Les sciences de la performance sportive ont d'abord été sous tutelle de la sphère médicale et du monde de l'éducation physique. Elles se sont autonomisées et impliquent aujourd'hui une pluralité de chercheurs dans des institutions diverses, dont les finalités affichées vont de la production de connaissances théoriques à l'aide aux entraîneurs et aux sportifs. Ces institutions constituent des systèmes de contraintes et de ressources spécifiques, au regard de ces finalités, pour les scientifiques : ceux-ci doivent rendre visible, justifier ce qu'ils font et bénéficient en retour de ressources pour leur travail. L'activité scientifique implique également des acteurs non scientifiques : entraîneurs, sportifs, industriels, etc. Les sciences de la performance sportive sont ainsi à la croisée des intérêts d'acteurs scientifiques et non scientifiques. Elles se caractérisent par des formes de travail et des productions différenciés et typifiables, qui reflètent des modes d'engagement et de coordination particuliers entre les acteurs impliqués. Quatre " régimes scientifiques ", structurant ce domaine, ont ainsi été mis en évidence. Chacun d'entre eux peut être caractérisé par des finalités, des modes de fonctionnement et des contraintes spécifiques liées au rapport entretenus entre les acteurs scientifiques et non scientifiques, notamment ceux de la sphère sportive. Par ailleurs, la performance sportive, de par sa complexité, ne se laisse pas toujours enfermer dans les taxonomies disciplinaires officielles et donne ainsi lieu à des modalités particulières de travail interdisciplinaire

Thesis presents recent relevant studies of cognitive biases and false perceiving of randomness. There is an ongoing general belief that past performance automatically predicts future performance even in the cases when the result is act of randomness. This became inspiration for the main topic of my scientific research. Based on recent relevant literature I study if it is possible to influence people buying valueless information by evoking feeling of loss. Also I am trying to answer question which personal factors stand behind this behaviour. The results shows, that the manipulation with loss had nothing to do with buying valueless information. However it seems that personality factors are connected with this phenomenon to a certain extent. I had identified one factor called 'Irrational Thinking', which partly explains why 71% of the participants were interested in valueless transaction.

Esta dissertação trata do processo de remoção das famílias atingidas pela duplicação da Avenida Tronco em Porto Alegre-RS. Através da participação no Comitê Popular da Copa, em Porto Alegre, de entrevistas aos moradores atingidos e do acompanhamento dos atendimentos no Escritório Nova Tronco, onde se negociava o reassentamento, busquei responder à pergunta: como funciona a remoção? Demonstro, em minha análise, que a remoção é instaurada através de tecnologias em um arranjo que agencia diferentes elementos: legislações, programas habitacionais, fórmulas e cálculos; categorias de interpelação como irregular/invasor/precário; saberes e expertises; desejos, forças e valores. Deste funcionamento, fazem parte dos efeitos importantes da remoção: a suspensão do cotidiano e a precarização do entorno. Ao enfatizar a heterogeneidade dos elementos mobilizados e a atividade de constante (re)combinação entre eles, proponho interpretar que a remoção tem uma característica de composição ou assemblage. As tecnologias vão passando por modificações conforme vão sendo aplicadas, passando por reflexões levadas adiante pela expertise envolvida na remoção e sendo modificadas pela intervenção dos atores envolvidos com ela – como o Comitê Popular da Copa, através de mobilizações coletivas, e os próprios moradores atingidos, sujeitos-objeto da remoção. Concluo que tais correlações de forças provocam modificações nas tecnologias e nos seus objetivos, conformando e determinando os rumos da remoção. / This dissertation addresses to the removal process of families caused by the duplication of the Tronco Avenue in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Through the participation at the Comitê Popular da Copa (World Cup's Popular Committee), in Porto Alegre, interviewed dwellers and the attendance at the Escritório Nova Tronco (New Tronco Office), where the relocation was negotiated, I sought to answer to the question: "How does the removal work?". I demonstrate in my analysis, that removal is established through technologies in an arrangement touting different elements: legislation, housing programs, formulas and calculations; interpellation categories as irregular/invader/precarious; knowledge and expertise; wishes, forces and values. From this operation, important parts of the removal process are: the suspension of the quotidian and the precarization of the surroundings. By emphasizing the heterogeneity of mobilized elements and the activity of constant (re)combination between them, I propose to interpret that the removal has a characteristic of composition or assemblage. The technologies are modified while they are applied, through reflections taken forward by the expertise involved in the removal and being modified by the intervention of the actors involved with it - as the Comitê Popular da Copa, through collective mobilizations, and the affected residents themselves, the subject-object of the removal. I conclude that such correlation of forces cause changes in the technologies and their goals, shaping and determining the course of the removal.

