Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Regina Guedes Ribeiro.pdf: 2014582 bytes, checksum: 9ed15eb96a478da32d4525fba8b94715 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research results of the fidget in relation to the absence of a consensus regarding the moral character of the induced abortion. In this direction, we lead an inquiry based in the following questions: how the life directions are produced in the moral controversy on the induced abortion? As the attribution of felt to the life for the actors in controversy discloses its beliefs on the sanctity of the life? For in such a way, we choose the case of the anencephalia as focus of inquiry. We objectify them to identify and to describe the moral controversy on the one of the induced abortion that placed in felt analysis the production of on the life; we analyze this controversy searching the directions on the life and investigate the used rhetorical strategies for the persuasion of the different meanings of life in the moral controversy on the induced abortion. As for the procedures, we leave of the notion of critical incidents to define the controversy to be analyzed and use the rhetorical analysis as pertaining discursive method Discursive Psychology / Esta pesquisa resulta da inquietação em relação à ausência de um consenso a respeito do caráter moral do abortamento induzido. Nesse sentido, conduzimos uma investigação baseados nas seguintes perguntas: como os sentidos de vida são produzidos na controvérsia moral sobre o aborto induzido? E, como a atribuição de sentidos à vida pelos atores em controvérsia revela suas crenças sobre a santidade da vida? Para tanto, elegemos o caso da anencefalia como foco de investigação. Os objetivamos identificar e descrever a controvérsia moral sobre o do abortamento induzido que colocasse em análise a produção de sentidos sobre a vida; analisamos essa controvérsia buscando os sentidos sobre a vida e investigamos as estratégias retóricas usadas para a persuasão das diferentes acepções de vida na controvérsia moral sobre o aborto induzido. No que se refere aos procedimentos, partimos da noção de incidentes críticos para definir a controvérsia a ser analisada e empregamos a análise retórica como método discursivo pertencente a Psicologia Discursiva

"This paper analyzes the decision making processes in the federal system through a case study, that of the Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport controversy, and reveals the role of the many governments and interest groups involved. ...In this study the background of conflict is reviewed, after which the CAB [Civil Aeronautics Board] decision, accomplishments and problems are discussed. The presentation will reflect the cooperative role of all governments in the federal system, plus pressure groups that contribute to decision-making in the federal system."-- leaves 2,13.

