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No. of bitstreams: 1 chiarini_ca_me_ia.pdf: 1655214 bytes, checksum: 7fbbde6aa571cbd4088b5782ed44dc36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa é o processo de construção do trabalho pedagógico realizado por educadores musicais da Associação Amigos do Projeto Guri (AAPG) na Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (Fundação CASA, antiga FEBEM), instituição paulista de internação e internação provisória de adolescentes infratores/ras em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com nove educadores musicais atuantes nessa instituição, cujos trabalhos realizados são pouco conhecidos e discutidos no campo da educação musical, conforme a escassa bibliografia localizada permitiu concluir. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivos: desvelar as demandas do trabalho de educadores musicais dentro da Fundação CASA; conhecer as maneiras com as quais cada educador musical foi respondendo na prática pedagógico-musical a essas demandas e analisar, a partir dos relatos dos educadores musicais, as conexões entre as especificidades desse contexto, seus atores e a prática pedagógico-musical. Para atender a esses objetivos, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram do tipo qualitativo, com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais. O referencial teórico para a interpretação dos dados resultantes das etapas da investigação é interdisciplinar, proveniente, por um lado, de áreas como a sociologia e a criminologia, com Erving Goffman e Alvino Augusto de Sá, e, por outro lado, de áreas como a filosofia da educação, abordando as ideias de experiência de John Dewey e Jorge Larrosa. A presente pesquisa desvelou demandas especificas do trabalho de educadores musicais na Fundação CASA, o que ajudou a compreender como são construídas as experiências pedagógicas dos entrevistados, dando maior visibilidade acerca da educação musical em unidades socioeducativas de internação e de internação provisória situadas na cidade de São Paulo. / The object of study of this research is the work made by musical educators of the Associação Amigos do Projeto Guri (AAPG) in the Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (Fundação CASA, old FEBEM), institution of internment and provisional internment for juvenile in fulfillment of socio-educational measure. A multi-case study was carried out with nine musical educators working in this institution whose works are little known and discussed in the field of musical education, according to the scarce bibliography on this subject. The present research aims to: unveil the demands of the work of musical educators within the Fundação CASA; to know the ways in which each musical educator has responded in pedagogical-musical practice to these demands; to analyze, from the reports of the musical educators, the connections between the specifics of this context, its actors and the pedagogical-musical practice. To meet these objectives, the methodological procedures were of the qualitative type with the execution of individual semi-structured interviews. The theoretical reference for the interpretation of the data resulting from the stages of the investigation is interdisciplinary, coming from areas such as sociology and criminology with Erving Goffman, Alvino Augusto de Sá and in the philosophy and pedagogy with the ideas of experience of John Dewey and Jorge Larrosa. The present research revealed specific demands of the work of musical educators in the Fundação CASA, which helped to understand how the pedagogical experiences of the interviewees are constructed, providing greater visibility about musical education in socio-educational units of incarceration located in São Paulo city.

Este estudo tem por objeto a efetivação dos direitos sociais por meio da atuação preventiva do Poder Público. Os direitos sociais fazem parte dos direitos fundamentais, posições jurídicas de suma relevância no ordenamento jurídico, objetivando à concretização da dignidade humana. Os direitos sociais são direitos fundamentais referentes à concretização da justiça social por meio da transformação das estruturas sociais e, por isso, sua não observância ou violação representa sério desrespeito aos princípios fundantes do Estado Democrático de Direito. Atualmente, os mecanismos jurídicos existentes, de forma geral, priorizam a atuação repressiva do Estado. Logo, a atuação em defesa dos direitos sociais (deveres de proteção do Estado), normalmente, acontece posteriormente à não observância ou violação do direito. O presente estudo, então, propõe a atuação preventiva do Poder Público para a efetivação de direitos sociais, considerando-se que esta forma de atuação pode ser uma forma de concretização de direitos fundamentais, pois visa a evitar o desrespeito a tais direitos, sendo, por via oblíqua, uma forma de sua efetivação. Nesse sentido, defende-se a utilização de instrumentos jurídicos de caráter preventivo existentes no âmbito do Direito Ambiental para a tutela de direitos sociais, mais especificamente, do licenciamento ambiental, que, no caso seria chamado de licenciamento social para os casos de instalação de indústrias. / The aim of this study is the fulfillment of social rights through preventive action of the Government. Social rights are part of fundamental rights, legal positions of utmost relevance in the legal system, aiming the achievement of human dignity. Social rights are fundamental rights relating to the achievement of social justice through the transformation of social structures and, therefore, your non-compliance or violation represents serious disrespect to the founding principles of the Democratic State of Law. Currently, the existing legal mechanisms, in general, prioritize the repressive actions of the state. Therefore, the acting in defense of social rights (state duties of protection) usually happens after the non-compliance or violation of right. Then, this study proposes the preventive action of the Government for the realization of social rights, considering that this mode of working can be an achievement of fundamental rights, because it aims to prevent disrespect of such rights, and, aslant, a form of its implementation. In this sense, advocates the use of legal instruments of preventive character existing under Environmental Law for the protection of social rights, more specifically, the environmental licensing, which in this case would be called social licensing for cases of installation of industries.