A avaliação do dano corporal no âmbito do direito civil constitui uma área de intervenção pericial cada vez mais relevante no âmbito da clínica forense. A realidade das perícias realizadas no Brasil tem sido bem diferente das utilizadas nos países europeus, que, mesmo com algumas diferenças, acabam por ter o mesmo princípio fundamental, baseando-se em tabelas de incapacidades e parâmetros de avaliação do dano civil. A ausência de definição destes parâmetros, no Brasil, possibilita divergências à medida que dá liberdade ao perito para que este expresse no laudo sua própria forma de realizar a perícia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar parâmetros de avaliação de danos corporais da metodologia portuguesa de avaliação de danos em perícias odontológicas. O estudo consistiu em uma análise dos relatórios periciais (n=64) produzidos entre os anos de 2002 e 2011, do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses (IP) nas suas Delegações Centro (Coimbra), Norte (Porto) e do Sul (Lisboa), em que foi atribuída a valorização de danos odontológicos. A maioria dos indivíduos eram mulheres (60,9%) e a média de idade foi de 32,83 anos. Acidentes de trânsito foram a principal causa das sequelas odontológicas (54,7%) e as agressões, significativamente associadas ao sexo masculino, caracterizando a perda dentária a lesão mais frequente (56,3%). O tempo de consolidação das lesões foi superior a 180 dias (43,8%), mas o tempo de afastamento das atividades gerais e de trabalho foi de até 30 dias. O Quantum Doloris atribuído foi de 3 a 4 pontos (65,7%) numa escala crescente de 7 graus, embora em nenhum caso tenha sido atribuída a valorização máxima (pontos 6 ou 7). Em 25% dos casos, o dano estético não foi considerado e, em 51,6% dos casos, foi pontuado entre os graus 1 e 2. A média da porcentagem atribuída ao Déficit funcional permanente foi de 6,63%. O dano futuro foi considerado em 25% dos casos e esteve, significativamente, associado à faixa de idade até 15 anos. Concluiu-se que o dano orofacial envolve menos parâmetros de avaliação de danos que os danos corporais globais, o que representa um menor período de deficiência, com menos consequências permanentes, com um impacto socioeconômico menor em termos de dias de trabalho e diminuição da produtividade perdida. A semelhança nas decisões em todos os parâmetros avaliados, observadas estatisticamente, indica que a definição de critérios propicia uma abordagem pericial mais uniforme, evitando, assim, distorções frequentes. / The assessment of the body damage in the scope of civil law constitutes an area of expert intervention each time more relevant in the scope of the forensic clinic. The reality of the expertise performed in Brazil has been different from the one in the European countries, which even with some differences have the same fundamental principle, being based in tables of incapacities and parameters of the civil damage evaluation. The lack of definition of these parameters in Brazil allows divergences while it gives freedom to the expert to express his or her own way to perform the expertise in the report. The aim of this study was to verify assessment parameters of body damages of the Portuguese methodology of the damage evaluation in dentistry expertise. The study consisted in an analysis of the expert reports (n = 64) produced between 2002 and 2011, from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (IP) in its Branches (Coimbra), North (Porto) and South (Lisbon), in which the valorization of dentistry damages was assigned. The majority of individuals were women (60.9%) and the age average was 32.83 years old. Traffic accidents were the main cause of these sequelae (54.7%) and the aggressions were significantly associated to the male sex, being the dental loss the more frequent lesion (56.3%). The consolidation time of the lesions was superior to 180 days (43.8%), but the time away from general activities and work was until 30 days. The attributed Quantum Doloris was from 3 to 4 points (65.7%) in a growing scale of 7 grades, although in no case the maximum valorization