Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-30T11:34:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO_DALTO_BARROSO_MACHADO.pdf: 989422 bytes, checksum: 22ea376b88186b8cd072559da6413b3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-02T14:55:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO_DALTO_BARROSO_MACHADO.pdf: 989422 bytes, checksum: 22ea376b88186b8cd072559da6413b3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T15:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO_DALTO_BARROSO_MACHADO.pdf: 989422 bytes, checksum: 22ea376b88186b8cd072559da6413b3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present study investigated if the model of memory dysfunction induced by iron overload, so far only tested in male rats, would be able to induce cognitive decline in female rats, aiming to validate it as an experimental model to study gender differences in neurodegenerative diseases. We also evaluated the effects of the activation of the G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on iron- and ovariectomy-induced memory deficits and the role of the PKA/CREB pathway as a mediator of its physiologic effects. Four experiments were performed: I ? female rats received iron (30mg/kg, per oral, p.o.) or vehicle (sorbitol, p.o.) in the neonatal period and after, in adulthood, they were submitted to the surgical protocol: ovariectomy (OVX) or false-surgery (SHAM), after 3 weeks, behavioral tasks were performed using the object recognition (RO); object location (OL) and inhibitory avoidance (IA) tasks; II ? the same two protocols cited before and behavioral tasks 3 weeks from the surgeries, but, immediately after the training sessions the animals received the selective agonist of the GPER, G1 (10mg/kg, subcutaneously, sc.) or vehicle (veh, oil, sc.), the long-term memory was assessed 24h after the training sessions; III ? dose-response curve in order to determine the the effects of the PKA-inhibitor (H-89) on memory retention of inhibitory avoidance task, the following doses were administered intraperitoneally to na?ve adult female rats: 0.1 mg/kg; 0.25mg/kg or 0.5mg/kg; and finally the experiment IV in which the memory of iron overloaded-ovariectomized female rats was assessed 24h after that they had received H-89 (0.25mg/kg, ip.) or veh 15 minutes previous to the training sessions and G1 (10mg/kg, sc.) or veh immediately after their training in the OL and IA tasks. We observed that the effects of iron overload in female, associated or non-associated to OVX varied according to the behavioral test that the animals were submitted. The lowest recognition index level in OL task was observed in the animals exposed to the iron overload and, subsequently, to the lack of estrogens secondary to ovariectomy. The acute post-training treatment with G-1 increased the recognition index in the OL task and it was also associated with an increasing in the latency to step down ifrom the platform to the grid in the IA task. Finally, all these positive results obtained with the post-training administration of G-1 were abolished when the animals received the pre-training treatment of H-89. Our study opens new avenues in the field of memory and estrogens once it introduces the association of lack of estradiol and iron overload as a pre-clinical phenotypical model of the aging process in women. Besides, from the best of our knowledge, it is the first evidence of the role of the G1 in the consolidation of the emotional memory as well as the first study connecting the GPER directly to the PKA/CREB pathway. / Este estudo investigou se o modelo de disfun??o cognitiva induzido pela sobrecarga de ferro, somente testado em ratos machos at? o momento, induz d?ficits de mem?ria em ratas, objetivando valid?-lo como um m?todo experimental que auxilie na compreens?o das diferen?as fisiopatol?gicas entre os sexos em rela??o ?s doen?as neurodegenerativas. Tamb?m avaliamos, de maneira in?dita, os efeitos da ativa??o receptor de estrog?nio acoplado ? prote?na G (GPER), nesse modelo combinado com o modelo de menopausa experimental. Al?m disso, especulamos o papel da via da PKA/CREB na ativa??o do GPER, atrav?s da inibi??o farmacol?gica da PKA. Foram realizados quatro experimentos para atingir esses objetivos: I ? ratas tratadas com ferro (via oral ? v.o.) ou ve?culo (sorbitol ? v.o.) foram ovariectomizadas ou submetidas ? cirurgia falsa (SHAM) na idade adulta, ap?s tr?s semanas do protocolo cir?rgico foram submetidas ?s tarefas de reconhecimento de objetos (RO), localiza??o de objetos (LO) e esquiva inibit?ria (EI); II ? ratas tratadas com ferro no per?odo neonatal foram ovariectomizadas ou submetidas ? cirurgia SHAM, ap?s recupera??o da cirurgia (3 semanas) foram tratadas anteriormente aos treinos das tarefas de LO e EI com G-1 (agonista seletivo do GPER, 10mg/kg, sc.) ou ve?culo (?leo de girassol, sc.) e testadas 24h ap?s o treino; III ? ratas naive receberam diferentes doses do composto H-89 (inibidor da PKA) para avaliar seu potencial amn?sico (0.1mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg e 0.5mg/kg; ip.) e IV ? ratas submetidas ? sobrecarga neonatal de ferro e OVX, ap?s 3 semanas do protocolo cir?rgico receberam quinze minutos antes dos treinos das tarefas de LO e EI o composto H-89 (0.25mg/kg, ip.) ou ve?culo (salina, ip.) e imediatamente ap?s o treino G-1 (10mg/kg, sc.) ou ve?culo (?leo de girassol, sc.), as ratas foram testadas ap?s 24h dos treinos. Os efeitos do protocolo de sobrecarga neonatal de ferro associado ou n?o a priva??o de estradiol variou em depend?ncia da tarefa comportamental avaliada. Na tarefa de LO os grupos submetidos ? sobrecarga neonatal de ferro e ovariectomia apresentaram os menores ?ndices de reconhecimento. O tratamento com o agonista do GPER ? G1 - foi capaz de melhorar os d?ficits cognitivos induzidos pela sobrecarga neonatal de ferro e/ou pela ovariectomia em ratas no teste de LO e EI, esses efeitos foram inibidos pela administra??o do inibidor da PKA anteriormente ao treino das tarefas. Demonstramos que o modelo de sobrecarga neonatal de ferro associado ? ovariectomia ? um modelo ?til para o estudo dos efeitos delet?rios da diminui??o dos n?veis s?ricos de estradiol na menopausa, auxiliando como modelo fenot?pico do que ocorre na cl?nica, onde as mulheres p?s-menopausa apresentam preval?ncia maior de Doen?a de Alzheimer que homens. Al?m disso, demonstramos de maneira in?dita os efeitos do composto G-1 na tarefa de esquiva inibit?ria. Nossos dados comportamentais tamb?m sugerem que o composto G-1 depende da ativa??o da PKA para exercer seus efeitos sobre a consolida??o da mem?ria.

