In the digital communication channels, the language is often described as more liberated and informal than the language used for other forms of writing. On the other hand, research has shown that the languages and the way it's used, are not detached from the commonly accepted norms that exist. This thesis aims to investigate what aspects and characteristics that are perceived as important when communicating through digital texts and chat conversations. The study further illustrates how respondents perceive their own language and how it may vary throughout various age groups. Previous research exhibits that there is an accommodation in the language based upon the receiver and situation. Furthermore, it also shows that what language is being used, is closely connected to a person’s identity. With this serving as a foundation, this paper examines how the elder respectively younger age group perceive their speech and language characteristics and what demands they possess on what language that is being used.  This study has been carried out through a quantitative method. More specifically, a questionnaire focused on respondents’ attitude of the language used in digital communication channels has been sent out. The sample was selected by a random sample strategy where the essay was shared on Facebook. To execute a comparative analysis, the respondents have been divided into two age groups; these two are “Respondents born 1991 or later” and “Respondents born 1990 or before”. This paper has successfully concluded that language norms and rules such as spelling, word order, punctuation marks and complete sentences, are perceived as important in texts and chat conversations. While both age groups consider the language norms and rules to be important, they do however differentiate to what degree. The elder age group perceive norms and rules as being more important than the younger age group. The characteristic that is the most important, in both age groups, is correct spelling. The study shows that there is a wider dispersion within the younger age group in comparison to the older age group, which is more cohesive and considers the rules and norms to be more important.

Mindre företag tenderar att ha ett behov av att samarbeta med externa aktörer för att tillgodogöra sig de resurser som krävs för att åstadkomma en lönsam verksamhet. Revisorn är en extern aktör som samtliga företag, i den här studien, är tvungna att ha enlig svensk lag. En annan extern aktör på ekonomiområdet är redovisningskonsulten, vilket företag frivilligt kan välja att anlita för att underlätta den löpande verksamheten. Tidigare forskning redogör för teorier om nätverk, vilken roll en revisor respektive redovisningskonsult har i mindre företag samt hur goda relationer kan uppnås. Den här studien kopplar samman dessa ämnen genom att beskriva hur mindre företags nätverk gällande ekonomitjänster påverkar revisorns roll. Studien består av tolv kvalitativa intervjuer med företag i Karlstad. Resultatet visar på att det finns fyra huvudsakliga sätt för mindre företag att bygga upp sitt nätverk på ekonomiområdet. Nätverket har i sin tur en viss påverkan på revisorns roll. Dock är det inte enbart förekomsten av andra aktörer som påverkar revisorns roll utan även vilken roll övriga aktörer antar. Får företagen mycket rådgivning från en annan aktör, exempelvis en redovisningskonsult, är behovet av att kontakta revisorn för rådgivning inte lika stort. Studien har även visat på att relationen till de olika aktörerna i nätverket har en påverkan på vilken roll och betydelse olika aktörer får. I en relation har aspekter som tillit och engagemang lyfts fram av stor vikt. Huruvida revisorn, respektive redovisningskonsulten, lever upp till företagets förväntningar påverkar deras upplevelse av revisorns roll. / Small companies tend to have a need for collaboration with external actors in order to utilize the resources required to achieve a profitable business. In this study, all companies are required by Swedish law to have an auditor. Another possible external actor on the subject of business is an external accountant. Unlike the auditor, companies have the option of hiring an external accountant voluntarily to facilitate operations. Previous research sheds light on theories about networks, the auditor, and the external accountants’ roles in smaller companies and how to create a good business relationship. This study connects these topics by describing how the business networks of smaller companies affects the role of the auditor.  The study consists of twelve qualitative interviews with companies in Karlstad. The results show that there are four main ways for smaller companies to structure a business network. The network, in turn, has a certain impact on the auditor's role. However, it is not only the presence of other actors that affects the auditor's role but also the role those other actors assume. If a company receives a lot of advice from another actor, such as an external accountant, the need to contact the auditor for advice is not as great. The study has also shown that the relationships with actors in the network has an impact on the role and significance of other actors. In a relationship, aspects such as trust and commitment have been highlighted as being of great importance. Whether or not the auditor or the external accountant lives up to the company's expectations affects their experience of the auditor's role.

