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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 201 to 208 of 208 (0.093 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"freedom off religion"" "subject:"freedom oof religion""
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The White Supremacist Movement as a Threat to Freedom of Religion in the United States : An Analysis of Current Threats to Jews' Freedom of Religion and the Response of the Federal StateHornsved, Agnes January 2022 (has links)
This thesis examines the impacts of white supremacy on Jews’ freedom of religion in the United States. In what ways is the American white supremacist movement a threat to Jews’ freedom of religion, and to what extent is the federal state protecting this right in accordance with Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)? By using the Legal Analytical Method, and by applying Daniel Ian Rubin’s approach to Critical Race Theory (CRT), this thesis finds that the white supremacist movement is threatening Jews’ freedom of religion in three main ways: through physical attacks, psychological intimidation, and economic effects. Although the state provides Jewish communities with some protection from white supremacists, recent antisemitic attacks show that the U.S. government could do more to ensure that American Jews can fully enjoy Article 18 of the ICCPR.
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MACELLAZIONE RITUALE E CERTIFICAZIONE DELLE CARNI KASHER E HALAL: I MODELLI FRANCESE E STATUNITENSE / Ritual slaughter and kosher/halal meat certification in the French and US legal systemsTIRABASSI, MARIAGRAZIA 28 May 2015 (has links)
La produzione di carne è disciplinata dai diritti ebraico ed islamico attraverso normative che, a prescindere dalle loro rispettive specificità, sono accomunate dallo scopo fondamentale di rammentare ai fedeli la gravità dell’atto di privare un animale della vita. La produzione di carni kashèr (idonee ad essere consumate, in base al diritto ebraico) e halal (lecite, ai sensi di quello islamico) trova generalmente spazio nelle democrazie pluraliste in virtù del diritto alla libertà religiosa. Questo, ad ogni modo, non esime lo Stato dalla responsabilità di disciplinare la macellazione e l’uso commerciale delle indicazioni di qualità kashèr e halal, in ragione ed entro i limiti dei propri compiti di tutela della salute umana ed animale, della concorrenza e dei consumatori. Assolvere questa responsabilità nel rispetto della reciproca autonomia tra Stato e confessioni religiose implica la ricerca di un equilibrio complesso, soprattutto quando si tratta di individuare e delimitare le competenze dei poteri pubblici, degli enti confessionali e del settore privato in materia di macellazione rituale e di certificazione religiosa delle carni. La tesi analizza e mette a confronto le soluzioni normative adottate in due ordinamenti (quello francese e quello statunitense) ispirati al principio di separazione dello Stato dalle religioni, seppur con declinazioni molto differenti. / Meat production is regulated by both Jewish and Islamic Laws through sets of rules that, aside from their respective specificities, share the aim of teaching reverence for life to the believers. Generally speaking, in pluralist democracies the production of kosher (“fit/proper”, according to Jewish Law) and halal (“permissible”, under Islamic Law) meat is protected under the right to freedom of religion. However, the State retains the authority to regulate the use of religious slaughter and that of kosher and halal claims in the meat market, on the basis and within the limits of its mandate to protect and promote public health, humane treatment of animals, fair market competition and consumer rights. Fulfilling such responsibility without overstepping the bounds of State-religion mutual autonomy is a complex task, especially when it comes to determining the roles of public authorities, religious bodies and the private sector in the fields of ritual slaughter and religious certification; it requires, indeed, to strike a fair balance between several - sometimes competing - rights and interests. The dissertation analyses and compares the legal approaches through which these matters are addressed in France and in the US, where the general principle of separation between Church and State is construed and implemented in profoundly different ways.
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Die roeping van Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede binne 'n grondwetlike demokrasie in die lig van artikel 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis / D.F. MullerMuller, Daniel Francois January 2010 (has links)
Reformed Christians utilise article 36 of the Belgic Confession (BC) to state
the Godly calling of civil authorities. This confession may however be in
conflict with the South African constitution. According to article 36 authorities
have, in accordance with the keeping of order, a duty concerning the removal
of false religion. The constitution guarantees everyone in South Africa
freedom of religion.
