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[pt] OS DIREITOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS E CULTURAIS NO BRASIL: ENTRE ESTRATÉGIAS DE MENSURAÇÃO E EFETIVAÇÃO / [en] SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN BRAZIL: BETWEEN MEASUREMENT AND ENFORCEMENT STRATEGIESANDREU WILSON PEREIRA LEANDRO 06 October 2023 (has links)
[pt] A presente tese de doutorado tem como proposta analisar a crônica
desigualdade social brasileira, a qual tem os grupos vulneráveis como sua maior
vítima, por meio da compreensão do binômio arrecadação-dispêndio de recursos
públicos. Por meio de tal enfoque, busca-se compreender o papel do estado
brasileiro na manutenção e recrudescimento das desigualdades
socioeconômicas, sobretudo pelo meio com que arrecada impostos e a quem
destina preferencialmente os recursos obtidos coletivamente, mas cuja fruição é
desproporcionalmente destinada aos estratos mais altos da sociedade. Como
forma de estabelecer um controle jurídico sobre o binômio arrecadaçãodispêndio
de recursos, utiliza-se do Pacto Internacional sobre Diretos
Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais de 1966 e de sua previsão que veda a
discriminação na fruição dos direitos enquanto, simultaneamente, determina a
sua realização progressiva, vedação à regressividade dos avanços obtidos e o
dever de máxima alocação de recursos disponíveis para a efetivação dos direitos
em questão. Defende-se na presente tese que tais características dos direitos
socioeconômicos e culturais correspondem a um avanço metodológico em
relação às formas usuais com que o direito brasileiro tem atuado para reduzir as
desigualdades sociais, sobretudo por meio da judicialização para a obtenção de
prestação estatais. Por fim, apresenta-se como a mensuração da desigualdade
social, principalmente entre os grupos vulneráveis e o restante da população,
propicia um novo ferramental para atuação legal e não institucional para acimplementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a construção de uma
sociedade mais justa. / [en] This doctoral thesis aims to analyze the chronic Brazilian social inequality,
which has vulnerable groups as its greatest victims, through the understanding of
the relationship between collection and expenditure of public resources.
Through such an approach, we seek to understand the role of the Brazilian state
in maintaining and increasing socioeconomic inequalities, especially through the
means by which it collects taxes and to whom it preferentially allocates the
resources obtained collectively, but whose fruition is disproportionately destined
for the highest strata. of society. As a way of establishing legal and democratic
control over the collection and expenditure of resources, the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 is used and its
provision that prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of rights while, at the
same time, determining their progressive realization, prohibition of the regression
of the advances obtained and the duty of maximum allocation of available
resources for the realization of the rights in question. It is argued in this thesis
that such characteristics of socioeconomic and cultural rights correspond to a
methodological advance in relation to the usual ways in which Brazilian law has
acted to reduce social inequalities, especially through judicialization of
fundamental rights to obtain state benefits. Finally, it presents how the
measurement of social inequality, especially among vulnerable groups compared
to the rest of the population, provides a new tool for legal and non-institutional
action for the implementation of public policies aimed at building a fairer society.