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which selected communication tools used by teachers who teach online are positively perceived by their students in improving feelings of self-efficacy and motivation, and which tools may be perceived to be significantly more effective than the others. Students from the Florida Virtual School, a leader in online course delivery for grades 6-12, were surveyed to find their perceptions about how their teachers' use of email, Instant Messaging, chat, the telephone, discussion area, whiteboard, and assignment feedback affected their motivation and success in an online high school course. Correlations were done to discover if there were any significant relationships between variables that relate to teacher interaction and motivation. In addition, distributions of student responses to survey questions about digital communication tools and demographics were examined. It was found that there is a high degree of correlation between frequency of teachers' use of digital communication tools and student's perception of their level of motivation. It was also found that the digital communication tools most frequently used by teachers in communicating with their students were email, the telephone, and assignment feedback, and that the students found these same tools the most helpful in their learning. In addition, no significant demographic differences were found in students' perception of teacher's use of tools to enhance learning and motivation in their courses except in the number of previous online courses taken. These findings can help direct online high school teachers in their selection of digital tools used to communicate with their students.

This dissertation investigates the complex dynamics of digital communication, highlights the unique stressors it places on college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and advocates for adopting interdisciplinary methods to enhance their participation in online communication environments. While online interviewing has become increasingly common in the employment domain, it poses unique difficulties for individuals with ADHD, who may struggle with self-regulation and communication skills. Due to the absence of physical presence, online interviews pose a significant challenge to individuals in perceiving and responding to the nuanced range of non-verbal cues, which can greatly impact the effectiveness of their communication. To advance this investigation, the dissertation presents three manuscripts examining the self-regulation behaviors of college students with ADHD during online job interviews. It also proposes strategic interventions to alleviate their challenges and actively participates in the discussion on empowering these individuals to navigate the digital communication realm successfully. The first manuscript provides a comprehensive literature review of the current use of technology in higher education to prepare students with disabilities for online interviewing. The second manuscript presents a research study investigating self-regulation behaviors in students with ADHD during simulated online interviews using physiological measurements. The third manuscript focuses on how postsecondary educators can integrate self-regulation and aspects of neuroscience in their daily pedagogy. Overall, the results from these chapters illustrate the specific challenges faced by students with ADHD in online interviews and emphasize the significance of self-regulation strategies. By equipping students with effective self-regulation skills, postsecondary institutions can enhance their employment opportunities and overall success. These manuscripts contribute to a broader understanding of ADHD, self-regulation, and online interactions, informing future research and support strategies in the evolving context of virtual employment interviews.

The rapid evolution of technology and social media has brought significant changes to human communication. Since the efficiency of social networks depends mainly on the processing of their huge amount of collected data, they are all in search not only of the latest artificial intelligence but also of the creation of more evolved one. Advertising, digital marketing and customer service of social media is in the first line for this demand, yet the rapid progress in the AI field constantly change the ways of communication and the ramifications of this change are more than modern society can absorb and reflect on. This paper focuses on the latest innovations of AI in the social networks and the impact of AI on society and personhood.