Cette thèse contient un commentaire et une traduction complète d’un ouvrage polémique peu connu intitulé "La Quintessence des intellects en vue de réfuter les philosophes en matière de science des fondements (Lubāb al-‘uqūl fī al-radd ‘alā al-falāsifa fī ‘ilm al-uṣūl)". L’auteur, Abū al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ al-Miklātī, est un théologien aš‘arite de la deuxième moitié du XIIème siècle et du premier tiers du XIIIème, qui évolue entre le Maroc actuel et l’Andalousie musulmane. Il se situe à un moment clé de l’histoire de la pensée andalouse : celui de la condamnation de la philosophie en général et de celle d’Averroès en particulier. Par les usages variés qu’il fait de l’oeuvre rušdienne, al-Miklātī est un témoin rare à la fois de la réception d’Averroès par ses coreligionnaires et de ce que pouvait être l’opposition théologique que combattait Ibn Rušd. La cible principale de sa réfutation n’est toutefois pas le Cordouan mais bien Avicenne, incarnation à cette période de la falsafa. Al-Miklātī est par là pleinement l’héritier de l’aš‘arisme post-avicennien et l’influence d’al-Ğuwaynī, d’al-Ġazālī et d’al-Šahrastānī est manifeste. Pour mener à bien sa réfutation, al-Miklātī n’hésite pas à se servir d’Averroès, autre grand critique – bien que pour des raisons opposées – du philosophe persan. C’est ainsi que l’auteur de la Quintessence des Intellects reprend la présentation du système avicennien qu’il trouve dans le traité d’Averroès Sur le Premier Moteur, perdu aujourd’hui, nous offrant par là deux passages cruciaux pour la compréhension de la controverse qui opposa ce dernier à Avicenne concernant la preuve de l’existence de Dieu. / This PhD thesis is composed of a commentary and a full translation of a polemic work entitled The Quintessence of the intellects in response to philosophers on the science of principles (Lubāb al-‘uqūl fī al-radd ‘alā al-falāsifa fī ‘ilm al-uṣūl). The author, Abū al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ al-Miklātī, is an Aš‘arite theologian of the second half of the XIIth century, first third of the XIIIth, who evolved between present-day Morocco and Muslim Andalusia. He lives at a key point in the history of the Andalusian thought: that of the condemnation of philosophy in general and Averroes’ philosophy in particular. Through the various uses he makes of Averroes’ works, al-Miklātī is a rare witness of both the reception of the former by his own co-religionists and of the kind of theologians whom he must have been confronting. However, the main target of al-Miklātī’s refutation is not Averroes but Avicenna, who is at the time the incarnation of falsafa. In this sense, al-Miklātī is a true heir of post-Avicennian Aš‘arism and the influence of al-Ğuwaynī, al-Ġazālī and al-Šahrastānī is undeniable. To accomplish his refutation, he does not hesitate to use Averroes, another great critique – though for opposite reasons – of the Persian philosopher. He quotes the presentation of the Avicennian system he finds in Averroes’ treatise On the First Mover, which is lost today, thus offering us two crucial passages for the understanding of the controversy that opposed Averroes to Avicenna on the proof of God’s existence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enezio Eugenio de Almeida Filho.pdf: 4288341 bytes, checksum: 6d7c3e5e0f23728ac321058b96f617c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-17 / Discovery Institute - Center for Science and Culture / This research follows the line of History and Theory of Science that has as a goal to explain the construction of scientific thought by discussing the foundation of hypotheses and theories within their historical contexts. The goal of this thesis is to analyze Mivart´s critiques and Darwin´s answers, and to verify if they were scientifically well formulated and based considering the scientific context of that time. The reason for writing this work is an attempt to fill a gap in the History of Science about the scientific controversy between Mivart and Darwin on the role of natural selection in the origin of species. This work´s hypotheses are two: that Mivart´s critiques, despite being religiously motivated, were plausible scientifically, and that Darwin answered them fully. This research analyzes the primary sources of Mivart (Genesis of species) and Darwin's Origin of Species, and other secondary sources. The result reached was that Mivart´s critiques were indeed scientific, and that Darwin answered them according to the evidences and scientific knowledge then available / Esta pesquisa segue a linha de História e Teoria da Ciência que objetiva trazer esclarecimentos sobre a construção do pensamento científico através da discussão da fundamentação de hipóteses e teorias dentro do seu contexto histórico. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar as críticas de Mivart e as respostas dadas por Darwin, e verificar se elas estavam bem formuladas e fundamentadas cientificamente considerando-se o contexto científico daquela época. A justificativa para a realização desta trabalho é tentar preencher uma lacuna em História da Ciência sobre a controvérsia científica entre Mivart e Darwin sobre o papel da seleção natural na origem das espécies. As hipóteses deste trabalho são duas: as críticas de Mivart, apesar de terem sido religiosamente fundamentadas, eram cientificamente plausíveis, e Darwin as respondeu satisfatoriamente. O aspecto teórico-metodológico foi a análise das fontes primárias de Mivart (Genesis of species) e de Darwin (Origin of species), e outras fontes secundárias. O resultado obtido foi que as críticas de Mivart eram científicas, e que Darwin respondeu-as conforme as evidências e o conhecimento científico da época

Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) liés au travail sont des maladies qui interrogent la formation du geste professionnel. Il est admis que ces maladies plurifactorielles nécessitent pour leur prévention des approches interdisciplinaires. Notre action s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie historico-culturelle de l'activité (Vygotski, 1978). La recherche en clinique de l'activité organise l'action d'appropriation par les sujets de nouveaux moyens d'agir sur eux-mêmes et sur la situation de travail. Elle débute toujours par une intervention dans un milieu professionnel donné. Nous avons répondu à la demande du service de médecine du travail d'une grande ville française. Des TMS au niveau des épaules et des lombalgies ont été diagnostiqués chez des fossoyeurs municipaux. Nous avons conduit cette intervention en psychologie du travail dans un cadre méthodologique clinique de l'activité ouvert aux coopérations interdisciplinaires avec l'ergonomie de l'activité et l'analyse biomécanique. La co-analyse de gestes techniques au sein de trois collectifs de fossoyeurs a pu bénéficier des apports méthodologiques de l'interdisciplinarité. L'intervention a aussi permis des avancées dans l'action de prévention initiée par les membres de la direction et les préventeurs réunis en comité de pilotage. Au plan conceptuel, le geste est une unité physiologique, psychologique et sociale. Dans l'analyse psychologique et sociale du mouvement (Clot & Fernandez, 2005) cette unité est appréhendée dans la complexité de sa dynamique inter fonctionnelle (Luria, 1973). Le développement du geste est pensé en termes de réorganisation qualitative des rapports internes entre automatisme et geste et entre geste et mouvement (Fernandez, 2004). Cette modélisation est construite sur le modèle des rapports inter fonctionnels entre opération et action et entre action et activité (Léontiev, 1984) ainsi que sur le modèle de l'activité dirigée (Clot, 1999). Ce parcours théorique et nos résultats empiriques font apparaître que les TMS sont des maladies de l'hypo-socialisation du mouvement par défaut d'interférences entre les contextes de sa réalisation. La dynamique des controverses gestuelles entre professionnels et l'organisation d'interférences inter-contextuelles sont analysées comme des méthodes indirectes favorisant la socialisation du mouvement en vue de prévenir les troubles musculo-squelettiques. / Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are diseases that question the making of the professional gesture. It said that the prevention of these multifactorial diseases needs interdisciplinary approaches. Our action is in line with the historico-cultural theory of activity (Vygotski, 1978). Research in clinic of activity organizes the subjects' action of appropriation of new means of action both on themselves and on the work situation. It always begins by an intervention within a specific professional environment. We answered the demand of the occupational medicine department of a big French city. WRMSD on the region of the shoulders and lumbers troubles have been diagnosed among municipal gravediggers. We led this intervention in psychology of work within a clinic of activity methodological frame open to interdisciplinary cooperation with ergonomics of activity and biomechanical analysis. Co- analysis of technical gestures within three gravedigger collectives has benefited from the methodological contributions of interdisciplinarity. The intervention has also allowed advances in the action of prevention initiated by managers and preventors together in a piloting committee. From a conceptual viewpoint the gesture is a physiological, psychological and social unit. In the psychological and social analysis of movement (Clot & Fernandez, 2005) this unit is comprehended in the complexity of its interfunctional dynamics (Luria, 1973). The development of the gesture is thought of in terms of qualitative reorganization of internal relations between automatism and gesture and between gesture and movement. This modelling is built on the model of the interfunctional relationships between operation and action and between action and activity (Léontiev, 1984) as well as on the model of directed activity (Clot, 1999). This theoretical route and our empirical findings show that the WRMSD are diseases linked to hypo-socialization of movement by lack of interferences between contexts of its realization. The dynamic of gestural controversies between professionals and the organization of inter-contextual interferences are analysed as indirect methods facilitating the socialization of the movement in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

