Este trabalho pretende oferecer uma análise crítica da Síndrome de Alienação Parental (SAP). Primeiramente visa apresentar o conceito de SAP, o modelo diagnóstico e interventivo tal como propostos por Richard Alan Gardner, psiquiatra forense americano. A análise de sua obra baseiase em uma leitura psicanalítica que permite ampliar a explicação da ocorrência da síndrome para além de uma descrição fenomenológica e objetiva tal como formalizada pelo seu criador. A definição clínica permite hipotetizar os termos genético-estruturais da SAP segundo um recorte psicanalítico a partir de Freud e Lacan. Parte-se da constituição do sujeito para explicar que a eficácia da SAP é possível a partir de um reforçamento da alienação fundamental induzido por um cuidador em uma criança que está na sua dependência. Realiza-se uma formalização mais precisa da síndrome a partir da proposição da SAP como uma montagem particular de transferência que se estabelece entre a criança e um cuidador, que desfaz ou minimiza os laços com o outro genitor. O fenômeno da transferência é decomposto em seus elementos formativos, a saber, identificação, sugestão, fantasia e idealização, de forma a permitir explicar a SAP como uma conjugação específica desses componentes que resulta na associação de uma posição subjetiva da criança à posição do genitor programador. Desta leitura são extraídas consequências à práxis no campo Psicojurídico, as quais permitem discutir algumas questões relativas ao tratamento e à sua regulação no interior do dispositivo jurídico. Embora a psicanálise critique modelos psicopatológicos e nosográficos, algumas linhas mestras iluminadas na SAP de Gardner trazem contribuições inovadoras frente aos sintomas da família moderna, permitindo resgatar a eficácia de um sistema disciplinar jurídico ligado ao processo civilizatório com efeitos terapêuticos e viabilizando a configuração familiar das duas linhagens como núcleo referente e formador da criança / The aim of this study is to offer a critical analysis of the Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS). First it intends to introduce the concept of PAS, the diagnostic and interventional model as proposed by Richard Alan Gardner, American forensic psychiatrist. The analysis of his work relies on a psychoanalytic reading that allows to extend the explanation of the occurrence of the syndrome in addition to a phenomenological and objective description as formalized by its creator. The clinical definition makes possible to hypothesize genetic-structural terms of PAS through a psychoanalytic view from Freud and Lacan. It starts with the constitution of the subject to explain that the effectiveness of PAS is possible from a reinforcement of the fundamental alienation stimulated by a caregiver in a child who is in their dependence. It is carried out a more precise formalization of the syndrome from the proposition of the PAS as a particular transference assembly that is established between the child and a caregiver that undoes or minimizes the ties with the other parent. The phenomenon of transference is decomposed into its formative elements, namely, identification, suggestion, fantasy and idealization, in order to explain the PAS like a specific combination of these components which results in the association of a child\'s subjective position to the position of the programming parent. Consequences of this reading are taken to the practice in psycholegal field, which enable to discuss some issues related to treatment and its regulation within the legal provision. Although psychoanalysis criticizes psychopathological and nosographic models, some guidelines enlightened in GardnerPAS bring forward innovative contributions to the symptoms of the modern family, enabling to rescue the effectiveness of a legal disciplinary system linked to the civilizing process with therapeutic effects and allowing the family configuration of the two lineages as referent and forming core of the child