In a world that is getting more and more globalized and dependent of the progress within the sphere of technology, there is a need for organizations to keep up with this development. Virtual Teams are a developing area, where there is a strive and a consistent desire to evolve and reach a higher level of efficiency. There is also a development when it comes to communication and is a consequence of a world that is increasingly globalized, and creating global competition is facilitated by a wider use of information and communication technology This leads to higher demands on the Virtual Leader in order to make sure that the team reaches its full potential, and being able to tackle the challenges that comes with leading an in a Virtual Environment. Since it is a subject that is still going through a phase of evolution, there is a knowledge gap in both a theoretical and practical view. The creation of Virtual Teams and the Virtual Leader encounters several aggravating challenges compared to traditionally collocated teams. There is a need for a clear definition of a Virtual Leader as well how to handle upcoming challenges. This study suggests a suitable definition for a Virtual Leader, where the result was drawn from a literature review and qualitative data from ten different companies and twenty respondents. A connection is drawn to the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation model (FIRO) made by Will Schutz in 1958. The main objectives of a leader are still the same, it is rather the context that has changed, and therefore an expansion of the model is presented. This reinforces the purpose of this study which is to investigate how a Virtual Leader can overcome the aforementioned challenges and ensure that everyone in the team are heading in the same direction.

The topic of this Master Thesis is Incident Management process as well as other processes which are inseparably linked to it, such as Problem Management, Change Management, Knowledge Management, etc. Main focus of this work is taken to the mentioned processes implementation in the real environment of the real company. Those processes are to be supported by selected information system whereas the selection itself is also part of the project. The processess are compared and optimized with use of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL).