This study thus investigates the following stated problem: To what does God
call South-African authorities within the constitutional democracy in the light of
art. 36 and how can they fulfil this calling? The investigation has been
undertaken in line with the argument that the principals of art. 36 are not only
Biblical but should also still be used as a starting point to identify the calling of
South African authorities concerning the keeping of order as well as the
protection of the ministry of the Holy Word and the Christian life according to
this Word. The following three investigations were then launched:
* A dogmahistorical and theological-ethical investigation
Chapter 2 focuses on the context in which the BC originated. It was drafted to
convince Roman Catholic minded authorities to stop persecuting Reformed
Christians as they - in contrast with some revolutionary Anabaptists - wanted
to obey the government. Reformed Christians wanted to live according to the
Word (which requires obedience to the authorities). If the authorities protected
the ministry of the Word, peace and order would be promoted.
Chapter 3 explains art. 36. This explanation is complicated by the fact that the
article has been changed over time. In certain instances it has been
interpreted to mean that God, in light of the close bond between church and
state at that time, calls civil authorities to persecute heretics even with force.
The article however actually calls authorities to protect the ministry of the
Word and so doing support the removal of heresy. The article takes a narrow
view of the true form of the true religion. * A constitutional investigation
Chapter 4 describes the South African constitutional democracy as well as its
origin and indicates what (sometimes unrecognised) role the Reformed
tradition played in forging constitutional democracy. Subsequently the
fundamental values and forthcoming stipulations concerning the freedom of
conscience and religion are highlighted. Although authorities do not - in a
juridical sense - contend with what would be the true form of the true religion,
this study has found the constitutional values and forthcoming stipulations
broadly agree with Biblical principles. Yet South African authorities interpret
these values and stipulations in accordance with secularist / humanistic
beliefs.
* A contextual investigation
This final chapter investigates how well the current constitutional framework
enables (chapter 4) South African authorities to fulfil the calling (chapter 2 and
3).The final conclusion is that this framework does indeed enable these
authorities to fulfil the calling
by recognising, protecting and expanding
the fundamental values, freedoms and rights
which have been constitutionally entrenched
in order that every one has the space and opportunity to
utilise these rights and freedoms
to live according to the gospel of Jesus Christ
in all spheres of life
This task undoubtedly includes that the authorities should protect the ministry
of the Word by pertinently ensuring that churches have the opportunity to
minister the Word to everyone.
It has been found that authorities should preferably take up the attitude of the
active plural option towards religion as this option is most suitable for fulfilling
their calling. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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| 204 |
Die roeping van Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede binne 'n grondwetlike demokrasie in die lig van artikel 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis / D.F. MullerMuller, Daniel Francois January 2010 (has links)
Reformed Christians utilise article 36 of the Belgic Confession (BC) to state
the Godly calling of civil authorities. This confession may however be in
conflict with the South African constitution. According to article 36 authorities
have, in accordance with the keeping of order, a duty concerning the removal
of false religion. The constitution guarantees everyone in South Africa
freedom of religion.
This study thus investigates the following stated problem: To what does God
call South-African authorities within the constitutional democracy in the light of
art. 36 and how can they fulfil this calling? The investigation has been
undertaken in line with the argument that the principals of art. 36 are not only
Biblical but should also still be used as a starting point to identify the calling of
South African authorities concerning the keeping of order as well as the
protection of the ministry of the Holy Word and the Christian life according to
this Word. The following three investigations were then launched:
* A dogmahistorical and theological-ethical investigation
Chapter 2 focuses on the context in which the BC originated. It was drafted to
convince Roman Catholic minded authorities to stop persecuting Reformed
Christians as they - in contrast with some revolutionary Anabaptists - wanted
to obey the government. Reformed Christians wanted to live according to the
Word (which requires obedience to the authorities). If the authorities protected
the ministry of the Word, peace and order would be promoted.
Chapter 3 explains art. 36. This explanation is complicated by the fact that the
article has been changed over time. In certain instances it has been
interpreted to mean that God, in light of the close bond between church and
state at that time, calls civil authorities to persecute heretics even with force.
The article however actually calls authorities to protect the ministry of the
Word and so doing support the removal of heresy. The article takes a narrow
view of the true form of the true religion. * A constitutional investigation
Chapter 4 describes the South African constitutional democracy as well as its
origin and indicates what (sometimes unrecognised) role the Reformed
tradition played in forging constitutional democracy. Subsequently the
fundamental values and forthcoming stipulations concerning the freedom of
conscience and religion are highlighted. Although authorities do not - in a
juridical sense - contend with what would be the true form of the true religion,
this study has found the constitutional values and forthcoming stipulations
broadly agree with Biblical principles. Yet South African authorities interpret
these values and stipulations in accordance with secularist / humanistic
beliefs.