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Navigating the “New Normal”: Investigating the Relationship Between Full-time Remote Work, Organizational Justice, and Turnover Intentions.Truitt, Terrance A. 30 June 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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[fr] ACTION POSITIVE: ENTRE DIFFUSION ET RECONNAISSANCE / [en] AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION AND RECOGNITION / [pt] AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS: ENTRE A DISTRIBUIÇÃO E O RECONHECIMENTOJOAO DANIEL DAIBES RESQUE 21 September 2023 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese tem por objetivo avaliar parte do discurso público, acadêmico e
institucional, que fundamentou a moralidade legitimadora das cotas raciais. São
destacadas incialmente duas correntes teóricas distintas, de origens anglo-saxônica
e germânica, que dominaram parte do discurso público sobre o tema, quais sejam:
as teorias liberais de justiça distributiva e as teorias do reconhecimento. A partir
dos autores expoentes de cada uma dessas teorias, a saber: John Rawls, Charles
Taylor e Axel Honneth, busca-se compreender se essas teorias são capazes de
articular um conjunto de ideias e valores que possam subsidiar não apenas a
moralidade das cotas raciais, como também fornecer instrumentos que ajudem a
desenhar os objetivos e alcances dessas políticas. Nesse sentido, três hipóteses
foram contempladas: as cotas raciais são políticas resumíveis ao escopo normativo
das teorias de justiça distributiva; as cotas raciais podem produzir um tipo de
reconhecimento intersubjetivo capaz de gerar mudanças simbólicas e estruturais
para além da mera distribuição; as cotas raciais são uma modalidade de política
pública capaz de conciliar os objetivos dispostos de ambas as teorias,
independentemente de suas eventuais incongruências ou conformidades. Ao
reconstruir a genealogia do discurso filosófico que fundamentou a legitimidade de
tais políticas públicas, almeja-se reconstruir também as promessas e
potencialidades que as cotas raciais possuem, lançando-se mão da ideia de crítica
imanente como método de investigação da realidade social. Logo, aponta-se como
conclusão que as ações afirmativas, sobretudo as cotas raciais, podem mesclar
efeitos que representem melhorias redistributivas dos recursos sociais e materiais
fundamentais em cadeia, como igualmente um reconhecimento em sentido amplo,
abrangidas aqui as mudanças estruturais no acesso aos mesmos recursos. / [en] This thesis aims to evaluate part of the public, academic and institutional
discourse, which founded the legitimizing morality of racial quotas. Initially, two
distinct theoretical currents are highlighted, both from Anglo-Saxon and Germanic
origins, which dominated part of the public discourse on the subject, namely: the
liberal theories of distributive justice and the theories of recognition. Based on the
exponent authors of each of these theories, namely: John Rawls, Charles Taylor
and Axel Honneth, we seek to understand whether these authors can articulate a set
of ideas and values that can support not only the morality of racial quotas, but also
provide instruments that help designate the goals and reach of these policies. In this
sense, three hypotheses were considered: racial quotas are policies that can be
summed up in the normative scope of theories of distributive justice; racial quotas
can produce a type of intersubjective recognition capable of generating symbolic
and structural changes beyond mere distribution; racial quotas are a type of public
policy capable of reconciling the objectives set out in both theories, regardless of
their eventual inconsistencies or conformity. By reconstructing the genealogy of
the philosophical discourse that founded the legitimacy of such public policies, it is
also sought to reconstruct the promises and the potential that racial quotas have,
making use of the idea of immanent criticism as a method of investigating social
reality. Thus, it is pointed out as a conclusion that affirmative actions, especially
racial quotas, can have mixed effects that represent redistributive improvements of
fundamental social and material resources in a chain, as well as recognition in a
broad sense, including structural changes in access to their resources. / [fr] Cette thèse vise à évaluer une partie du discours public, académique et
institutionnel, qui a fondé la moralité légitimante des quotas raciaux. Dans un
premier temps, deux courants théoriques distincts sont mis en évidence, d origine
anglo-saxonne et germanique, qui ont dominé une partie du discours public sur le
sujet, à savoir: les théories libérales de la justice distributive et les théories de la
reconnaissance. Sur la base des auteurs de chacune de ces théories, à savoir: John
Rawls, Charles Taylor et Axel Honneth, nous cherchons à comprendre si ces
auteurs sont capables d articuler un ensemble d idées et des valeurs qui peuvent non
seulement soutenir la moralité des quotas raciaux, mais aussi fournir des
instruments qui aident à concevoir les objectifs et la portée de ces politiques. En ce
sens, trois hypothèses ont été envisagées: les quotas raciaux sont des politiques qui
peuvent se résumer dans le cadre normatif des théories de la justice distributive; les
quotas raciaux peuvent produire une forme de reconnaissance intersubjective
capable de générer des changements symboliques et structurels au-delà de la simple
distribution ; les quotas raciaux sont une modalité de politique publique capable de
concilier les objectifs énoncés dans les deux théories, indépendamment de leurs
éventuelles incohérences ou conformités. En reconstituant la généalogie du
discours philosophique qui a fondé la légitimité de telles politiques publiques, on
cherche également à reconstituer les promesses et le potentiel des quotas raciaux,
en utilisant l idée de critique immanente comme méthode d investigation de la
réalité sociale. Par conséquent, il est souligné comme conclusion que les actions
positives, en particulier les quotas raciaux, peuvent mélanger des effets qui
représentent des améliorations redistributives des ressources sociales et matérielles
fondamentales dans une chaîne, ainsi qu une reconnaissance au sens large, y
compris des changements structurels dans l accès à celles-ci. ici des ressources.