has been assigned (points 6 or 7). In 25% of the cases, the aesthetic damage was not considered and in 51.6% of the cases, it was punctuated between the grades 1 and 2. The average of percentage of permanent functional deficit was 6.63%. The future damage was attributed in 25% of the cases and it was significantly associated to the age period until 15 years old. It has been concluded that the orofacial damage involves less parameters of damage assessment than the global body damages, that represents a shorter period of deficiency, with less permanent consequences, with a smaller socioeconomic impact related to work days and decreasing of productivity that has been lost. The similarity of the decisions in all statistically observed and evaluated parameters shows that the criteria definition provides an expert approach more uniform, thus avoiding frequent distortions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoizesMJ.pdf: 1011834 bytes, checksum: ffa5361cb63389f87619860e04f5e1a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-18 / The changes incurred in the financial system with the introduction of new technologies and new forms of administration of banks has caused impact on the health of workers. These changes, which passed in the process of work, generate a combined share of the risk factors that result in numerous injuries and illnesses among banks, notably between the operators of banks tellers. The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disordes - WRMD represent a group of occupational diseases always present among these workers. Because of its high incidence and the amount of financial resour envolved to manage the problem has been the object of constant study. This paper aims to analyze the bank teller activity; search the occurrence of WRMD in the activity, identifying the factors determining the occurrence of WRMD in the activity and determine the real number of touchs on a keyboard made by the operator and propose solutions that influence the reduction of illness in the workplace of the bank teller. Methodological tools of ergonomics are used to provide a broad knowledge of aspects of work that have been studied and influential in the generation of occupational diseases studied. It was found that activity put workers to serious risk of occupational diseases. As the main contributory factors and determinants for this illness: the requirements and control the numbers daily endorsements; evaluation system based on performance targets for productivity; management system at time of service to customers; work with stressful factors (broken box); excess of time worked; furniture of workstations with ergonomic inadequacies and policy for the prevention of occupational diseases inefficient. They have also noted cases of illness for DORT workers without fulfilling the legal requirement of the issuance of the communication of labour accident and without the removal of the employee of the workplace / As transforma??es ocorridas no sistema financeiro com a introdu??o de novas tecnologias e novas formas de administra??o dos bancos t?m causado impacto na sa?de dos trabalhadores. Estas mudan?as, que repercutem no processo de trabalho, geram uma a??o combinada de fatores de riscos que resultam em in?meros agravos e doen?as entre os banc?rios, notadamente entre os operadores de caixa de bancos. Os Dist?rbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho DORT representam um grupo de afec??es ocupacionais sempre presente entre estes funcion?rios. Pela sua alta incid?ncia e pelo montante de recursos financeiros envolvidos para o gerenciamento do problema, os DORT t?m sido objeto constante de estudo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atividade do operador de caixa de um banco; pesquisar a ocorr?ncia dos DORT na atividade; identificar os fatores determinantes da ocorr?ncia dos DORT na atividade; determinar o n?mero de toques reais sobre um teclado realizado pelo operador de caixa e propor solu??es que influenciem na diminui??o do adoecimento no ambiente de trabalho do operador de caixa de banco. Instrumentos