This thesis examines the politics of history education, collective memory and identity in contemporary Taiwan through a qualitative case study of the high-school history curriculum reform and controversy from 2002 to 2012. Through eight elite interviews, the evaluation of an extensive amount of primary sources, and the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relevant history curricula and other official documents, I find that the most visible part of the controversy is a conflict between advocates of a “China-centered historical perspective” and the representatives of a “Taiwan-centered historical perspective”, who both try to reclaim the territory of national history to have their collective memory represented in it. Furthermore, my analysis of the relevant history curricula indicates that all of them are representative of the collective memory of more than one group. This demonstrates that the influence political parties can exert on history education is constrained by competing versions of collective memory. The thesis also shows how the strong tendency towards Taiwan-centered view on history within society has been translated into the history curriculum after the DPP created conducive conditions for meaningful change. Subsequently, the KMT tried to exert influence on the revision process, but continuous attention from the public prevented major changes. In the final analysis, it is very difficult for any political party or powerful group within contemporary Taiwan to impose one exclusive version of the past as national master narrative on the whole society. Competing collective memories of sub-national groups continue to co-exist within civil society, which demands for a more pluralist history curriculum that incorporates smaller “memory communities” in the national narrative to forestall social disunity and further controversy.

New Hebrew edition, annotated Catalan translation, and introductory study of Keshet u-Magen, a comparative study of Jewish, Christian and Islamic theology written in the context of the literature of polemics. This research shows the book’s originality as well as its philosophical influences and sequels. It also proves the uniqueness of a treatise which, probably for the first time ever, presented a thorough comparison between the three religions written by a fully-conversant author with a first-hand knowledge of all three cultures. The dissertation analyzes Duran’s transcendental contribution towards the systematization of Jewish dogmatic theology, and explores the potential motivation and target audience of Duran’s treatise: serving as an educational resource for Catalan Jews and anusim after the destruction of 1391, particularly for those who found refuge / Nova edició hebrea, traducció catalana anotada i estudi introductori de Qéixet u-maguén, obra que compara la teologia jueva, cristiana i musulmana, escrita en el context de la literatura de polèmica. La recerca prova que el tractat de Duran no és una mera còpia d’obres anteriors, sinó que presenta aportacions importants, segons mostren les seves influencies i seqüeles filosòfiques: introdueix, potser per primer cop, una comparativa de les creences de les tres religions escrita per un autor amb sòlids coneixements de primera mà de totes tres; i ofereix una transcendental contribució a la sistematització de la teologia dogmàtica jueva. El treball explora la potencial motivació i audiència del tractat, molt probablement concebut com a eina educativa per als jueus i conversos forçats catalans després de la destrucció de 1391, particularment per a aquells que trobaren refugi en terres algerianes.