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-12-08T18:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaBragaAlvesdeSouzaNevesDissertacao2015.pdf: 3780039 bytes, checksum: e7441c739d8c06909ad40fe09b06d993 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T18:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaBragaAlvesdeSouzaNevesDissertacao2015.pdf: 3780039 bytes, checksum: e7441c739d8c06909ad40fe09b06d993 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / The education sector's efforts to reduce sexual behavior risky of young people is still insufficient and braked by prejudices and taboos related to sexuality education. The 10-24 years old young people are vulnerable structurally and socially to: pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender, sexual violence, racial and ethnic discrimination, symbolic violence inside and outside the school, including bullying by these themes. School appears as one of the few institutional spaces for dialogue on sexuality education. In this sense, we carried out a study to analyze the perceptions of students and teachers of an educational center of high school in the Federal District before the sexuality education strategies. We opted for a case study, and observation, structured interviews and focus groups as a research technique with questionnaires as a research tool. The school that were researched incorporate educational activities concerning sexuality issue in the school routine for more than a decade. Although the project is considered successful by adolescent and youth perception, still walks with difficulty, such as the absence in the Pedagogical Political Plan, either by the end perspective when leading teacher leaving school. The project has the support of the students, the main stakeholders for the theme, and the charismatic leadership of a biology teacher. The trajectory of the project is winding, with shifting of direction and support, according to evidence, teachers prefer not to get involved with a "controversy" theme. In other words, the project does not develop its full potential because they lack domestic support, or they are presented ambiguously, with the exception of students most interested. The main results were identified: there was no increase in sexual practices due to the inclusion of sexuality education issues at school; most students consider important access condoms at school; reduction of pregnancy in school; expansion of dialogue between parents and children about sexuality; increase the school's relationship with the health service and reducing discrimination related to sexuality issues in school. / Os esfor??os do setor de educa????o para diminuir os comportamentos sexuais de risco de adolescentes e jovens ainda ?? insuficiente e esbarra em preconceitos e tabus relacionados a educa????o em sexualidade. A popula????o de adolescentes e jovens de 10 a 24 anos de idade est?? vulner??vel estrutural e socialmente a: gravidez, orienta????o sexual e de g??nero, viol??ncia sexual, discrimina????o racial e ??tnica, viol??ncia velada e simb??lica dentro e fora da escola, inclusive bullying por estes temas. A escola configura-se como um dos poucos espa??os institucionais de di??logo em educa????o em sexualidade. Neste sentido, realizou-se um estudo para analisar as percep????es dos estudantes e dos professores de um centro educacional de ensino m??dio do Distrito Federal ante as estrat??gias de educa????o em sexualidade. Optou-se por um estudo de caso, tendo a observa????o, a entrevista estruturada e o grupo focal como t??cnica de investiga????o tendo como instrumento de investiga????o question??rios. O Centro Educacional aqui pesquisado incorpora a????es de educa????o em sexualidade no cotidiano da escola h?? mais de uma d??cada. Apesar do projeto se mostrar exitoso na percep????o adolescente e juvenil, ainda caminha com dificuldades, seja pela aus??ncia no Plano Pol??tico Pedag??gico, seja pela perspectiva do encerramento quando a professora l??der deixar a escola. Ou seja, o projeto conta com o apoio dos estudantes, principais interessados pela tem??tica, e com a lideran??a carism??tica e interessada de uma professora de biologia. A trajet??ria do projeto ??, por si s??, sinuosa, com apoio inconstante da dire????o e, segundo ind??cios, os professores preferem n??o se envolver com uma tem??tica ???pol??mica???. Ou seja, o projeto n??o desenvolve toda a sua potencialidade porque faltam apoios internos, ou estes se apresentam de forma amb??gua, com exce????o dos estudantes, maiores interessados. Os principais resultados identificados foram: n??o houve aumento das pr??ticas sexuais em virtude da inclus??o dos temas de educa????o em sexualidade na escola; a maioria dos alunos considera importante o acesso do preservativo na escola; redu????o da gravidez na escola; amplia????o do di??logo entre pais e filhos sobre sexualidade; aumento da rela????o da escola com o servi??o de sa??de e redu????o de discrimina????o relacionada aos temas da sexualidade na escola.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-02T12:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidJungerdaFonsecaAlvesDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 1778372 bytes, checksum: 69480676e4eddeae32689d85dd9700ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-02T12:35:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidJungerdaFonsecaAlvesDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 1778372 bytes, checksum: 69480676e4eddeae32689d85dd9700ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidJungerdaFonsecaAlvesDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 1778372 bytes, checksum: 69480676e4eddeae32689d85dd9700ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / Cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists as leading cause of death in older age groups. The identification of cardiovascular risk in elderly asymptomatic lacks appropriate tools. From this perspective, brief physical tests have several advantages when compared to long distance and/or that require maximum effort. Although the walking speed test (WS) is a potential candidate, the consolidation of data is needed from multiple studies to determine comparative references. The aim of this study is perform a systematic review of literature examining associations between WST measures with traditional risk markers and cardiovascular events in people aged > 60 years and living on community. The methodology used search in Medline/PubMed and Scopus databases (??? December 2014). We selected 15 studies with population of 29.845 old people, that showed significant associations between WS, the risk (coronary calcification, C-reactive protein, hypertension, diabetes and medium intimal thickening) and cardiovascular events (death, peripheral arterial disease and stroke brain). Approximately 80% of the distance studies adopted ??? 