metodol?gicos da ergonomia s?o utilizados para proporcionar um amplo conhecimento dos aspectos do trabalho no banco estudado e que foram influentes na gera??o das patologias ocupacionais existentes. Constatou-se que a atividade submete os trabalhadores ? condi??o de trabalho em situa??o de risco grave de adoecimento, sendo os principais fatores contributivos e determinantes para este adoecimento: as exig?ncias e o controle dos n?meros de autentica??es di?rias; sistema de avalia??o de resultados baseado em metas de produtividade; sistema de gerenciamento de tempo de atendimento ?s filas de clientes; trabalho com fatores estressantes (quebra de caixa); sobrejornada de trabalho; mobili?rio dos postos de trabalho com inadequa??es ergon?micas e pol?tica de preven??o de doen?as ocupacionais ineficiente. Foram ainda constatados casos de adoecimento por DORT de trabalhadores sem o cumprimento da exig?ncia legal da emiss?o da Comunica??o de Acidente do Trabalho e sem o afastamento do trabalhador do posto de trabalho

Esta dissertação trata do processo de remoção das famílias atingidas pela duplicação da Avenida Tronco em Porto Alegre-RS. Através da participação no Comitê Popular da Copa, em Porto Alegre, de entrevistas aos moradores atingidos e do acompanhamento dos atendimentos no Escritório Nova Tronco, onde se negociava o reassentamento, busquei responder à pergunta: como funciona a remoção? Demonstro, em minha análise, que a remoção é instaurada através de tecnologias em um arranjo que agencia diferentes elementos: legislações, programas habitacionais, fórmulas e cálculos; categorias de interpelação como irregular/invasor/precário; saberes e expertises; desejos, forças e valores. Deste funcionamento, fazem parte dos efeitos importantes da remoção: a suspensão do cotidiano e a precarização do entorno. Ao enfatizar a heterogeneidade dos elementos mobilizados e a atividade de constante (re)combinação entre eles, proponho interpretar que a remoção tem uma característica de composição ou assemblage. As tecnologias vão passando por modificações conforme vão sendo aplicadas, passando por reflexões levadas adiante pela expertise envolvida na remoção e sendo modificadas pela intervenção dos atores envolvidos com ela – como o Comitê Popular da Copa, através de mobilizações coletivas, e os próprios moradores atingidos, sujeitos-objeto da remoção. Concluo que tais correlações de forças provocam modificações nas tecnologias e nos seus objetivos, conformando e determinando os rumos da remoção. / This dissertation addresses to the removal process of families caused by the duplication of the Tronco Avenue in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Through the participation at the Comitê Popular da Copa (World Cup's Popular Committee), in Porto Alegre, interviewed dwellers and the attendance at the Escritório Nova Tronco (New Tronco Office), where the relocation was negotiated, I sought to answer to the question: "How does the removal work?". I demonstrate in my analysis, that removal is established through technologies in an arrangement touting different elements: legislation, housing programs, formulas and calculations; interpellation categories as irregular/invader/precarious; knowledge and expertise; wishes, forces and values. From this operation, important parts of the removal process are: the suspension of the quotidian and the precarization of the surroundings. By emphasizing the heterogeneity of mobilized elements and the activity of constant (re)combination between them, I propose to interpret that the removal has a characteristic of composition or assemblage. The technologies are modified while they are applied, through reflections taken forward by the expertise involved in the removal and being modified by the intervention of the actors involved with it - as the Comitê Popular da Copa, through collective mobilizations, and the affected residents themselves, the subject-object of the removal. I conclude that such correlation of forces cause changes in the technologies and their goals, shaping and determining the course of the removal.