I slutet av 2019 utbröt covid-19 pandemin vilket ledde till en ökad mängd distansarbete för företag och dess medarbetare samtidigt som användningen av digitala kommunikationsverktyg ökade. Distansarbetet har lett till att företag och organisationer har behövt utforma nya arbetssätt och strategier för att verksamheterna skall kunna fortlöpa utan att medarbetarnas motivation blir lidande. Denna studie innehåller motivationsteorier, distansarbetets påverkan på medarbetarnas motivation samt vilka följder detta kommer att ha på den framtida arbetssituationen inom mediebranschen. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en surveyundersökning riktad till medarbetare inom mediebranschen har ett bredare perspektiv framkommit inom ämnet. Studiens slutsats visar på att det finns utmaningar gällande implementeringen av distansarbete och användandet av digitala kommunikationsverktyg men att det kan leda till fördelar om vissa aspekter tas hänsyn till på olika sätt. Slutligen har studien även påvisat att distansarbetet lett till en förändrad arbetssituation i form av en hybridvariant av arbete på plats och distansarbete. / At the end of 2019, the covid-19 pandemic broke out, which led to an increased amount of teleworking for companies and their employees at the same time as the use of digital communication tools increased. Teleworking has led companies and organizations to design new working methods and strategies so that the operations can continue without the employees' motivation suffering. This study contains motivation theories, what impact teleworking has on employees' motivation and what consequences this will have on the future work situation in the media industry. Through qualitative interviews and a survey aimed at employees in the media industry, a broader perspective has emerged in the subject. The study's conclusion shows that there are challenges regarding the implementation of telework and the use of digital communication tools, but that it can lead to advantages in certain aspects due to different ways. Finally, the study has also shown that teleworking has led to a changed work situation in the form of a hybrid variant of on-site work and teleworking.

Turistinformationscentrum finns för att tillhandahålla besökare med relevant information om destinationen samt för att förbättra och anpassa vistelsen utefter besökarnas personliga preferenser. I samband med utvecklingen av digital kommunikation har besökarnas tillvägagångssätt att ta del av turistinformation förändrats. Tillgängligheten till turistinformation har fått turismutvecklare att spekulera om det fysiska turistinformationscentrum i framtiden kommer att fortsätta tillhandahålla information och tjänster i sitt nuvarande format. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med syfte att undersöka hur fysiska turistinformationscentrum påverkas av digital kommunikation i sin dagliga verksamhet. Detta för att bringa förståelse hur turistinformationscentrum kan arbeta i framtiden med digitala kommunikation i sin dagliga verksamhet. För att undersöka hur turistinformationscentrum kan arbeta med digital kommunikation i framtiden genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med utvalda intressenter som representerade två olika organisationstyper. Resultatet tyder på att turistinformationscentrumen arbetar olika med digital kommunikation och att det har olika synsätt på hur turistinformationscentrum arbete med digital kommunikation kommer att se ut i framtiden. Flera av respondenterna konstaterar att Artificiell Intelligens (AI) kommer att få en större betydelse i deras sätt att tillhandahålla information till besökarna. För att öka turistinformationscentrums attraktivitet med hjälp av digital kommunikation behöver chatt GPT bli mer kvalitetssäkrad i den information den tillhandahåller. Samverkan mellan turistinformationscentrum och andra turismaktörer behöver också bli bättre för att tillgängliggöra turistinformationscentrum som informationskälla. Det genomgående mönstret för studien är att turistinformationscentrum behöver arbeta med digital kommunikation som kan tillhandahålla personlig och marknadsneutral turistinformation. Tanken är att det ska fungerar som en förlängd arm av deras nuvarande verksamhet. I slutsatsen går det därmed att konstatera att turistinformationscentrumen behöver implementera digital kommunikation för att stärka sin attraktivitet bland framtidens besökare. För att det ska ses som en attraktiv källa av turistinformation behöver det existera i de digitala kanaler som besökarna använder sig av. / A Tourist information center exists to provide visitors with relevant information about the destination as well as to improve and adapt the visit to the visitors personal preferences. In conjunction with the development of digital communication, the visitors approach to accessing tourist information has changed. The availability of tourist information have made tourist developers to begin speculate about the physical tourist information center, if they in the future will keep providing information and services in its current state. This essay is a qualitative study with the purpose of examining how physical tourist information center in the future will be affected by digital communication in their daily operations. This study is to understand how and if tourist information center can still exist in the future with digital communication in its current state. Qualititative interviews where implemented with selected stakeholders to identify what kind of impact digital communication has on tourist information center daily activities. Two different organisations are represented to better understand how tourist information centers can work with digital communications in the future.The result implies that tourist information center are using digital communication differently. They have different points of views about their future work with digital communication. The majority of the respondents point out that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will have a greater purpose in their ways to provide information to the visitors. To increase the attractiveness of tourist information centers with the help of digital communication the AI chat GPT needs to provide more quality assured tourist information. The cooperation between tourist information centers and other tourism companies need to make the tourist information centers more available as a tourist information source. The consistent pattern of this study is that tourist information centers need to work with digital communication that can provide personal and market neutral information and works as an extension of their current business. The conclusion shows that tourist information centers need to implement digital communication to strengthen their attractivity among future visitors. For it to be seen as an attractive source of tourist information centers, it needs to exist in the digital channels that visitors are using. / <p>2024-05-29</p>