6 meters and WS in the usual rate. High variability was observed in the results from the usual WST (0.8 - 1.3 m/s) and WST max. (1.1 - 1.6 m/s). Growing evidences reinforces the importance of the WST for the evaluation and the monitoring of cardiovascular health in the elderly. However, the variability of results and the diversity of protocols suggests cautious about generalizations of WST thresholds. / A doen??a cardiovascular (DCV) persiste como principal causa de ??bitos nas faixas et??rias mais elevadas. ?? imprescind??vel que novas medidas subcl??nicas possam identificar fatores de risco e predizer eventos cardiovasculares. Nessa perspectiva, breves testes f??sicos apresentam in??meras vantagens quando comparados ??queles de longa dist??ncia e/ou que demandam de esfor??o m??ximo. Embora o teste de velocidade de caminhada (VC) seja candidato potencial, ?? necess??ria a consolida????o de dados a partir de m??ltiplos estudos para a determina????o de refer??ncias comparativas e investigar se h?? a associa????o entre o teste de velocidade de caminhada com tradicionais fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revis??o sistem??tica de literatura, examinando associa????es entre medidas de VC com tradicionais marcadores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares em popula????es com faixa et??ria > 60 anos e n??o institucionalizados. A metodologia iniciou de pesquisa eletr??nica de estudos publicados nas bases de dados MEDLINE/Pubmed e SCOPUS, at?? Dezembro de 2014. Foram selecionados 15 estudos, com popula????o nos estudos de 29.845 idosos que evidenciaram importantes associa????es entre a VC, o risco (calcifica????o coronariana, prote??na C-reativa, hipertens??o, diabetes e espessamento m??dio intimal) e eventos cardiovasculares (mortalidade, doen??a arterial perif??rica e acidente vascular cerebral). Cerca de 80% dos estudos adotou dist??ncia ??? 6 metros e VC em ritmo usual. Observou-se elevada variabilidade nos resultados da VC usual (0,8 ??? 1,3m/s) e VC m??x. (1,1 ??? 1,6m/s). Crescente corpo de evidencias refor??a a import??ncia do teste de VC como instrumento simples, seguro e de reduzido custo para a avalia????o da sa??de cardiovascular em idosos. Entretanto, a variabilidade dos limiares de velocidade e a diversidade de protocolos entre os estudos sugerem cautela quanto a generaliza????es dos resultados para diferentes popula????es geri??tricas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 446282.pdf: 406866 bytes, checksum: 559a456fe796a110dd9ad34906b83206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-29 / Due to scientific advances achieved in recent years regarding the treatment of people living with HIV / AIDS, increased the expectation of quality and length of life of these people, experiencing sharp decrease in vertical transmission cases. The construction of the project contemplates motherhood in youth that go beyond these considerations, since the medical-sanitary issues, the psychosocial variables of contextual character may be present, such as gender expectations, social models or the definition of vital project, in the case of young people who were born with the HIV virus and its evolutionary process faced with different conceptions and expectations of living with HIV. From this perspective, the central question of this dissertation is to identify how elements derived from narratives about life projects, especially motherhood of young HIV infected via vertical transmission is built and how they relate to the elements present in the biomedical Policies health of Women, Adolescents and Young and STD / AIDS.This research is the construction of two exploratory empirical articles, delineating where qualitative interviews were conducted and where autobiographical narratives and interviews, documentary analysis of public policy attention and care to this population segment were analyzed, from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA)with the aid of computer tool for qualitative analysis of textual data Atlas / Ti. The survey participants are thre young people, aged 16-20 years, infected via vertical transmission, enrolled in a center specialized in STD / AIDS in the city of Porto Alegre / RS. Data collection occurred from June to September 2012. Among the results of this work highlight the incosistencies and departures Public Policy of attention and care to people living whit HIV/AIDS, because many are the real barriers to achievement of comprehensive actions aimed at this population. There are obstacles that arise from the social, family, individual and programmatic that become more complex living whit HIV/AIDS, by young women and covering the construction f their life projects / Devido ao avan?o cient?fico obtido nos ?ltimos anos em rela??o ao tratamento de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids, aumentou consideravelmente a expectativa de qualidade e tempo de vida dessas pessoas, ocorrendo acentuada diminui??o nos casos de transmiss?o vertical. A constru??o do projeto de maternidade na juventude contempla aspectos que v?o al?m dessas considera??es, uma vez que as quest?es m?dico-sanit?rias, as vari?veis psicossociais de car?ter contextual podem estar presentes, tais como as expectativas de g?nero, os modelos sociais ou a defini??o de projeto vital, no caso de jovens que nasceram com o v?rus HIV e que, em seu processo evolutivo, se depararam com diferentes concep??es e expectativas do viver com HIV. Nessa perspectiva, a quest?o central desta disserta??o ? identificar como os elementos oriundos de narrativas sobre projetos de vida, em especial, a maternidade de jovens com HIV contaminadas via