Les travaux autour de l’instrumentation gestionnaire sont le point d’entrée de cette recherche (Moisdon et al., 1997 ; Hatchuel et Weil, 1992 ; David, 1996, 1998). Nous nous intéressons à la coévolution d’une pratique de gestion, le knowledge management (KM), et d’une organisation. En résumant nos questions de recherche par la formule : « comment peuton faire du KM ? », nous interrogeons à la fois les différentes approches possibles de la gestion des connaissances, mais aussi les raisons qui conduisent une organisation à adopter le KM. Pour ce faire, nous menons une analyse multi-niveaux qui tient compte du contexte institutionnel, organisationnel et interindividuel. Dans ce cadre, nous mobilisons plusieurs littératures - institutionnalisme, outils de gestion, modes de consommation, théories managériales des organisations multinationales, régulation sociale - afin de parvenir à une compréhension globale des dynamiques d’un dispositif de gestion des connaissances au sein d’une organisation. Les dynamiques du dispositif de gestion sont étudiées à travers la mise en intrigue (Ricoeur, 1983) de la gestion des connaissances dans la Branche Ciment du groupe Lafarge. L’intrigue - pourquoi le KM ? - s’articule autour des enjeux stratégiques de l’industrie cimentière et de l’organisation de la fonction d’expertise technique. .Elle est le prélude aux différents récits qui content l’histoire du KM dans la Branche Ciment selon différentes perspectives spatiales et temporelles. A l’issue de cette recherche, il s’avère que le rôle principal du dispositif de gestion des connaissances est celui d’accroître la légitimité de l’entreprise vis-à-vis de son environnement externe et interne. Le dispositif KM est un outil au service d’un centre fort, qui se veut détenteur des connaissances. Nous avons documenté le basculement du dispositif de gestion fondé sur une logique de personnalisation, de gestion des compétences et d’autonomie vers une logique de codification, de gestion de l’information et de prescription. Le dispositif, figé dans une régulation de contrôle, se heurte à la régulation autonome des membres de l’organisation qui s’exprime à travers la résistance à la codification. Le conflit entre ces deux régulations entraîne une crise qui se traduit notamment par le mal-être des experts. Cependant le découplage soigneusement maintenu entre le dispositif de gestion des connaissances et l’activité réelle des opérations permet le maintien du statuquo. Au final, le cas de la Branche Ciment illustre un cas de domination stratégique. En l’absence de régulation conjointe, c’est le découplage entre discours et pratique qui assure la survie du modèle d’organisation. / This research takes the literature on management tools (Moisdon et al., 1997 ; Hatchuel et Weil, 1992 ; David, 1996, 1998) as a starting point. I focus on the co-evolution of a management practice in-use (Jarzabkowski, 2004), here Knowledge Management (KM) and an organisation. My research deals with the question « How can we do KM ? ». This refers to the different approaches for managing knowledge as well as to the different reasons that lead an organisation to adopt KM practices and tools. A multi-level analysis, combining the institutional, organisational and inter-individual contexts, is carried out. This framework calls upon various theories: institutionalism, management tools, managerial theories of the multinational corporation, social regulation (Reynaud, 1989), thus broadening our understanding of the dynamics of a management practice in-use within an organisation. The concept of emplotment (Ricoeur, 1983) is used to study the dynamics of KM within the Cement Division of the Lafarge group. The main plot - why KM? - brings forward the strategic context of the cement industry and the organisation of the technical expertise function. This plot is the starting-point for the different stories of KM in the Cement Division, which are told from different perspectives in time and space. The main results of this research show that Knowledge Management is mainly used to increase the firm’s legitimacy both towards external and internal stakeholders. KM is a tool in the hands of strong headquarters that claim to be the ultimate knowledge owner. Thus, I related the switch of KM from a perspective based on personalisation, competencies management and autonomy to a perspective focusing on codification, information management and prescription. Resistance to codification highlights the conflict between KM, set in a control mode (régulation de contrôle) and the employee’s will for autonomy (régulation autonome). The tension between these two types of regulation leads to a crisis as can be seen through the growing sense of unease among the experts. In the end however, such tensions do not interfere with the daily run of operations as KM is decoupled from ongoing activity. Thus, the story of the Cement Division is a case of strategic domination. In the absence of a joint regulation (régulation conjointe), decoupling discourse from practice allows the survival of the organizational model.