* A contextual investigation
This final chapter investigates how well the current constitutional framework
enables (chapter 4) South African authorities to fulfil the calling (chapter 2 and
3).The final conclusion is that this framework does indeed enable these
authorities to fulfil the calling
by recognising, protecting and expanding
the fundamental values, freedoms and rights
which have been constitutionally entrenched
in order that every one has the space and opportunity to
utilise these rights and freedoms
to live according to the gospel of Jesus Christ
in all spheres of life
This task undoubtedly includes that the authorities should protect the ministry
of the Word by pertinently ensuring that churches have the opportunity to
minister the Word to everyone.
It has been found that authorities should preferably take up the attitude of the
active plural option towards religion as this option is most suitable for fulfilling
their calling. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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| 205 |
L’enfant et la liberté religieuse à la lumière du droit international, européen et français / Child and Religious Freedom in the Light of International, European and French LawMeddour, Sabrina 15 December 2011 (has links)
Le droit à la liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion expressément reconnu à l’enfant par l’article 14 de la Convention internationale de New York adoptée en 1989 soulève de nombreuses questions. En raison de l’état de dépendance de l’enfant et de sa vulnérabilité, l’exercice de cette liberté apparaît particulièrement fragilisée. Les droits de l’enfant sont en effet menacés de toute part, tant par l’autorité publique, que par sa famille, ou par des tiers, voire par l’enfant lui-même. Les parents tout en étant les premiers protecteurs et les premiers « guides spirituels » de l’enfant pourront parallèlement représenter les premiers obstacles à l’exercice de sa liberté religieuse pleine et entière suscitant un conflit entre droits parentaux et droits de l’enfant. L’État s’érige d’ailleurs en protecteur lorsque ses parents lui font courir un risque au nom même de leurs convictions religieuses. Le juge pourra aussi connaître de conflits familiaux provoqués par un désaccord religieux. Garant de l’ordre public, l’État sera parfois amené à limiter la liberté religieuse de l’enfant et de ses parents en mettant en avant la primauté d’un intérêt social tel la sauvegarde du principe de laïcité. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de considérer la question de la liberté religieuse de l’enfant à la fois dans la sphère familiale et plus largement dans la société en nous interrogeant notamment quant à l’effectivité réelle du droit de liberté religieuse de l’enfant. Comme pour tout sujet touchant aux droits de l’enfant, la recherche de l’équilibre entre liberté et protection s’inscrit sur un chemin difficile dont témoigne l’étude du droit de l’enfant à la liberté religieuse. / The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion expressly granted to the child under article 14 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted in 1989 raises many questions. Regarding his particular dependence and vulnerability, the exercise of this liberty by the child appears particularly weaken. Children’s rights are indeed threatened from all quarters, so much by public authority as by their family or by third parties, if not by the child himself. Parents, while being his first protectors and first “spiritual guides”, can also represent the first obstacle to the full exercise of the child’s freedom of religion, therefore raising a conflict between parental and children’s rights. It is to be noticed that the State establishes itselfs as the protector of the child whenever parents endanger him even in the name of religious beliefs. The judge might also intervene within family conflicts resulting from religious disagreements. Ensuring public order as well, the State will in some cases subject child’s and parents’ freedom of religion to limitations deemed necessary in regard to the primacy of a particular social interest such as the protection of secularism. It seems therefore essential to consider the question of the child’s religious freedom within the family sphere as well as, to a larger extent, within society, while questioning the effectivity of the right of the child to religious freedom. As for any subject relating to children’s rights, the search for balance between freedom and protection is engaged on a difficult path as evidenced by this study on the right of the child to religious freedom.