transmiss?o vertical, se constroem e como se relacionam com os elementos do discurso biom?dico presente nas Pol?ticas de Sa?de da Mulher, do Adolescente e Jovem e DST/AIDS.Esta pesquisa constitui-se na constru??o de dois artigos emp?ricos explorat?rios, de delineamento qualitativo, resultantes de entrevistas narrativas autobiogr?ficas e an?lise documental das Pol?ticas P?blicas de aten??o e cuidado a esse segmento populacional, analisadas a partir da perspectiva da an?lise do discurso cr?tica (ADC), com o aux?lio da ferramenta de inform?tica para an?lise qualitativa de dados textuais Atlas/Ti. As participantes da pesquisa s?o tr?s jovens, com idade entre 16-20 anos, contaminadas via transmiss?o vertical, frequentadoras de um Servi?o especializado em DST/AIDS na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu no per?odo de junho a setembro de 2012. Dentre os resultados deste trabalho, destacamos os desencontros e afastamentos das Pol?ticas P?blicas de aten??o e cuidado a pessoas que convivem com o HIV/Aids, pois diversos s?o os entraves para o real alcance da integralidade das a??es dirigidas a essa popula??o. Existem obst?culos que se apresentam desde as dimens?es sociais, familiares, individuais e program?ticas que tornam mais complexo o viver com HIV/Aids por parte de mulheres jovens e que incidem na constru??o dos seus projetos de vida

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448317.pdf: 889476 bytes, checksum: 396d04bf4ac0c79668e4b39da8e813af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-17 / Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and its prevention and non pharmacological treatment depends on a change in life style that involves adherence to a healthy diet combined with regular physical exercise. Maintaining these habits implies a motivation to which self-efficacy is an important moderator. To establish these relationships are required precise measurements, therefore Bandura developed scales that evaluate the degree of confidence in maintaining a diet and exercise routine even in situations that may hinder the maintenance of these habits. This study aimed to translate, perform semantic adaptation and search for evidence of the psychometric scales Self-efficacy to Regulate Exercise and Self-efficacy to Regulate Eating Habits. The sample was composed of 303 participants, 113 males and 190 females that were diagnosed with at least one of the factors for the development of a cardiovascular event: obesity, high cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The first section presents the results of the translation, adaptation and search for evidence based on internal structure and relationship with external variables of self-efficacy to regulate exercise. The Kappa test, made to determine the degree of agreement about the final version of the instrument, showed itself a good agreement between evaluators judges (k = 0500) and exploratory factor analysis presented a single factor. The scale presented a good accuracy verified by the internal consistency coefficient ( = 0.97). For analysis of predictive validity, it was considered part of the sample 75 subjects who started and finished a program of Lifestyle Change (MERC). Multiple linear regression demonstrated the predictive power of the total score of the instrument on increasing the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max) measured at the end of the program (p> 0.05, = 1.47). Moreover, it was confirmed a quasi-experimental validity by the variability of scale scores during the program, as well as the positive and significant correlation between the initial and final scores of the instrument (p> 0.05). The second section presents the results of psychometric evidence of self-efficacy to regulate Eating Habits, whose final Portuguese version had a moderate level of agreement between evaluators judges (k = 0492). Exploratory factor analysis grouped the items into three factors that can cause a relapse compared to healthy diet: social situations, feelings and physical states and situations that trigger cravings. Excellent accuracy was found through internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha ( = 0.96). It was found quasi-experimental validity using the same sample and statistical technique of the first article (p> 0.05). Bandura's instruments are valid measures to evaluate selfefficacy to regulate eating habits and exercise among Brazilians with cardiovascular risk and therefore it can be important tools in programs aimed at adherence to healthy habits. / Doen?as cardiovasculares s?o a principal causa de morte no mundo e sua preven??o e tratamento n?o medicamentoso depende de uma mudan?a no estilo que vida que envolve ades?o a uma dieta saud?vel aliada a pr?tica regular de exerc?cio f?sico. A manuten??o desses h?bitos implica em uma motiva??o para qual a auto-efic?cia constitui um importante moderador. Para estabelecer essas rela??es s?o necess?rias medidas precisas, por isso Bandura desenvolveu escalas que avaliam o grau de confian?a em manter uma dieta e rotina de exerc?cio f?sico mesmo diante de situa??es que podem dificultar a manuten??o destes h?bitos. Este estudo se prop?s a traduzir, realizar adapta??o sem?ntica e buscar evid?ncias psicom?tricas das escalas Selfefficacy to Regulate Exercise e Self-efficacy to Regulate Eating Habits. Participaram 303 sujeitos, 113 do sexo masculino e 190 do sexo feminino que foram diagnosticados com no m?nimo um dos fatores para o desenvolvimento de um evento cardiovascular: obesidade, colesterol e triglicer?deos alterados, hipertens?o, diabetes mellitus e s?ndrome metab?lica. A primeira se??o traz os resultados da tradu??o, adapta??o e busca de evid?ncias com base na estrutura interna e na rela??o com vari?veis externas da Self-efficacy to regulate exercise. O teste Kappa, realizado para verificar o grau de concord?ncia quanto ? vers?o final do instrumento, revelou uma boa concord?ncia entre os ju?zes avaliadores (k=0.500) e a an?lise fatorial explorat?ria apresentou um ?nico fator. A escala apresentou uma boa precis?o constatada atrav?s do coeficiente de consist?ncia interna alpha de Cronbach ( =0.97). Para an?lise de validade preditiva, considerou-se parte da amostra 75 sujeitos que iniciaram e terminaram um programa de Mudan?a de Estilo de Vida (MERC). A regress?o linear m?ltipla demonstrou o poder preditivo do escore total do instrumento