collective bargaining is a hard work .In the article 14 and article 27 of ” Collective Agreement Law ”provide that new employers must abide by the collective agreement which is signed by the original employer and trade union, but there are no regulations about the situation division. In our laws, the regulations about informing and consulting trade unions in our country’s laws must increase. It can not include the secrets of operation of enterprise. It contain what the staff will be influenced and how to settle the staff after M&A is enough. About the issues ,we can refer to the regulations in the EU , UK, German , and Japan. The companies of M&A can accept all of the suggestions of the trade unions when collective bargaining . After collective bargaining between the companies and the trade union of M&A, it can get balance option between the employers and the employee. There are no regulations in our laws about collective agreement’s effect about the situation of division. We can refer to the system of Japan which provide that the employers and employees can negotiate about which provisions of the original collective bargaining the new employer must abide by when the situation of division .After M&A ,there must be the same collective agreement for the two enterprises’ employees. They will feel fair in this situation . On the other hand, if M&A delegalize the collective agreement , the labor conditions shall continue to constitute part of the labor contract between the parties to the expired agreement until otherwise provided by a labor contract.

Cette recherche propose une analyse critique, à la lumière du droit français, de la négociation collective et, plus largement du partenariat social en Russie. Seront présentés tous les aspects du droit de la négociation collective dans une perspective comparative : la nature juridique de l'accord collectif et de la convention collective, leur place dans la hiérarchie des normes, les acteurs du partenariat social (syndicats, organisations patronales, Etat). Sont également examinés les principes applicables à la procédure de négociation collective. Dans ce cadre, est étudiée l'effectivité de la norme collective négociée à travers son évolution dans le temps et le contrôle de son application par les parties et le juge. Cette recherche fait ressortir les défectuosités du droit russe. La qualité de source du droit n'a été reconnue à la norme collective négociée que récemment. Sa nature juridique et sa place dans la hiérarchie des normes restent ambiguës. Les acteurs de la négociation collective n'ont découvert ce procédé démocratique qu'après la chute de l'URSS. La faiblesse des acteurs rejaillit sur le contrôle de la norme collective négociée, imparfait à ce stade. Le manque d'indépendance et d'efficience de la justice sociale russe est un autre obstacle à l'effectivité de ce contrôle. La doctrine russe reste encore marquée par le dogme de l'autorité de l'acte de gouvernement hérité de l'époque soviétique. Pour mettre en lumière ces défectuosités du droit contemporain, l'histoire du droit français et du droit russe sont convoquées pour comprendre les dynamiques évolutives qui parfois ont été mises en perspective avec des recherches sociologiques et des données économiques. / This study proposes a critical analysis of collective bargaining, and, more generally, of the development of social partnership in post-Soviet Russia, from the perspective of French law. All aspects of collective bargaining are presented comparatively, including the legal nature of the collective agreement, its place in the hierarchy of norms, the actors of the social dialog such as trade unions, employers' unions, the Federal State or the subjects of the Russian Federation. The principles of collective bargaining procedure are also examined. Within this framework, the effectiveness of the negotiated social norm, as well as the control of its application by the parties involved and the court are presented in their evolutionary development. The study identifies multiple imperfections in Russian law where the negotiated social norm was only recently recognized as a source of law. Its legal nature and its place in the hierarchy of norms remain uncertain. The actors of collective bargaining have discovered this democratic procedure only after the Soviet Union's collapse. However, the actors' limited access to power impacts the control of the social norm. This control is thus flawed. Relative inefficiency of social justice in Russia is an important impediment to the effectiveness of this control. Russian researches are still being marked by the dogma of the authority of the governmental norm inherited from the Soviet period. In order to demonstrate these shortcomings of the present day Russian law in their dynamic the historical overview of the French and Russian systems of law is included, sometimes sociological research and economic data are used to support the argument.

No description available.