Specialistofficeren skall utgöra ryggraden inom Försvarsmakten avseende kompetens, erfarenhet och djup kunskap. För att kunna bygga denna kompetens och erfarenhet är stabilitet vad gäller tid i befattning viktigt. Enligt nu gällande arméns riktlinjer för yrkes- och karriärutveckling skall tiden i respektive befattning vara tre till sex år. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska och förstå varför specialistofficerare vid Skaraborgs Regementes Krigsförbandsenhet byter befattning och inte stannar kvar i dessa under längre tidsperioder. Studien har genomförts som kvalitativ forskning med induktiv ansats. Empirin har inhämtats genom intervjuer som analyserats genom metod som är inspirerad av Grundad teori. Ur empirin framträder fem teman som påverkar specialistofficeren avseende befattningsbyten. Dessa teman är Motiverande faktorer, Destruktiva krafter, Monetär resursfördelning, Organisationens förutsättningar samt Jagets uppfyllelse. Dessa teman är på olika sätt relaterade till och påverkar även varandra, men centralt är Jagets uppfyllelse och att detta påverkar Organisationens förutsättningar. Vår analys pekar på att specialistofficeren inte stannar kvar i befattning enligt de tre till sex år som Försvarsmaktens olika direktiv säger på grund av ett antal orsaker. Organisationen är själv orsak till att specialistofficerarnas tid i befattning inte upprätthålls enligt Försvarsmaktens skrivelser. Detta genom att specialistofficerare arbetsleds till nya befattningar tidigare än avsett, vilket bland annat beror på personalbrist. När specialistofficeren upplever brist på motivation, brist på personlig utveckling eller upplever stagnation så söker han eller hon ny befattning. Specialistofficerarna tränas till att vara initiativ- och handlingskraftiga, vilket även syns när det gäller sitt eget självförverkligande. Riktlinjerna för yrkes- och karriärutveckling som organisationen satt upp avseende tid i befattning ses inte som trovärdiga vad gäller antal år och riskerar därför inte lyckas implementeras fullt ut. Detta beror bland annat på att organisationen väsentligt har ändrat förutsättningar för specialistofficerskåren från det att individerna klev in i yrket till idag, samt att specialistofficerarna inte varit delaktiga i utformningen av systemet. Avseende lön är specialistofficeren inte nöjd, men heller inte missnöjd. Om och när missnöje väger över blir lön ett skäl att byta befattning. Detta eftersom enda möjligheten att påverka sin lön för specialistofficeren är genom att byta befattning. Våra rekommendationer är att skapa förutsättningar för en bättre personalplanering i form av relevanta och trovärdiga personalplaner som taktar bättre med individens vilja och behov. Tätare dialog mellan organisation, chef och individ behöver ske kring utveckling. Organisationsförändringar och skapande av allomfattande riktlinjer behöver ske i dialog och delaktighet, precis som Försvarsmaktens syn på ledarskap säger. Att specialistofficerare som är rättutbildade får vara delaktiga i utformningen av sin egen yrkeskårs framtid är särskilt viktig. Erfarenhet och kunskap måste få betala sig i form av lön för specialistofficerare. Så länge enda möjligheten att påverka sin lön är att byta befattning riskerar så också att ske. / The Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) is supposed to be the spine within the Swedish Armed Forces due to competence, knowledge and experience. Stability and time on each position are crucial aspects to ensure this competence and experience in the NCO profession. According to the Swedish Army´s guidelines about development within career and profession the time spent on each position should be 3 – 6 years for an NCO. The purpose of this study is to examine and to understand why NCO:s at Krigsförbandsenheten within the Skaraborg Regiment stays or do not stay in in the same position for the recommended number of years, according to the guidelines of the Armed Forces specifies. The study is qualitative and inductive. The empiricism has been obtained from interviews  which have been analyzed according to Grounded Theory. The empiricism shows five themes which affects the NCO:s choices to change position. These themes are Motivating Factors, Destructive Forces, Distribution of Monetary Resources, The Conditions of the Organization and Fulfillment of the Ego. These themes are related to and affect each other in different ways, but Fulfillment of the ego is central, and that it affects the conditions of the organization. The analysis shows that most NCO:s do not stay in the same position for the recommended 3-6 years, and that this depends on a number of different reasons. The organization itself is a big cause why the NCO:s do not stay in position the recommended time. This cause depends on lack of personnel. When the NCO experiences lack of motivation, lack of personal progress, or stagnation, he or she will search for a new position. The NCO:s are trained to be full of initiative and to be actionable. This also makes them full of initiative and actionable when it comes to their own self-fulfillment. The guidelines that the organization has created about time on position are not seen as trustworthy or credible, therefore it will not succeed in full implementation. This depends on, among other things that the organization substantially has changed the conditions for the NCO-corps from the time they started their career to how it works today. In addition the NCO:s have not been allowed to be a part in the development and shaping of the future of the corps. The NCO:s are not satisfied with their salaries, but they are not either dissatisfied. If and when dissatisfaction becomes significant, the salary becomes a reason to change position because this is also the only way for the NCO to affect their salary. The problems can be solved by better planning of personnel. A better and more frequent dialogue between organization, commander and individual about development and progress needs to be performed. Changes of organization, and creating of large guidelines needs to be performed in dialogue and with participation from those it affects. This would be in accordance with the SAF’s view on the concept of leadership. It is of utmost importance that NCO:s with the right education and training are allowed to take part in the future development of their own corps. The NCO’s knowledge and experience have to be valuable and form the basis for the salary. As long as the only way to affect the salary is to change position, the risk that the NCO will do so is imminent.