sobre o aumento do Consumo M?ximo de Oxig?nio (VO2 m?x) medido nos participantes ao final do programa (p>0.05; =1.47). Al?m disso, foi confirmada validade quase experimental atrav?s da variabilidade dos escores da escala durante o programa, bem como a correla??o positiva e significativa entre os escores iniciais e finais do instrumento (p>0.05). O estudo apresentado na segunda se??o traz os resultados de evid?ncias psicom?tricas da Self-efficacy to regulate Eating Habits, cuja vers?o final em portugu?s teve um n?vel moderado de concord?ncia entre ju?zes avaliadores (k=0.492). A an?lise fatorial explorat?ria agrupou os itens em 3 fatores que podem provocar uma reca?da em rela??o ? dieta saud?vel: situa??es sociais; sentimentos e estados f?sicos e situa??es que provocam fissura. Uma excelente precis?o foi encontrada atrav?s do coeficiente de consist?ncia interna alpha de Cronbach ( =0.96). Foi constatado evid?ncia de validade quase experimental, utilizando a mesma amostra e t?cnica estat?stica do primeiro artigo (p>0.05). Os instrumentos de Bandura s?o medidas v?lidas para avaliar auto-efic?cia para regular h?bito alimentar e exerc?cio f?sico em brasileiros com risco cardiovascular e por isso podem ser importantes ferramentas em programas que visem ? ades?o a h?bitos saud?veis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448470.pdf: 202216 bytes, checksum: 7fc606e389537eec426fce6ebe25879e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / In the past few decades, executive functions (EF) have received special attention in neuropsychology. One of the most extensively researched executive components is decision making (DM). The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a major source of evidence toward the somatic marker hypothesis, is the most frequently used tool in the neuropsychological assessment of affective DM. Studies indicate that the IGT has adequate validity and sensitivity for the detection of DM impairment in patients with psychiatric and neurological issues. One of the most common sources of neurological lesions is cerebral stroke, which in some cases has been shown to cause executive impairment; however, due to a lack of studies in this particular population, not much is known about the DM process in these individuals or how this process is affected by strokes in different brain regions. Thus, the current study aimed to analyze EF, paying special attention to DM, in patients with ischemic strokes, so as to observe two distinct neurofunctional relationships and one cognitive neuropsychological one. In the first study, the role of hemispheric lateralization on the IGT was examined. A total of 32 adults with right hemisphere lesions, 31 with left hemisphere lesions and 60 control individuals took part in this study. As no significant differences between clinical groups were found, it appears that the impairment observed in IGT performance in connection with brain lesions has to do with the general presence of a lesion rather than its location. Study 2 allowed for a comparison of the IGT performance of individuals with frontal lobe versus cerebellar strokes. A total of 9 patients took part of each clinical group, while the control group was composed of 18 individuals. The DM performance observed in the control group was significantly different from that of the clinical groups, although only marginal differences were found between the clinical groups themselves. Overall, the IGT performance observed in patients with cerebellar damage appeared to be more preserved than that of individuals with frontal strokes, but less preserved than that of the control group, demonstrating that the cerebellum plays an important role in DM. Study 3 analyzed the correlations between the scores of stroke patients on various EF measures so as to investigate relationships between hot and cold executive functions. The fact that no significant correlations were found in this study supports the idea of multidimensionality in EF. Overall, the results of these studies offer preliminary evidence toward the characterization of the contribution of different brain regions to the DM process, as well as allowing for a description of DM profiles associated with certain clinical groups. / No campo da neuropsicologia, as funcoes executivas (FE) vem recebendo um tratamento especial. Dentre os diversos componentes executivos investigados, destaca-se a tomada de decisao (TD). O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), suporte empirico da Hipotese do Marcador Somatico, e o instrumento neuropsicologico mais utilizado internacionalmente para avaliar o processo de TD emocional. Estudos trazem evidencias de que o IGT e valido e sensivel tanto em pacientes neurol?gicos como psiquiatricos. Dentre os quadros neurologicos, o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) pode desencadear diversos comprometimentos executivos; porem, pela escassez de investigacoes, ainda nao se sabe como se caracteriza o processo de TD nessa populacao e, mais especificamente, apos grupos de regioes lesadas. Assim, essa pesquisa pretendeu analisar as FE, mais especificamente a TD, em pacientes apos lesao cerebral vascular, buscando verificar duas relacoes neurofuncionais e uma relacao neuropsicologica cognitiva. No primeiro estudo visou-se a verificar o papel da lateralidade hemisferica no desempenho do IGT. Participaram 32 adultos com lesao de hemisferio direito (LHD), 31 participantes com lesao de hemisf?rio esquerdo (LHE), e 60 individuos controles. Como nao houve diferenca significativa entre os grupos clinicos, parece nao haver indicios de especializacoes hemisf?ricas na TD, sugerindo-se um efeito geral da lesao cerebral. No Estudo 2, objetivou-se comparar a performance de individuos que sofreram lesao cerebral frontal e participantes com lesao cerebelar no IGT. Participaram 9 pacientes em cada grupo clinico e 18 controles. O grupo controle diferenciou-se dos grupos clinicos e a diferenca entre os grupos clinicos foi limitrofe. De modo geral, o grupo de pacientes com lesao cerebelar apresentou um desempenho mais preservado do que os pacientes com lesao frontal, mas mais prejudicado do que os controles, demonstrando que o cerebelo tambem tem um papel importante na TD. No Estudo 3, correlacionou-se o desempenho de pacientes pos-AVC em testes de FE, procurando-se verificar se existe relacao entre componente quente das FE, como a TD, e outras habilidades executivas frias. Nao houve correlacoes significativas entre as principais vari?veis do IGT e dos outros instrumentos de FE, contribuindo para a discussao da multidimensionalidade das FE. Em conjunto, os estudos permitiram, pelas evidencias preliminares, caracterizar a contribuicao de diferentes regioes cerebrais para o processo de TD e, de forma geral, verificar o perfil decisional de alguns subgrupos clinicos pos-AVC, por meio de uma analise clinica comportamental.