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RÄTTVISA BORTOM GRÄNSERSJÄLVRESPEKT SOM KOSMOPOLITISK PLIKT : Om global distributiv rättvisa: ett normativt rättfärdigandeAlnaji, Zezo January 2024 (has links)
This essay focus on the normative debate between cosmopolitanism and statism in the context of global distributive justice. The notion of basic structure and negative rights examines separately in two questions to understand distributive justice as a global subject rather than only national. Statists as Rawls holds the position that global distributive justice prerequisite a basic structure with coercive instrument. Pogge as cosmopolitan arguments for the existence of global basic structure, by addressing inequalities in real-world politics, in the form of negative rights violation. The aim of this study is to justify global distributive justice on cosmopolitan duties, based on normative political theory, reflective equilibrium, and conceptual analysis. The main issue is formulated into two questions in the following: • Does reciprocity constitute a global basic structure that presupposes resource distribution? • Can self-respect as foundation of rights justify global distributive justice? I do this first by analyzing the concept of basic structure, based on the notion reciprocity. This is to identify the basic structure of the global system that prerequisite global distributive justice. Second, I analyze Pogge’s formulation of negative rights as cosmopolitan rights, to modify them to a positive concept of rights. This is in purpose to avoid the libertarian counterargument presented by Narveson, that negative rights fail as a ground of cosmopolitan duties. I show first that coercion is not a necessary condition, but only sufficient for the basic structure. Thus, the global basic structure exists and prerequisite distributive justice, based on reciprocity. Unlike the national basic structure of coercive instrument, the global basic structure grounds on several global threats and challenges that tie all nations as alternative concept of coercion. Second, I show that cosmopolitan duties can be grounded on positive rights. I do this through the notion of self-respect and deontological ethics, which success to avoid the libertarian critique of cosmopolitan duties.
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Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Justice, and Affect: A Meta-AnalysisCochran, Megan 01 January 2014 (has links)
Counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) are an expensive phenomenon for organizations, costing billions of dollars collectively each year. Recent research has focused on justice perceptions as predictors of CWBs, but little research has been conducted on the specific types of counterproductive work behaviors (i.e., sabotage, withdrawal, production deviance, abuse, and theft) that result from specific organizational justice perceptions (i.e., distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) and the mediating effect of state affect. The current paper meta-analyzed the relationships between justice, CWB, and state affect and found that justice was negatively related to dimensions of CWB and state positive/negative affect were negatively/positively related to CWB dimensions, respectively. However, mediation of the relationship between justice and CWB by state affect was inconsistent across justice types and CWB dimensions. These findings suggests that, while managers should maintain an awareness of justice and state affect as individual predictors of CWBs, the current study does not necessarily support the claim that state affect explains the relationship between justice and counterproductive work behavior dimensions.
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Need for Cognition and its Effects on Equity Theory PredictionsBookmyer, Eric Daniel 22 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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[en] A SOCIOECONOMICS IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL RECOVERY REGIME IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO / [pt] UMA ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS DO REGIME DE RECUPERAÇÃO FISCAL NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROANDREU WILSON PEREIRA LEANDRO 21 January 2021 (has links)
[pt] A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como proposta analisar o
fenômeno da desigualdade social, sobretudo aquela que aflige os grupos mais
vulneráveis da nossa sociedade, problemas este tradicionalmente caracterizado
como um fato social e transmutar tal aporia numa questão jurídica. Para tanto,
utiliza-se do Pacto Internacional sobre Diretos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais de
1966 e de sua previsão que veda a discriminação na fruição dos direitos objetos do
referido pacto. Como efeito, a discriminação no desfrute desses direitos, mesmo
que involuntária, é uma infração ao dever de não discriminação, dever este que é
de aplicabilidade imediata e não sujeito a considerações de ordem orçamentária.
Posteriormente, é analisado o caráter neoliberal do Regime de Recuperação Fiscal
ao qual aderiu o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo pontuadas as repercussões deste
regime excepcionalíssimo para o proveito dos direitos socioeconômicos e
culturais numa situação de recrudescimento do conflito pelo dispêndio público.