Vardagslyx beskrivs som något som frångår vardagsrutinen och handlingen ses ofta som tillfredsställande. Begreppet och fenomenet är än idag något abstrakt och diffust, då det skiljer sig mellan olika individer hur, när och varför man väljer att tillämpa vardagslyx. Syftet med studien var att utforska fenomenet ​vardagslyx​ och dess hälsofrämjande potential för universitetsstudenter. Kvalitativ metod användes för att besvara studiens syfte. Vid insamling av data fick 24 universitetsstudenter skriva öppna brev, sedan analyserades det insamlade materialet av författarna i en manifest innehållsanalys. I sin tur skapades en huvudkategori; “Egenmaktens kraft i uppfyllandet av de egna behoven och känslan av en mer lustfylld vardag” med följande underkategorier; (1) egentid och samvaro med nära och kära, (2) personligt och materiellt värde samt (3) sinnesintryck och påverkansfaktorer. Resultatet visar att vardagslyx innefattar många olika delar: det sociala samspelet, egentid, fysiska ting, upplevelser och känslorna i sig som dessa framkallar. Slutsatsen pekar på att vardagslyx kan användas som ett hälsopromotivt verktyg för att minska stress, öka känslan av empowerment samt tenderar att främja det allmänna välbefinnandet hos individen ur ett holistiskt perspektiv. / Pampering is described as something that deviates from the daily routines and the act can often be seen as satisfying. The concept can be a bit abstract, as it differs between why and when each individual practices it. The aim of the study was to explore the phenomenon of pampering and its health promoting potential for university students. To explore its benefits, a qualitative method was used in the form of an open letter. 24 university students provided their reflections and later on the collection was made. The authors analyzed the collected material through a manifest content analysis. Based on the open letters a main category was created; “Empowerment’s role in the fulfillment of one's needs and a more enjoyable everyday life”, with following sub categories; (1) time alone and with others, (2) personal and material value and (3) sensory perceptions and factors of impact. The result shows that pampering covers a lot of different aspects: the social environment, alone time, material things, experiences and the emotions they contribute. The conclusion is that pampering can be used as a health promotive tool to reduce stress, increase the feelings of empowerment and tend to enhance the overall wellbeing for the individual in a holistic perspective.

Endimensionell kod ska fasas ut som informationsbärare i dagligvarubranschen och ersättas med tvådimensionell kod, något som anses kunna leda till ett paradigmskifte enligt GS1. Syftet med studien är att analysera den potentiella påverkan ersättandet av endimensionell kod till tvådimensionell kod kommer ha på orderhanteringsprocessen i dagligvarubutiker. Förändringen antas i sin tur påverka andra processer i butik samt den direkta försörjningskedjan. Studien hade en induktiv ansats och information från GS1 har legat till grund för teorivalen. En digital intervju utfördes för att diskutera aktiviteter som sker i en orderhanteringsprocess. Resultatet från studien visade på att QR-koden i sig inte kommer skapa ett paradigmskifte, mycket kommer att bero på hur QR-koden implementeras och på vilket sätt organisationer drar nytta av informationen som blir tillgänglig. QR-kod (typ 3) kommer inte påverka de nuvarande aktiviteterna i orderhanteringsprocessen nämnvärt, men QR-koden har desto större potential att påverka aktiviteter som indirekt har kopplingar till orderhanteringen. Eftersom den tvådimensionella koden har kapacitet för mer information kan det potentiellt bidra till att varuflöden effektiviseras och att samtliga medlemmar i försörjningskedjan får tillgång till information som skapar affärsnyttor för både leverantör, butik och kund. / One-dimensional code will be phased out in the grocery industry and replaced with two-dimensional code, something that is considered to lead to a paradigm shift according to GS1. The purpose of the study is to analyze the potential impact the replacement of one-dimensional code to two-dimensional code will have on the order fulfillment process in grocery stores. The change is in turn assumed to affect other processes in the store as well as the direct supply chain. The study had an inductive approach, information from GS1 has been the basis for the theories chosen. A digital interview was conducted to discuss activities that take place in an order fulfillment process. The results from the study showed that the QR code itself will not create a paradigm shift, much will depend on what way organizations benefit from the information that becomes available. QR code will not significantly affect the current activities in the order fulfillment process, the QR code has greater potential to affect activities that are indirectly linked to order fulfillment. Two-dimensional code has the capacity for more information, it can potentially contribute to streamlining of product flows and contribute to business benefits for the members of the supply chain.