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This thesis explores how scientists within the controversial scientific field of gene  transfer make their research doable. Based on in-depth interviews with gene transfer scientists and key individuals from different regulatory agencies and advisory boards in Sweden and the U.S.A., the study focuses on how scientists describe and reason about how they handle the various problems that confront them as they work in a technically advanced and highly controversial field of research. Drawing upon Clarke and Fujimura’s concepts of situatedness and doability, Latour’s concepts of enrollment and translation, Strauss’concepts of articulation work and alignment as well as Gieryn’s concept of boundary-work, the study analyzes how doable problems are constructed within gene transfer, from basic science to clinical application on human subjects. Doable problems were constructed by enrolling allies on different levels, translating interests and creating alignment of interests and activities of the allies enrolled. The study covers how scientists handle questions of funding, research cooperation and choice of scientific material as well as the ethical complications involved in gene transfer research and its applications. For the U.S. scientists an essential part of creating doable problems consisted of boundary-work in relation to regulatory demands and interventions, something that did not concern the Swedish scientists to the same extent. Gene transfer, due to its controversial character, has raised public fears and concerns. Using Goffman’s concept of frames, the study also analyzes how gene transfer scientists attempt to gain public acceptance by framing gene transfer as an ordinary kind of therapy, while simultaneously heralding it as a revolutionary new technology, in order to obtain the external funding necessary for an expensive and extensive research. / Avhandlingen undersöker hur forskare inom det kontroversiella forskningsfältet genterapi gör sin forskning möjlig. Utifrån djupintervjuer med genterapiforskare samt med nyckelpersoner inom  regleringsmyndigheter och rådgivande organ i Sverige och USA visas i avhandlingen hur forskare beskriver och resonerar kring hur de hanterar olika problem som uppstår i deras arbete inom ett vetenskapligt avancerat och mycket kontroversiellt forskningsfält. Med hjälp av Clarke och Fujimura’s begrepp situatedness och doability, Latour’s begrepp enrollering och översättning, Strauss’ begrepp articulation work och alignment samt Gieryn’s begrepp gränsarbete analyserar avhandlingen forskarnas arbete med att konstruera utförbara problem inom genterapiforskning, från grundforskning till klinisk tillämpning på människor. Detta sker genom enrollering av allierade på olika nivåer, genom översättning av olika aktörers intressen samt genom att dessa enrollerade allierades verksamheter och intressen läggs i linje med forskarnas egna. Avhandlingen tar upp hur forskarna hanterar olika praktiska problem, som finansiering, forskningssamarbete och val av forskningsmaterial, samt hur de bemöter de olika etiska problem som genterapiforskningen och dess tillämpning innebär. Avhandlingen visar även på en viktig skillnad mellan de intervjuade amerikanska och svenska forskarna. I USA måste forskarna hantera en stark reglering av deras arbete, något som inte berör de svenska forskarna på samma sätt; de amerikanska forskarna måste därvid använda olika former av gränsarbete i sina relationer till reglerande myndigheter. Genterapins osäkra och kontroversiella karaktär har orsakat rädsla och oro hos allmänheten. Avhandlingen analyserar genterapiforskarnas försök att skapa samhällelig acceptans för sin forskning genom att ge den en inramning som en etablerad form av medicinsk behandling. Detta sker i viss motsättning till en parallell inramning av genterapi som en ny och revolutionerande teknologi, något som sker i syfte att erhålla den nödvändiga finansieringen för en kostnadskrävande och omfattande forskning.

Professional competencies are explicitly identified in the primary learning outcomes for science and engineering degrees at many tertiary institutions.  Fulfillment of the requirements to equip our students with these skills, while formally acknowledged as important by all stakeholders, can be hard to demonstrate in practice.  Most degree awarding institutions would have difficulties if asked to document where in degree programs such competencies are developed. The work in this thesis addresses the issue of professional competencies from several angles.  The Open-Ended Group Project (OEGP) concept is introduced and proposed as an approach to constructing learning environments in which students’ development of professional competencies can be stimulated and assessed.  Scholarly, research-based development of the IT in Society course unit (ITiS) is described and analyzed in order to present ideas for tailoring OEGP-based course units towards meeting learning objectives related to professional competence.  Work in this thesis includes an examination of both the meanings attributed to the term professional competencies, and methods which can be used to assess the competencies once they are agreed on. The empirical work on developing ITiS is based on a framework for educational research, which has been both refined and extended as an integral part of my research.  The action research methodology is presented and concrete examples of implementations of different pedagogical interventions, based on the methodology, are given.  The framework provides support for relating a theoretical foundation to studies, or development, of learning environments.  The particular theoretical foundation for the examples in this thesis includes, apart from the action research methodology, constructivism, conceptual change, threshold concepts, communities of practice, ill-structured problem solving, the reflective practicum, and problem based learning. The key finding in this thesis is that development and assessment of professional competencies is not a pipe dream.  Assessment can be accomplished, and the OEGP concept provides a flexible base for creating an appropriate learning environment for this purpose. / <p>Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 738</p>