Após, abordam-se exemplos de políticas implementadas de modo geral a
assegurar a fruição dos direitos socioeconômicos e culturais, bem como de
políticas para verificar se as políticas implementadas pelo Estado são ou não
discriminatórias. Por fim, é apresentada tanto uma sugestão de estrutura de
verificação das políticas a serem implementadas em âmbito estadual quanto
enumeradas iniciativas inovadoras em âmbito internacional que combinam baixo
custo orçamentário para sua implementação e alto impacto sobre o público-alvo
dos programas. / [en] This Masters Dissertation aims to analyze the phenomena of social
inequality, especially that which affects the most vulnerable strata of our society.
Problems such as these are traditionally characterized as social facts. However, it
is this Dissertation s purpose to approach the issue as a legal matter. To that end,
this work will have recourse to the International Covenant on Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights of 1966, and its provision which prohibits discrimination in
the recognition of the rights it sets forth. In effect, the discrimination in the
fruition of such rights, even when unintentional, constitutes a breach of the duty
of non-discrimination, a duty of immediate applicability and not subject to
budgetary considerations. Afterwards, the neoliberal character of the Fiscal
Recovery Regime to which the State of Rio de Janeiro adhered will be analyzed.
Remarks will then be made on the repercussions of this overly exceptional regime
on the enjoyment of socioeconomic and cultural rights in an environment afflicted
by the escalation of disputes on public expenditure. Furthermore, examples of
policies implemented with a general objective to ensure the fruition of
socioeconomic and cultural rights, as well as policies aiming to verify whether the
policies adopted by the State are discriminatory or not, will be presented. At last,
a proposal of State level policy verifying structure will be put forward, and several
innovative initiatives in the international ambit, which combine low budget cost
for implementation and high effectiveness over the target demographic, will be
evaluated.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF THE BOLSA FAMÍLIA PROGRAM IN LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF JUSTICE OF NANCY FRASER / [pt] ANÁLISE DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA À LUZ DA TEORIA DE JUSTIÇA DE NANCY FRASERFRANCISCO HAAS 04 November 2016 (has links)
[pt] A presente tese de pesquisa doutoral estará alicerçada no conceito tridimensional de justiça desenvolvido pela filósofa contemporânea da teoria crítica - Nancy Fraser. O objetivo é investigar os impactos que o Programa Bolsa Família - PBF - gerou na diminuição das desigualdades sociais na vida das famílias beneficiárias quanto aos aspectos da redistribuição, do reconhecimento e da participação paritária. Realizamos análise bibliográfica das pesquisas feitas sobre o Programa Bolsa Família do ano de 2003 a 2014. O percurso teórico desta tese buscou o aprofundamento dos conceitos de pobreza e de exclusão social, a análise do processo de desenvolvimento brasileiro e das políticas públicas para o enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais nas décadas de 60 a 90, focalizando também a experiência da transição democrática pós-Constituição Federal de 1988. Levamos em consideração os princípios constitucionais de 1988 e os tratados internacionais que respaldam a responsabilidade do Estado e da sociedade brasileira para a implantação de políticas sociais como o Programa Bolsa Família. Concluímos que o PBF produziu resultados importantes na vida dos beneficiários, garantindo a justiça redistributiva e de reconhecimento e potencializando essas pessoas para a paridade participativa como sujeitos integrais na sociedade. Reconhecemos o avanço do desenho institucional da política social brasileira, proporcionado pelo PBF, inaugurando assim um novo modelo de proteção social,
capaz de identificar a vulnerabilidade social das famílias brasileiras em situação de pobreza e de articular a redistribuição de renda e o reconhecimento, por meio do Sistema Único da Assistência Social - Suas. / [en] This doctoral research thesis is founded on the three-dimensional concept of justice developed by contemporary philosopher of critical theory Nancy Fraser. The objective is to investigate the impact that the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) generated in the reduction of social inequalities in the lives of beneficiary families considering aspects of redistribution, recognition and equal participation. An literature review of research was conducted on the Bolsa Família Program from 2003 to 2014. The theoretical path of this thesis aimed the investigation of the concepts of poverty and social exclusion, the analysis of the Brazilian development process and the public policies for dealing with social inequalities from the 60 s to the 90 s also focusing on the democratic transition experience post-constitution of 1988. We took into account the constitutional principles of 1988 and international treaties that support the responsibility of the Brazilian State and society to the implementation of social policies such as the Bolsa Família Program. We concluded that the PBF produced important results in the lives of the beneficiaries, ensuring redistributive and recognition justice, empowering those people to participatory parity as integral individuals in society. We recognize the progress of the institutional design of the Brazilian social policy, provided by the PBF, starting a new model of social protection, able to identify the social vulnerability of the Brazilian families in state of poverty and to articulate the redistribution of income and the recognition by the Single Social Assistance System - Suas.