This thesis describes the evaluation of a prototype (Illustrator) for future simulator training of Within Visual Range - combat in the Swedish Air Force. The main focus was to collect and transform user acceptance data (expert opinions) to useful guidelines for continued development. Thirteen active fighter pilots participated in the study. The aim was to use expert opinion to study a) the psychological user acceptance, and b) the technical user acceptance, of the Illustrator together with c) gathering opinions for future improvement. Three psychological aspects were rated before and after the sessions to measure psychological user acceptance. For technical user acceptance, seven fidelity levels of the Illustrator were evaluated regarding realism, limitation of performance and importance of realism after the sessions. The sessions consisted of WVR-scenarios. Four different questionnaires were used for data collection. Two fidelity levels showed to diverge from the others in many ways, and were identified as major problems by the participants. No change of the psychological aspects was found between measurements. According to the results of the evaluation, suggestions and guidelines for future development are presented. Finally, issues of interest for future research are proposed.

Cette thèse présente des propositions pour les professeurs concernés par la formation des traducteurs de l'arabe en français et vice-versa. Elle suggère un cadre de référence qui fournit une conception globale de la formation des traducteurs dès le plus bas niveau jusqu'au niveau le plus élevé. Le cadre de référence sert de base pour une étude de terrain de la formation des traducteurs à Lyon 2, au Centre Culturel Français de Damas et à l'Université de Damas. / This thesis presents suggestions for teachers involved in the training of translators from Arabic into French and vice versa. It suggests a framework that provides a comprehensive approach to the training of translators from the lowest to the highest level. The framework provides the basis for a field study of the formation of two translators in Lyon, the French Cultural Center in Damascus and Damascus University.

O presente trabalho pretende abordar o processo de execução penal sob o enfoque da Lei nº 7.210/84 e investigar se o exame criminológico realmente é hábil e imprescindível para fornecer subsídios para o julgador formar seu convencimento e tomar a decisão mais acertada no que concerne aos pedidos de progressão de regime e livramento condicional, de maneira a assegurar a efetividade da execução penal e ao mesmo tempo compatibilizar o interesse de reconquista da liberdade pelo condenado com a necessidade de se garantir a segurança social. Para isso, são feitas considerações acerca da Lei de Execução Penal, responsável por consolidar a natureza jurisdicional da execução penal, comentando-se o papel das partes e do juiz no processo executório. Na sequência, examina-se a disciplina da prova no âmbito da execução penal, em especial a prova pericial, uma vez que o exame criminológico é uma perícia. Após conceituar o exame criminológico e diferenciá-lo dos outros instrumentos de avaliação do apenado, comenta-se sobre a Lei nº 10.792/03, a partir da qual o exame criminológico deixou de ser exigência para aferir o requisito subjetivo do sentenciado. Analisa-se a dificuldade do magistrado de valorar as provas técnicas, justamente por não dispor de conhecimentos técnicos para contestar as conclusões apresentadas pelos peritos e, assim, exercer algum tipo de controle sobre aquilo que é afirmado, e o risco da aceitação acrítica dos laudos pelos julgadores, dando, indiretamente, o poder da decisão para o perito. / This work intends to show the criminal enforcement process under the focus of Law nº 7.210/84 and investigate whether the criminological examination is essential and able to offer elements to guide the judge to make a fair decision about the convicts requests, in order to ensure that the criminal enforcement process will be respected as well as it will make compatible the social reintegration of the convicted with the maintenance of a safe society. In this regard, comments about the Law of Penal Execution that gave the jurisdictional nature to the criminal enforcement will be done, describing the lawyers acts, the district attorneys activities and the judges work. Then the evidences system in the criminal enforcement process will be analyzed, paying particular attention to expert evidence, since the criminological examination is an expertise. After defining the criminological examination and comparing it with other assessment tools of the guilty party, it will be discussed the Law nº 10.792/03 that dismiss the criminological examination to find out the subjective requirement of the prisoner. Finally it will be analyzed the difficulty of the judge to evaluate the technical evidences, because it is out of his knowledge and for this reason he does not have the tools to contest the explanations and/or conclusions given by experts, therefore he can not control the affirmations and there is the risk of acceptance of the reports by the judge without critical sense, indirectly giving the power of decision to the expert.