Ce travail envisage la question de la filiation adoptive d’un point de vue clinique et théorique, avec les éclairages de S. Freud, D-W Winnicott et J. Lacan. Nous nous intéressons à la mère adoptive et à la mère de naissance, à travers les représentations, désirs et fantasmes. Ceux-ci, intrinsèquement liés au manque existentiel d’un enfant porté en soi peuvent s’avérer démesurés et aliénants, dans un écrasement du Symbolique par l’Imaginaire amplifié. Pris dans le désir maternel, l’enfant adopté est dépossédé de son histoire première. Objet réparateur, il est assigné à être satisfaisant. Notre analyse prend source dans les mythes, où les figures maternelles aux prises avec l’inconscient du désir nous permettent d’explorer les effets de l’effraction du Réel dans l’insu des origines, le champ du Symbolique dans la construction de l’être au monde et le jeu de l’Imaginaire, explorant comment le sujet se perçoit dans le regard de l’Autre et avec quels effets. Ensuite, nous approchons la délicate question de l’infécondité. Ce travail propose d’examiner l’adoption dans sa dimension puissamment fantasmatique : prendre un enfant tout fait ouvre à des fantasmes de meurtre de la mère de naissance, de dévoration et de parthénogenèse. Cet enfant du Réel grandit avec deux histoires, il y risque l’inquiétante étrangeté et il manifeste sa crainte d’une nouvelle déchéance. La recherche et l’analyse qui ont construit cette étude laissent percevoir l’importance des implications cliniques au regard de la complexité du maternel mais aussi du champ du langage, de l’approche historique de l’enfant fragilisé par la perte, les ruptures et le retissage de liens. / This work considers the question of the adoptive filiation from a clinical and theoretical point of view. In the Lacanian theory, the subject of the unconscious and the S.R.I, orientates the focus of our research. Maternal fantasies and desires, inherently linked with the essential void created by the absence of a child born from within can be disproportionate and alienating. The Symbolism is crushed by the amplified Imaginary. Our analysis reaches back to myths, where maternal figures are caught in the unconscious desire and allows us to explore: the effects of the break in the Real in unknown origins, the Symbolical domain of the construction of a being to the world and the play on the Imaginary, exploring how the subject perceive itself in the Other’s gaze and what are its effects. During adolescence the adoptive link is shaken and the mother’s psychological organisation is closed by a fantasmatic exacerbation representing the speaking subject being beside himself.We consider the desire to have child from the symbolisation to the conception, then we approach the delicate question of infertility in its distressing psychological aspect. This study offers to examine adoption in its powerful fantasmatic dimension: taking an already-made child can create fantasies about the murder of the birth mother, about devouring urges and parthenogenesis. The research and analysis which constructed this study help to consider the importance of the clinical implication.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how three books can be seen as a modern form of the Swedish working class literature tradition. The works are Linjen by Elise Karlsson, Tjänster i hemmet by Marie Hållander, and Cykelbudet by Anders Teglund. The first two books are fictional accounts of the precarious working conditions in contemporary Sweden, and the last book is a hybrid between novel and non-fiction. This thesis utilizies Marxist alienation theory, Bourdieu’s theory of capital and Guy Standing’s theory of the precariat. Furthermore, I relate the material to different defintions of working class literature. By analyzing the material with these theoretical concepts I establish that alienation is a common theme, that Bourdieu’s theory can explain the complex class positions of the main characters, and that all books depict precarious labor. The results show that the three books can be labeled as a modern form of working class literature, even though they differ from earlier forms of this tradition.

The purpose of this project was to prepare a script for group interpretation based upon the theme of "alienation" as it occurs in selected works of contemporary American poets. The script was produced for an audience on the North Texas State University campus under the direction of the writer. The thesis includes the script, a discussion of the process of adaptation, and an evaluation of the production. The evaluation is based, in part upon the written critiques of four expert guest critics.

This essay examines various aspects of alienation in Karl Ove Knausgaard's autobiographical novel My Struggle and its cultural contexts. The overall purpose of the essay is twofold. The aim is to analyze both the depiction and the causes of alienation in My struggle, and to examine how the cultural contexts contribute to the author Knausgaard's experience of alienation. To accomplish this the analysis is divided into two sections. The first part focuses on the literary character Karl Ove and aims to analyze the experience of alienation in the novel. The aim of the second part is, on the other hand, to look at how the cultural context affects the author Knausgaard in an alienating way, mainly how the media landscape and the digitalization of society increases Knausgaard's self-exploitation and the reification of his name. The second part, thereby, reads the novel as a work of autofiction where the author (Knausgaard) and the protagonist (Karl Ove) are treated as one and the same. The theoretical framework of the essay is based upon Rahel Jaeggi's and Hartmut Rosa's definitions of alienation. Altogether, the analysis indicates multiple examples of alienation in My Struggle. The protagonist, Karl Ove, is indifferent to the people and the world around him, and he feels as if he has lost control over his own life. Karl Ove is also unable to combine his two most important social roles in life – as a father and as a writer. Consequently, this leads to an internal division between his conflicting ideals and gender notions. Furthermore, Karl Ove is described as a rootless and formless subject, who is alienated from time and space. Another form of alienation occurs when Knausgaard becomes famous, and his authorship is reified. The reification of Knausgaard's name and face implies that he, as a commodified subject, is linked to the trademark Knausgaard™ over which he has limited control. Also, the results of the analysis suggest that it matters whether you choose to read the book as a novel or as autofiction. As a novel, My Struggle’s ending seems to indicate that the protagonist, Karl Ove, manages to replace his alienation with a meaningful seeing, and that he is able to shift his attention to what really matters in life. If you read My Struggle as autofiction, however, this progress is not that obvious. Rather, it looks as if the uncontrollable autobiographical feedback structure of My Struggle continues in media even after the novel is completed.