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Affirmative action, equality and Section 8 of the constitutionVan Wyk, M. W. 11 1900 (has links)
The constitutionality of affirmative action in terms of section 8 of Act 200 of 1993 is investigated.
The study contends that in constitutional interpretation it is permissible to have recourse to
ethical precepts as long as these are anchored within the four corners of the Constitution. It is
contended that the •equality clause• does not prescribe equality of outcome in favour of
substantive equality of opportunity. It is asserted that group-based affirmative action may
justifiably be attacked as being unconstitutional; either on the basis that it infringes the nonbeneficiary's
equality rights in terms of sections 8(1) and 8(2) or that it falls beyond the
constitutional protection afforded to affirmative action in terms of section 8(3). Furthermore,
group-based modalities of affirmative action may also not constitute a permissible limitation on
the fundamental right to equality, if compared to an individual-based socio-economic affirmative
action model. / Jurisprudence / LL. M.
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Theories of justice and an HIV/AIDS health care policy for South Africa : a comparative analysisHorn, Lynette (Lynette Margaret) 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On The io" of May 1994 Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the first democratically
elected black president of South Africa. The occasion was regarded, both nationally and
internationally, as a triumph for humanity and perfused with a widespread optimism for the
future of South Africa. Mandela proclaimed in his inaugural speech that "Never, never and
never again shall it be that this beautiful land will experience oppression of one by
another .... The sun shall never set on so glorious an achievement." However, now, less
than 10 years later the rapidly accelerating and devastating HIV/AIDS epidemic is again
'obscuring the sun'. Those people affected so negatively by the racial, economic and
gender injustices of the apartheid past, seem again to be suffering a possible injustice,
because of a health and welfare system that is struggling to meet the needs of the HIV
affected population.
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the concept of distributive justice in South
Africa, within the context of this devastating epidemic. I begin by discussing the Bill of
Rights in the South African Constitution. I argue that an acceptable framework for a theory
of justice for health care in South Africa, must be worked out against the background of
this egalitarian Bill of Rights. I then consider the extent of the HIV epidemic, the effect it is
having on the people of South Africa and the consequent implications for health care
needs.
It is within this context that I examine and compare three theories of distributive justice,
namely utilitarianism, John Rawls' theory of "Justice as Fairness" and a libertarian concept
of justice, as proposed by Robert Nozick. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that
focuses on producing the 'greatest happiness for the greatest number'. I argue that many
health policy decisions in South Africa are in fact guided by this principle. However
utilitarianism has both strengths and weaknesses which are critically examined. Within the
framework of health care policy making, utilitarian justice dictates that rights are derivative
and that the welfare of the majority usually takes precedence over the pressing needs of a
minority. This issue in particular is discussed. Rawls' theory of "Justice as fairness" is critically discussed next. This theory has been
adapted to health care by Norman Daniels, who argues that the Rawlsian principle of "fair
equality of opportunity" is a suitable founding principle for health care institutions.
Apartheid entrenched a system of 'inequality of opportunity'. Consequently, a theory that
focuses on equality of opportunity, has many advantages within the South African context.
I examine this theory in detail and provide justification for my assertion that it could be
usefully adapted to South African healthcare and the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Finally, I discuss a Libertarian (Nozickian) theory of justice and examine both the strengths
and weaknesses of this theory. I attempt to demonstrate why a libertarian system, with it
vigorous commitment to moral and economic individualism and belief that one is only
entitled to that share of healthcare that can be paid for, would be unjust, if rigorously
applied within the post-apartheid South African context. I conclude my dissertation by reiterating
my assertion that "Justice as Fair Equality of Opportunity" could be used as a just
foundation for a theory of justice for health care in current day, HIV/AIDS affected South
Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teorieë van geregtigheid en 'n gesondheidsbeleid vir die VIGS epidemie in Suid
Afrika: 'n vergelykende ontleding.