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-15T19:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Juliana de Abreu Pereira.pdf: 2216195 bytes, checksum: 788fd1f8f4db4f3012004d0eec09d439 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T19:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Juliana de Abreu Pereira.pdf: 2216195 bytes, checksum: 788fd1f8f4db4f3012004d0eec09d439 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / CAPES / Prebiotics, such as lactulosis, may favor the switch on the fermentative pattern of the colonic microbiota from proteolytic to saccharolytic, which allows bigger assimilation of nitrogenous compounds by the microrganisms of the colon. The present study aimed to evaluate, in dogs with CKD, the effect of the continued orally use of lactulosis over the nitrogenous compounds metabolisms?, the iron metabolism and on serum levels of albumin, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. Twenty-one animals with CKD in IRIS II and III stages, under normal handling and feeding, were clinically and laboratorially evaluated by a 28 days period; divided in three groups according to treatment: T1 ? lactulosis + therapeutic diet, T2 ? lactulosis + standard treatment + therapeutic diet, T3 ? standard treatment + therapeutic diet . For the three groups (T1, T2 and T3), clinical parameters indicated anaemia and body score from regular to bad, according to the disease?s degree, during the hole treatment. The haematological and biochemical?s averages are consistent with common laboratorial findings in nephrophatic patients, with high levels of urea and creatinine; and low leves of haematocrit. For all the evaluated parameters in this study, the averages? variations during the period didn?t show any significant difference between times and treatments, with the exception of the calcemia averages that were greater for T1 group; which may indicate that for this animals? group the monotherapy with lactulosis could have increased the absorption of this mineral in those patients. With regard to iron metabolism, this study?s data revealed that the anaemia found in the dogs throughout the experimental period presented chronicity features, since the groups? means remained within the iron and transferrin references, besides high ferritin averages, without significant differences between groups and moments. The obtained data allowed to conclude that there was no difference between the proposed treatments in relation to clinical state and the biochemical and mineral profiles, such as iron metabolism; which justifies that the action mechanisms of prebiotics in nephrophatic patients should be evaluated with more details. / Prebi?ticos, como a lactulose, podem favorecer a altera??o do padr?o fermentativo da microbiota col?nica de proteol?tico para sacarol?tico; o que possibilita maior assimila??o de compostos nitrogenados pelos microrganismos do c?lon. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, em c?es com DRC, o efeito da utiliza??o continuada de lactulose por via oral, sobre o metabolismo de compostos nitrogenados; o metabolismo do ferro, e sobre as concentra??es s?ricas de albumina, magn?sio, c?lcio e f?sforo. Vinte e um animais portadores de DRC em est?gios IRIS II e III, com manejo e alimenta??o normais, foram avaliados clinicamente e laboratorialmente por um per?odo de 28 dias; divididos em tr?s grupos conforme o tratamento: T1 ? lactulose + ra??o terap?utica, T2 ? lactulose + tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica, T3 ? tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica. Para os tr?s grupos (T1, T2 e T3), os par?metros cl?nicos foram indicativos de anemia e escore corporal de regular a ruim, de acordo com o grau da enfermidade, ao longo de todo tratamento. As m?dias dos par?metros hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos s?o condizentes com achados laboratoriais comuns em nefropatas; com elevados valores de ureia e creatinina e valores decrescidos de hemat?crito. Para todos os par?metros as varia??es durante o per?odo n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre os tempos e tratamentos, ? exce??o das m?dias de calcemia que foram maiores para o grupo T1; o que pode indicar que para os animais deste grupo a monoterapia com lactulose pode ter aumentado a absor??o deste mineral. Com rela??o ao metabolismo de ferro, os dados revelaram que a anemia encontrada nos c?es em todo o per?odo experimental apresentou caracter?sticas de cronicidade, uma vez que as m?dias dos grupos permaneceram dentro dos intervalos de refer?ncia para ferro e transferrina; al?m de m?dias elevadas de ferritina, sem diferen?as significativas entre grupos e momentos. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que n?o houve diferen?a entre os tratamentos propostos com rela??o ao estado cl?nico e aos perfis bioqu?micos e minerais, bem como ao metabolismo de ferro; o que justifica que os mecanismos de a??o dos prebi?ticos em nefropatas devem ser avaliados com maiores detalhes.