Denna uppsats uppmärksammar hur föräldrar till tonårsbarn med substansbruk upplever sin situation och det anhörigstöd de fått. Syftet är att skapa en förståelse för föräldrars egen situation kopplat till sitt tonårsbarns substansbruk, med särskilt fokus på att undersöka upplevelsen av behandlingsprocessen och egna behandlingsinsatser för föräldrarna på Mariamottagningarna i Skåne samt att få en ökad förståelse för vilka önskemål om förändring och förväntningar som föräldrarna har gällande anhörigstöd. Uppsatsen baseras på nio semi-strukturerade intervjuer med föräldrar till tonårsbarn under 18 år med substansbruk. Föräldrarnas berättelser och erfarenheter analyseras genom Scheffs teoribildning kring sociala band. Resultatet visar en tung belastning och bröda inom föräldragruppen, vars tonårsbarn hade komplexa problembilder. Föräldrarna hamnade lätt i problem- och emotionsfokuserade beteenden. Likaså beskrevs ett inre föräldraproblemfokus som skapade skam och försämrad kommunikation mellan förälder och tonåring och i värsta fall kris i familjen. I vissa fall resulterade detta i att föräldern satte sitt eget liv på paus med ökad risk för stressrelaterad ohälsa. Olika sårbarhets- och skyddsfaktorer hos föräldrarna genererar olika behov vilket talar för ett kartläggande av dessa för att sedan anpassa stöd och insatser till föräldrarna. Föräldrarnas hade blandade känslor kring det professionella anhörigstödet. Ett positivt upplevt anhörigstöd relaterades till en behandlarens eller socialsekreterarens bemötande, kompetens, helhetsperspektiv och samverkan med andra professionella i kontakt med tonåringen. Önskemål från föräldrarna handlade om ökad delaktighet i tonåringens behandling. / This thesis explores how parents of adolescents with substance abuse experience their situation and the support they have received from professionals. The purpose is to create an understanding of the parents' own situation linked to their adolescent’s substance abuse, with a particular focus on examining the experience of the treatment process and interventions for the parents at the Maria treatment centers in Skåne, In addition, the thesis aims to gain an increased understanding of parents´ own expectations, and wishes for change, regarding the provided support. The essay is based on nine semi-structured interviews with parents with adolescents under the age of 18 with substance abuse. The parents' narratives and experiences are analyzed through Scheff’s theory regarding social bonds. The result shows a heavy burden and load within the parental group, whose adolescents have a high level of comorbidity. The parents easily ended up in problem- and emotion-focused behaviors. Likewise, an internal parental problem-focus was described, which created shame and impaired communication between parent and adolescent, and in the worst case a crisis in the family. For some parents this resulted in the parent putting their own life on hold with an increased risk of stress-related illness. Different vulnerability and protective factors within the parental group generate different needs, which speaks for these being mapped in order to adapt support and interventions to the parents. The parents had mixed feelings about the professional support. Positively perceived support was related to a therapist’s or social worker’s reception, competence, overall perspective, and cooperation with other professionals in contact with the adolescent. Wishes from the parents included increased participation in the adolescent’s treatment.

This text is written with the purpose of examining the preschool's harmony and disharmony. What is happening in moments of interaction with others, children and educators, what is it in today's preschool that stands in the way of this interaction, and what will be the consequences of the development that leads us farther and farther away from this interaction? This text begins with three stories where in the first two I portrayed two situations of interaction, one from my experience of the world of music and one from the preschool. The third describes what will illuminate one of the essay's more conflicting situations.In my text, I have produced an analogy between the preschool's practice and the musical practice, initially with the aim of letting music be supportive in explaining the unseen and the elements that can be difficult to understand in the preschool, but this work has come to featurethe musical sphere increasingly throughout the text’s development. The experience of the music has been able to explain situations in preschool, putting words to phenomenon that sems to be without words, but it has also let the musical aspect itself be explained. In my investigation of the harmony, I have mainly been inspired and led by Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback's collection of essays Praise to nothingness - essays on philosophical hermeneutics. Her description of nothingness and its events through inspiration, influence and improvisation has taken me and the text on a journey in how interaction in preschool can look and what it can create. Through her text, self -transformation has become a central concept in my text and thoughts.As I have come to the study of disharmony, I have looked at Foucault's concept of discourse.The discursive formations that have been and continue to be creating the preschool curriculum and conditions, and here I have also looked at the consequences of the increasingly efficiency, quality- and production-focused preschool that we see today. Marx's thoughts on alienationhave been allowed to lead the text's reasoning about the consequences of this development and I conclude my text by asking myself and you as a reader:"What will happen to our children?