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Constitutionnalisme et exclusion : critique du regard français sur le modèle canadien de pluralisme / Constitutionalism and ExclusionBlanc, Nicolas 08 December 2014 (has links)
La recherche vise à mettre en évidence les relations entre constitutionnalisme et exclusion dans le cadre d’unecritique du regard français sur le modèle canadien de pluralisme. La problématique de l’exclusion, être altériséen raison de l’identité du droit, naît des silences de la comparaison différentielle France – Canada. Une critiqueidentitaire permet de déplacer la triple dialectique de la comparaison : positivisme c. pluralisme, universalisme c.différentialisme et républicanisme c. libéralisme pluraliste. La problématique de l’orientation identitaire du droitest commune aux deux systèmes juridiques. Aussi, la recherche est relative à l’identité du constitutionnalisme.L’exclusion se définit comme le décalage entre l’orientation identitaire du constitutionnalisme et l’identité ducorps du sujet. La méthode d’analyse proposée, afin de traiter de l’exclusion en droit, et déplacer la comparaison,est tripartite : mettre en évidence l’orientation identitaire du constitutionnalisme, en identifier la structureidentitaire, pour, enfin, en déterminer les étrangers ou « Autres. » La recherche vise à déplacer la comparaison enproduisant une phénoménologie de l’exclusion constitutionnelle, ou « dehors constitutifs, » avec une typologiedes étrangers du droit. La démonstration sera faite dans le cadre des conflits de la religion et de l’orientationsexuelle démontrant l’orientation blanche, hétéropatriarcale et hétéronormative du droit constitutionnel. / This research intends on proving how constitutionalism and exclusion collide one against the other through acritique of the french gaze on a supposedly canadian model of pluralism. The negative comparison’s silencesbetween France and Canada gave birth to this question of how one is being excluded and othered based on theidentity of constitutional law. This critique, that focuses on identities, is shifting those three dialectics supportingthe aforementioned negative comparison : positivism v. pluralism, universalism v. differentialism, republicanismv. liberal pluralism. France and Canada share the issue of how legal reality is oriented toward specific identities.This research, then, is a critique of constitutionalism identities. Exclusion is defined as the gap between theorientation of law’s identities and the bodily reality of its subjects. The analytical tool developed here to tackleexclusion in law has three steps : shedding light on the orientations of constitutionalism, its identity structure,and its constitutional Others. This research purports on turning scholars’ critical gaze towards thisphenomenology of constitutional exclusion, its « constitutive outside, » by deciphering a typology ofconstitutional Others. This will be so through the collisions of freedom of religion and sexual orientation.Constitutionalism is per se oriented towards the ascendency of whiteness, patriarcalism and heteronormativity.
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L’existence d’une hiérarchie juridique favorisant la protection des convictions religieuses au sein des droits fondamentaux canadiens / The existence of a legal hierarchy advantaging the protection of religious convictions in the Canadian Catalog of Human RightsLampron, Louis-Philippe 14 December 2010 (has links)
Depuis l’arrêt Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendu en 1994, la Cour suprême du Canada n’a jamais remis en cause le principe selon lequel il ne doit exister aucune hiérarchie juridique entre les droits et libertés protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. Or, une revue attentive de la jurisprudence canadienne en matière de protection des convictions religieuses nous a permis d’identifier une certaine réticence sinon un « certain malaise » des institutions judiciaires lorsqu’elles doivent déterminer des limites claires au-delà desquelles les revendications fondées sur les convictions religieuses ne peuvent plus bénéficier d’une protection constitutionnelle ou quasi-constitutionnelle. Cette « réticence judiciaire » étant toute particulière aux dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au Canada, il nous a semblé plausible que ses impacts juridiques soient symptomatiques de l’établissement implicite – mais bien réel – d’une hiérarchie juridique matérielle (ou systémique) entre les différents droits fondamentaux protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. En nous fondant sur un cadre d’analyse théorique inspiré par les travaux du professeur Rik Torfs, de l’Université catholique de Louvain en Belgique, et au moyen d’une étude focalisée sur le contexte des relations de travail, nous entendons démontrer que l’état actuel du droit canadien et québécois concernant les revendications fondées sur les différentes croyances et coutumes religieuses témoigne de l’application d’un modèle hiérarchique (le « modèle de confiance ») qui assigne aux dispositions concernant la protection des convictions religieuses individuelles une place parmi les plus élevées de cette même hiérarchie. Nous espérons ainsi contribuer de manière significative à la théorie du droit par l’atteinte de trois objectifs principaux : (1) Établir et mettre en œuvre une méthode permettant d’identifier une hiérarchie matérielle entre deux ensembles de droits fondamentaux ; (2) Mettre à jour l’étroite relation susceptible d’exister entre les différents modèles nationaux de gestion du pluralisme religieux