Op die 10de Mei 1994 is Nelson Mandela ingehuldig as die eerste demokraties verkose
swart president van Suid- Afrika. Die geleentheid is in beide Suid-Afrika en in die buiteland
beskou as 'n oorwinning vir humaniteit. Optimisme oor Suid-Afrika se toekoms was oral
tasbaar. Mandela het in sy inhuldigingstoespraak verkondig dat dit nooit weer sal gebeur
dat hierdie pragtige land sal lyonder die onderdrukking van een oor die ander nie. Hy het
gesê dat die son nooit salondergaan op so 'n wonderlike prestasie nie. Nou, minder as
tien jaar later, is die verwoestende VIGS epidemie besig om weer die 'son te laat
ondergaan'. Dieselffde mense wat alreeds onder apartheid se rasisme en ekonomiese en
geslagsongeregtighede gely het, blyk nou weer verontreg te word; hierde keer omdat die
gesondheids- en welsynsisteem sukkel om in die behoeftes van die VIGS-geaffekteerde
populasie te voorsien.
Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om die konsep van distributiewe geregtigheid in die
konteks van die dreigende VIGS epidemie te bespreek. Ek begin met 'n bespreking van
die Verklaring van Regte soos vervat in die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet. Ek voer aan dat
enige aanvaarbare teorie oor geregtigheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsisteem
gegrond moet word op hierdie egalitêre Verklaring van Regte. Tweedens kyk ek na die
omvang van die VIGS epidemie, die effek wat dit op die HIV-positiewe populasie en hulle
familielede het, en die gevolglike implikasies vir gesondheidsbehoeftes.
Dit is binne hierdie konteks dat ek drie teorieë van distributiewe geregtigheid ondersoek en
vergelyk; naamlik utilitarisme, John Rawls se teorie van "Justice as Fairness", en 'n
libertynse konsep van geregtigheid soos voorgestel deur Robert Nozick. Utilitarisme is 'n
konsekwensialistise teorie wat beteken dat die regte daad die een is wat in enige situasie
die grootste geluk vir die meeste persone sal meebring. Ek voer aan dat baie van die
beleidsrigtings wat 'n gesondheidsorg in Suid-Afrika gevolg is, deur hierdie teorie
beïnvloed is. Utilitarisme het uiteraard sterk en swak punte en beide kante word krities
ondersoek. In 'n gesondheidsorg konteks beteken utilitarisme dat regte altyd afgelei is en
dat die welsyn van die meerderheid gewoonlik belangriker is as die van 'n minderheid,
selfs wanneer die probleme van die minderheid ernstig en dringend is. Rawls se teorie van geregtigheid word vervolgens krities bespreek. Hierdie teorie is deur
Norman Daniels aangepas vir gesondheidsorg. Hy stel voor dat Rawls se beginsel van
'regverdige gelykheid van geleentheid' baie effektief aangepas kan word vir
gesondheidsorginstellings. Apartheid het 'n sisteem van ongelyke geleentheids verskans;
gevolglik hou 'n teorie wat gelykheid van geleentheid verseker baie voordele vir die Suid-
Afrikanse situasie in. Ek bespreek hierdie teorie in detail en poog om my standpunt dat die
teorie besonder geskik is vir Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsisteem - veral in die konteks
van die VIGS epidemie - te regverdig.
Laastens bespreek ek die libertynse teorie van geregtigheid soos voorgestel deur Robert
Nozick. Ek probeer aantoon waarom hierdie teorie, wat gebaseer is op morele en
ekonomiese individualisme en gevolglik aanvoer dat mense geregtig is op gesondheidsorg
alleenlik as hulle daarvoor kan betaal, onregverdig is in die Suid-Afrikaanse post-apartheid
konteks. Ek sluit hierdie. verhandeling af deur weer te argumenteerdat Rawls se teorie en
die beginsel van 'geregtigheid as gelyke geleentheide' uiters geskik is as 'n grondslag vir
gesondheidsorg in Suid-Afrika vandag.
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