Inledning: Rekommendationerna om distansarbete under pandemin har haftstor påverkan på arbetsmiljön. Kommunikationskanalerna och de naturligamötesplatserna har förändrats, vilket i sin tur har påverkan påsamordningsmekanismerna inom målstyrningen. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie upptäcka hursamordningsmekanismer förändras av distansarbete och vilka konsekvenser detkan få för målkongruensen och måluppfyllelsen i ett företag. Metod: I denna rapport har en fallstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer genomförtspå ett företag med två fokusgrupper, som framtagits genom ett målstyrt urval.Detta med syftet att uppnå en fördjupad förståelse för respondenternasupplevelser. Slutsatser: Studien fastslår att styrningsmekanismerna påverkas till följd avdistansarbetet. De formella mekanismerna ökar, medan de informella minskar,vilket leder till osäkerhet, missförstånd och ineffektivitet på arbetsplatsen. / Introduction: The recommendations on teleworking during the pandemic havehad a major impact on the work environment. The communication channels andthe natural meeting places have changed, which in turn has an impact on thecoordination mechanisms within goal management. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to discover through a qualitative casestudy how coordination mechanisms are changed by teleworking and whatconsequences it can have for goal congruence and goal fulfillment in acompany. Method: In this report, a case study with qualitative interviews was conductedat a company with two focus groups, which was produced through agoal-directed selection. This with the aim of achieving an in-depthunderstanding of the respondents' experiences. Conclusions: The study states that the control mechanisms are affected as aresult of the telework. The formal mechanisms increase, while the informalones decrease, leading to insecurity, misunderstandings and inefficiencies inthe workplace.

This study aims to investigate the rationalization behind young adults' decision on whether or not they want children. The goal is to help contribute to previous studies on how reproductive mindsets differ based on whether or not a person wants children. This is a qualitative study rooted in interviews with eleven women and one man all aged 19 to 31 years of age. The theories used to analyze the results are concentrating on the terms expected lifeline, biological destiny, self-fulfillment, active mothering and intense mothering.  The results of this study show that the personal definitions of "success" in life do not differ drastically based on the desire to have children. Additionally, the informants all had similar expectations of what was "needed" from life,  in a financial sense, to achieve desired living conditions before having children. What did matter was what a person found self-fulfilling and their self-image in determining their desire for children. The results also show that the informants had experienced similar interactions with the pressures of societal norms on expected lifeline and that they worry about not living up to the notion of what a good parent is like.

Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) is a fairly recent yet popular single-solution heuristic for solving discrete optimization problems. Even though the heuristic has been a popular choice for researchers in recent times, the parallelization of this algorithm is not widely studied in the literature compared to the other classical metaheuristics. To extend the existing literature, this study proposes several different parallel schemes to parallelize the basic/sequential ALNS algorithm. More specifically, seven different parallel schemes are employed to target different characteristics of the ALNS algorithm and the capability of the local computers. The schemes of this study are implemented in a master-slave architecture to manage and assign loads in processors of the local computers. The overall goal is to simultaneously explore different areas of the search space in an attempt to escape the local minima, taking effective steps toward the optimal solution and, to the end, accelerating the convergence of the ALNS algorithm. The performance of the schemes is tested by solving a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with available wellknown test instances. Our computational results indicate that all the parallel schemes are capable of providing a competitive optimality gap in solving CVRP within our investigated test instances. However, the parallel scheme (scheme 1), which runs the ALNS algorithm independently within different slave processors (e.g., without sharing any information with other slave processors) until the synchronization occurs only when one of the processors meets its predefined termination criteria and reports the solution to the master processor, provides the best running time with solving the instances approximately 10.5 times faster than the basic/sequential ALNS algorithm. These findings are applied in a real-life fulfillment process using mixed-mode delivery with trucks and drones. Complex but optimized routes are generated in a short time that is applicable to perform last-mile delivery to customers.