et le concept de hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux ; et (3) Établir l’existence d’une hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux de nature constitutionnelle au Canada, par l’entremise de la démonstration du déséquilibre hiérarchique favorisant les dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au sein du plus large ensemble des droits et libertés de nature constitutionnelle au Canada / Since Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendered in 1994, the Supreme Court of Canada has never questioned the principle of “no legal hierarchy between the different Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. However, a careful review of Canadian jurisprudence on the protection of religious beliefs permits to detect a certain reluctance if not a "discomfort" of judicial institutions when they must identify clear boundaries beyond which the claims based on religious beliefs can not be constitutionnaly (or quasi-constitutionnaly) protected. This "judicial reluctance" being particular to provisions protecting religious convictions in Canada, it seemed possible to us that its impacts may be symptomatic of the implicit - but real - establishment a legal hierarchy between the various Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. Based on a theoretical framework inspired by the work of Rik Torfs, Professor in the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, and through a study focused on the context of labor relations, we intend to demonstrate that the current state of Canadian and Quebec law on claims based on different religious beliefs and customs underlies the application of a hierarchical model (the "trust model") which assigns to the provisions protecting individual religious beliefs a place among the highest in the same hierarchy. In doing so, we hope to contribute significantly to the theory of law by achieving three main objectives : (1) To establish and implement a method permitting to identify a material hierarchy between two sets of fundamental rights, (2) To expose the close relationship that may exist between the different national models of management of religious pluralism and the concept of material hierarchy among human rights, and (3) To establish the existence of a material hierarchy between constitutional Human rights in Canada through the demonstration of hierarchical imbalance favoring the provisions protecting religious beliefs within the broader set of constitutionnal Human Rights in Canada
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Constitutionnalisme et exclusion : critique du regard français sur le modèle canadien de pluralismeBlanc, Nicolas 12 1900 (has links)
La recherche vise à mettre en évidence les relations entre constitutionnalisme et exclusion dans le cadre d’unecritique du regard français sur le modèle canadien de pluralisme. La problématique de l’exclusion, être altériséen raison de l’identité du droit, naît des silences de la comparaison différentielle France – Canada. Une critiqueidentitaire permet de déplacer la triple dialectique de la comparaison : positivisme c. pluralisme, universalisme c.différentialisme et républicanisme c. libéralisme pluraliste. La problématique de l’orientation identitaire du droitest commune aux deux systèmes juridiques. Aussi, la recherche est relative à l’identité du constitutionnalisme.L’exclusion se définit comme le décalage entre l’orientation identitaire du constitutionnalisme et l’identité ducorps du sujet. La méthode d’analyse proposée, afin de traiter de l’exclusion en droit, et déplacer la comparaison,est tripartite : mettre en évidence l’orientation identitaire du constitutionnalisme, en identifier la structureidentitaire, pour, enfin, en déterminer les étrangers ou « Autres. » La recherche vise à déplacer la comparaison enproduisant une phénoménologie de l’exclusion constitutionnelle, ou « dehors constitutifs, » avec une typologiedes étrangers du droit. La démonstration sera faite dans le cadre des conflits de la religion et de l’orientationsexuelle démontrant l’orientation blanche, hétéropatriarcale et hétéronormative du droit constitutionnel. / This research intends on proving how constitutionalism and exclusion collide one against the other trhough a critique of the french gaze on a supposedly canadian model of pluralism. This negative comparison's silencesbetween France and Canada gave birth to this question of how one is being excluded and othered based on the identity of constitutional law. This critique, that focuses on identities, is shifting those three dialectics supporting the aforementioned negative comparison: positivism v. pluralism; universalism v. differentialism; republicanism v. liberal pluralism. France and Canada share this issue of how reality is oriented towards specific identities. This research is, then, a critique of constitutional identities. Exclusion is defined as the gap between the orientation of law's identitiesnd the bodily reality of its subjects.The analytical tool developed here to tackle exclusionin law has three steps:shedding lighton the orientations of constitutionalism, its identity structure, and its constitutional Others.The research purports on turning shcolars' critical gazetowards this phenomenology of constitutional exclusion, its "constitutive outside," by deciphering a typologyof constitutional Others. Thiw will be through the collisions of freedom of religionand sexual orientation. Constitutionalism is per se oriented towardshe ascendency of whiteness, patriarcalism and heteronormativity.
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