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T20:41:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KayoDiogenesDeAzevedoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2312119 bytes, checksum: 0a5f0d4a0645de7bdb4ab990bbb4f59d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-07T20:45:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KayoDiogenesDeAzevedoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2312119 bytes, checksum: 0a5f0d4a0645de7bdb4ab990bbb4f59d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T20:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KayoDiogenesDeAzevedoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2312119 bytes, checksum: 0a5f0d4a0645de7bdb4ab990bbb4f59d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / A doen?a de Parkinson (DP) ? uma patologia neurodegenerativa que acomete principalmente indiv?duos do sexo masculino com o avan?ar da idade. A DP se caracteriza por diversos sintomas motores como tremores, bradicinesia, rigidez e altera??es posturais. Al?m destes, sintomas cognitivos como d?ficits de aten??o e mem?ria, dem?ncia e altera??es de humor tamb?m est?o presentes. ? poss?vel perceber marcada mudan?a na arquitetura do sono de pacientes com DP. O horm?nio melatonina sintetizado principalmente pela gl?ndula pineal localizada no Epit?lamo ? considerado um dos horm?nios que induzem a fase de sono dos organismos. Sua a??o ocorre ap?s se ligar a receptores espec?ficos, MT1 e MT2. No presente estudo foram utilizados 15 ratos machos de meia idade (10 meses) da esp?cie Wistar, divididos em dois grupos denominados de Controle (CTR) e Reserpina (RES). Esses animais foram submetidos a um protocolo cr?nico de 20 inje??es de reserpina, com o intuito de criar sintomatologias semelhantes a DP. Durante o protocolo experimental os animais foram avaliados atrav?s de teste de catalepsia. Com o fim do tratamento os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos a procedimento imunistoquimico para identifica??o dos receptores MT1 e MT2 em 5 ?reas do sistema nervoso central relacionadas diretamente com o ciclo do sono e com sintomas mais evidentes da DP, sendo elas, NE, NSQ, VLPO, SN e ZSPV. Nossos resultados mostraram que durante o per?odo de tratamento os animais do grupo reserpina apresentaram consider?vel e progressivo d?ficits motores que se acentuaram nos dias sete, oito, nove e dez de inje??es. Nossas analises imunoistoqu?micas mostraram que ocorre significativa redu??o da express?o de receptores de melatonina nos animais reserpina em todos os n?cleos avaliados, entretanto, novos estudos s?o necess?rios para uma melhor compreens?o do real motivo dessa diminui??o de express?o de receptores e se esta diminui??o tem efeito significativo nas altera??es do sono verificadas nos pacientes com DP. / Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects males with advancing age. PD is characterized by several motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, stiffness and postural changes. In addition to these, cognitive symptoms such as attention and memory deficits, dementia and mood changes are also present. It is also possible to notice a marked change in the sleep architecture of patients with PD. The hormone melatonin synthesized mainly by the pineal gland located in the thalamus is considered one of the hormones that induce the sleep phase of the organisms. Its action occurs after binding to specific receptors, MT1 and MT2. In the present study, 15 male Wistar rats (10 months) were divided into two groups called Control (CTR) and Reserpine (RES). These animals were submitted to a chronic protocol of 20 injections of reserpine, in order to create symptoms similar to PD. During the experimental protocol the animals were evaluated by catalepsy test. At the end of the treatment the animals were sacrificed and submitted to an immunohistochemical procedure to identify the MT1 and MT2 receptors in 5 areas of the central nervous system related directly to the sleep cycle and with more evident symptoms of PD, VLPO, SN and ZSPV. Our results showed that during the period of treatment the animals of the reserpine group presented a considerable and progressive motor deficit that were accentuated on days seven, eight, nine and ten of injections. Our immunohistochemical analyzes have shown that there is a significant reduction in the expression of melatonin receptors in the reserpine animals in all evaluated nuclei, however, new studies are necessary to better understand the real reason for this decrease in receptor expression and whether this decrease has a significant effect on Observed in patients with PD.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaBM.pdf: 641625 bytes, checksum: dec880a40827b655c7e1cac09d32148f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-18 / This work is an investigation related to issues of those who take home care of people who suffer from Alzheimer disease (AD). Thus, it is justified by the need to acknowledge how these relatives perform this task and in which ways they do this. The study has is analytical and qualitative methodology with the use of a thematic oral history approach. The subjects of the research were nine relatives of those who suffer from AD that participate in the home care group in the Candel?ria neighborhood in the city of Natal in Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and interview that was booked in advance and had full support from the care takers. After information collection, three thematic axles were defined. After this procedure, three analisys subcategories were also defined. The first thematic axle emphasizes the so called movement of rite of passage, when the relative becomes a care taker of a person with AD. The second category deals with the care takers strategies, either related to their own behalf or on their relative. It is possible to infer that amongst other forms of help, the care taker needs to rely on a support network, such as health services, groups composed by multiprofessionals that enable better articulation between family and collaborators. The dimension related to faith and spirituality was also observed and pointed out as an important aspect in the emotional support process for these relatives. In the third axle the perspectives of struggle, conquests of the right to health and life quality of those who suffer from AD as well as their relatives was observed. These also deal with dreams and hope / O presente trabalho trata-se de uma investiga??o em torno do cuidado vivenciado pelos familiares de portadores de doen?a de Alzheimer no domic?lio. Justifica-se desenvolver este estudo pela necessidade de conhecer como os familiares cuidadores v?m desempenhando o papel de cuidador e quais os caminhos constru?dos por eles para a realiza??o do cuidar de um familiar portador de DA. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de natureza anal?tica e abordagem qualitativa, tendo como norteador a hist?ria oral tem?tica. Para sua realiza??o, o trabalho teve como colaboradores nove familiares cuidadores de portadores de doen?a de Alzheimer que participam do grupo de familiares cuidadores de portadores de doen?a de Alzheimer, no bairro de Candel?ria, Natal /RN. Os depoimentos foram obtidos atrav?s da entrevista semi estruturada, as quais foram agendadas previamente e contou com o consentimento dos familiares cuidadores. Nesse sentido, a an?lise foi realizada partindo da literatura existente sobre o assunto. A partir da agrega??o das informa??es, foram definidos tr?s eixos tem?ticos norteadores, e destas, as subcategorias de an?lise. O primeiro eixo tem?tico enfoca o movimento de rito de passagem, quando o familiar torna-se cuidador de um portador de DA. A segunda categoria aborda as formas de ajuda que o familiar cuidador busca, na perspectiva de promover o cuidado do seu ente querido e de si pr?prio. Constatou-se que entre essas formas de ajuda, o familiar portador precisa contar com uma rede de suporte, envolvendo os servi?os de sa?de, com equipes multiprofissionais, bem como com uma melhor articula??o entre os familiares e colaboradores. A dimens?o da f? e da espiritualidade tamb?m foi observada como aspecto importante no processo de suporte emocional para estes familiares. No terceiro eixo tem?tico, foram analisadas as perspectivas de lutas e conquistas na busca pelo direito ? sa?de e qualidade de vida dos portadores de DA e seus familiares cuidadores, contemplando inclusive, seus sonhos e suas esperan?as

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-23T00:10:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaMirelaGuimaraesNobre_DISSERT.pdf: 2892729 bytes, checksum: 15d799d4d877b912519dfec4b25a526b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-23T00:16:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaMirelaGuimaraesNobre_DISSERT.pdf: 2892729 bytes, checksum: 15d799d4d877b912519dfec4b25a526b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T00:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaMirelaGuimaraesNobre_DISSERT.pdf: 2892729 bytes, checksum: 15d799d4d877b912519dfec4b25a526b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-05 / A doen?a periodontal (DP) e o diabetes mellitus (DM) apresentam uma associa??o bidirecional, na qual o diabetes favorece o desenvolvimento da DP e esta, quando n?o tratada, pode piorar o controle metab?lico do DM. Logo, a DP deve ser tratada para restabelecer a sa?de dos tecidos periodontais e diminuir as complica??es do diabetes. Portanto, objetiva-se avaliar clinicamente o efeito da terapia periodontal de descontamina??o da boca completa (Full Mouth Scaling and Root Planning - FMSRP) em pacientes diab?ticos tipo II portadores de periodontite cr?nica durante 12 meses. Trinta e um participantes no grupo controle (GC), sem diabetes e com periodontite cr?nica, e 12 no grupo teste (GT) foram avaliados no baseline, aos 03, 06, 09 e 12 meses. Foram analisados os seguintes par?metros cl?nicos periodontais: ?ndice de sangramento a sondagem (ISS), ?ndice de placa vis?vel (IPV), profundidade de sondagem (PS), n?vel cl?nico de inser??o (NCI) e recess?o gengival (RG). Para o GT, tamb?m foram realizados exames laboratoriais para avaliar os par?metros sangu?neos de glicose em jejum e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). Os resultados foram analisados de duas formas distintas: uma utilizando todos os s?tios presentes na boca e outra apenas com os s?tios doentes. Foram utilizados o teste de Mann-Whitney, Friedman e Wilcoxon com um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Na an?lise intergrupo de todos os s?tios, percebe-se que n?o houve diferen?a significativa ao longo do tempo em rela??o ? PS, ISS, IPV, NCI e RG (p>0,05). Entretanto, ao avaliar os s?tios doentes, observamos diferen?a significativa somente para o NCI, sendo maior para o GT. A an?lise intragrupo de todos os s?tios mostrou uma redu??o estatisticamente significativa para a PS, IPV e ISS em ambos os grupos. Para os s?tios doentes, a an?lise intragrupo mostrou uma redu??o estatisticamente significativa na PS, ISS e NCI em ambos os grupos. Apesar de haver diminui??o nos valores no ISS nos dois grupos, apenas no GC pode-se perceber uma redu??o estatisticamente significativa. N?o houve altera??o no grupo teste em rela??o ? HbA1c e a glicemia em jejum nos per?odos avaliados. Logo, conclui-se que houve melhoras nos par?metros cl?nicos periodontais ao longo dos 12 meses da pesquisa, por?m sem altera??es nos n?veis glic?micos dos pacientes diab?ticos. Portanto, a terapia periodontal mostrou-se eficiente para os cuidados da sa?de bucal. / There is a bidirectional association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus, in which diabetes favors the development of PD and PD, if left untreated, can worsen the metabolic control of diabetes. Thus, periodontal disease should be treated to restore periodontal health and reduce the complications of diabetes. Therefore, the objective is assess the effect of full mouth periodontal therapy decontamination (Full Mouth Desinfection - FMD) in diabetic type II patients with chronic periodontitis during 12 months. Thirty-one patients in group one (G1) and 12 in group two (G2) were followed at baseline, 03, 06 09 and 12 months. There following clinical parameters were accessed: probing on bleeding (BOP), visible plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession (GR). For diabetic patients, there were also made laboratory tests to evaluate blood parameters: fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The results had been analyzed in two ways: all sites in the mouth and another with diseased sites. The Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used with 5% significance. Intergroup analysis of all sites it is clear that there was no significant difference over time concerning PD, BOP, PI, CAL and RG. However, when evaluating the diseased sites, we observed significant difference for CAL and PD, with higher values in G1. The intragroup analysis for all sites showed a statistically significant reduction at PD, PI and BOP in both groups. Intragroup analysis of periodontal affected sites showed a statistically significant reduction in PD, BOP and CAL in both groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in RG values. There was no significant change concerning glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose in the G1. Therefore, it can be concluded that there were improvements in periodontal parameters over the 12 months of research, but without changes in glycemic levels of diabetic patients. Thus, periodontal therapy proved effective in maintaining oral health.