This dissertation is a critique of Marx's theory of alienation with emphasis on how Marx constructed his definition of man and consciousness. The main premise of the theory is that private property caused alienation but the hypothesis of this dissertation is that because the theory defined man and consciousness in an erroneous manner alienation was not possible, and that the conditions observed by Marx were exacerbated by landlessness. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Politics)

This dissertation is a critique of Marx's theory of alienation with emphasis on how Marx constructed his definition of man and consciousness. The main premise of the theory is that private property caused alienation but the hypothesis of this dissertation is that because the theory defined man and consciousness in an erroneous manner alienation was not possible, and that the conditions observed by Marx were exacerbated by landlessness. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Politics)

A família pressupõe um reduto de felicidade. Quando se dá a ruptura do afeto, é comum a ocorrência da alienação parental. Esse é um fenômeno que sempre aconteceu, mas recentemente passou a ser objeto de estudo dos doutrinadores, operadores do direito e das pessoas vítimas de tal prática. A alienação parental se verifica quando um dos genitores, em meio a uma disputa, usa os filhos para atingir, desqualificar e/ou se vingar do outro genitor. A prática de atos alienadores surge mais comumente com o fim do relacionamento do casal (pais). Vários juristas, psicólogos e assistentes sociais estão se adaptando ao reconhecimento e identificação desse comportamento que, se efetivamente concretizado, recebe o nome de síndrome da alienação parental. Os profissionais envolvidos com o tema buscam formas de evitar que o filho seja novamente vitimado pelo fim do relacionamento dos pais. Além de estudar a figura novel da alienação parental, buscou-se compreender as previsões contidas na Lei de Alienação Parental de n.º 12.318, sancionada em 26 de agosto de 2010, mostrar que a prática da alienação fere a dignidade da pessoa humana, viola sobremaneira os direitos da personalidade dos filhos e do genitor alienado, em especial, o direito à convivência familiar. Buscou-se também identificar as medidas que podem ser aplicadas para evitar e reprimir alienação parental, especialmente as relacionadas ao planejamento familiar, ao exercício da paternidade responsável, ao uso da guarda compartilhada e ao acompanhamento terapêutico. Por fim buscou-se avaliar as possibilidades de responsabilização do alienador, por meio de tutela inibitória ou ressarcitória. Estudos a respeito do tema começaram nos Estados Unidos, em seguida, na Europa, recentemente no Brasil, todos feitos inicialmente com base nos artigos e escritos de Richard Gardner e Françoise Podevyn. A produção doutrinária e jurisprudencial no Brasil sobre o tema ainda é tímida, sendo também objetivo deste estudo aprofundar a temática e produzir material doutrinário a respeito do assunto. / Family presupposes a stronghold of happiness. When affection ends, parental alienation typically ensues; this is a situation that has always occurred, albeit only recently has it become a matter studied by jurists, law practitioners and victims of such practice. Parental alienation occurs when a parent, amid some dispute, uses his or her children to hit, disqualify and/or take vengeance on the other. Alienating actions are most commonly exercised upon the end of the relationship (parents). Several jurists, psychologists and social workers have adapted to recognizing and identifying this behavior which, if effectively put into practice, is referred to as parental alienation syndrome. Professionals dedicated to studying this issue look for ways to prevent the child from being victimized again by the end of his/her parents failed relationship. In addition to examining the new legal issue of parental alienation, one has sought to understand the provisions set forth by Brazilian Parental Alienation Act No. 12318, sanctioned on August 26th 2010, by demonstrating that alienation violates personal dignity, strongly infringes not only the childrens but also the alienated parents individual rights, not to mention the right to family life. One has also attempted to determine the actions that allow for avoiding and restraining parental alienation, particularly those connected with family planning, joint custody and therapeutic monitoring. Finally, one assessed the likelihood of holding the alienating parent liable, by means of inhibiting or compensatory remedies. Studies on this subject matter started developing in the United States, then in Europe, and only recently in Brazil, and all of them were based on the articles and papers drafted by Richard Gardner and Françoise Podevyn. In Brazil, scholarly writing and case law on this subject has yet to become prolific, wherefor this present study also aims at producing academic material on the matter as well as deepening the analysis thereof.