Working from a distance rather than at the office is getting easier with the rise of current digital technologies, making digital nomadism an alternative to local entrepreneurship. This study investigates 5 digital nomads in their current carrier as geographically unbound entrepreneurs with a qualitative interview method and analyses how they are using digital communications to their advantages, what downsides they might experience and the upsides of working this way which resulted in a framework. This study shows a lifestyle that opens up for an efficient workstyle with a potentially high life quality through use of outsourcing, digital communications and geographical freedom. The study also shows a paradox of using the internet to be free from traditional bounds by relying the business model on it and can be the only thing that binds the digital nomad.

L'aboutissement aux Commandes de Vol Électriques (CDVE) des avions civils actuels s'est fait par étapes, après une longue maturation des différentes technologies mises en place. La prochaine étape est l'utilisation de communications intégralement numériques et d'actionneurs intelligents. Cette thèse propose de nouvelles architectures, en rupture avec l'état de l'art, avec de nouvelles répartitions des fonctions intelligentes entre l'avionique centrale (calculateurs de commandes de vols) et l'avionique déportée (électroniques locales des actionneurs) dont l'avantage est d'exiger moins de ressources par rapport aux architectures conventionnelles tout en satisfaisant les mêmes exigences de sécurité et de disponibilité ainsi que les exigences croissantes en fiabilité opérationnelle de la part des compagnies aériennes. La sûreté de fonctionnement et la robustesse des nouvelles architectures proposées ont été validées respectivement sous OCAS/Altarica et Matlab/Simulink. / The current civil aircraft's electrical flight control has been changed to take benefit of technical improvements. New technologies, when mature, can be incorporated in aircrafts. Evolutions are considered towards a digital communication and intelligent actuators. This thesis is aiming at proposing alternative architectures with distribution of system functionality between flight control computers and actuators with less hardware and software resources. New architectures must meet the same safety and availability requirements with additional operational reliability (required by airlines). Dependability and robustness of new architectures have been validated trough respectively OCAS / AltaRica and Matlab / Simulink

The purpose of this study is to explore patients’ experiences and preferences concerning communication with primary care, as well as their attitude towards a future digital system to manage communication. The Swedish county councils and municipalities (SKL) is developing a new digital tool as a complement in the communication between patients and physicians, thus this research is a preliminary investigation of a larger approach. The research has been based on 20 semi-structured interviews with patients in ages between 21 and 86 from 13 different health care centers in Sweden. The interviews indicate that the communication between patients and physicians needs development in numerous ways and that the system used by the primary care contributes to negative outcomes in the communication. Patients’ attitudes towards a new digital system to manage communication were investigated and a majority was positive. The study’s results pointed out the importance of the physicians’ attitudes in the physician-patient communication, and brought some possible improvements to be done in the actual primary care system; as for example implementing new communication channels to allow an easier contact of patients with their health care center. The new communication tool was overall well received and even appeared to be a suitable solution for some of the problems discovered along the patients’ journey. The overall results obtained are positive and promising towards its implementation in Sweden.