本研究採用民族誌取向之質性研究方法，探討一個園長的領導。目的在瞭解利園長（化名）從入園開始是如何領導園所、型塑園所的樣貌及其過程中所使用的策略。在將近一年半的時間裡，研究者以訪談、參與觀察、文件檔案和研究日誌等方法收集資料，並以紮根理論研究方法作分析，主要發現為：利園長用「家」的圖像隱喻幼兒園，將自己定位為「母雞」，並用分享、關懷和照顧等行動來營造幼兒園的社會環境。於物理環境方面，則是從實體環境和教職員工的行為著手改變並注意持續。人事行政上則從福利制度、會議、活動及象徵名詞利用..等著手，來達到穩定人事和凝聚人心的目標。關於課程與教學的領導，「評鑑」成為明顯的分界，評鑑後藉由「教授在園輔導」之外力，幫助園所繼續朝向目標前進。整體課程與教學的領導來看，園長乃在協助教師實踐教學；提供教師接受訓練、專業發展的機會並對於園所的課程活動有所影響。於領導策略部分：比較利園長於環境、人事行政、課程與教學之領導策略，可以發現部分策略於不同目標下的重複出現，如：以身作則、個人學習、賦權、適時增讚與鼓勵、對錢慷慨等。將本研究所提煉之領導策略與過去文獻相較，亦見極高之相似度。 　　整體而言，評鑑前利園長偏向於人事行政和環境的領導，評鑑後則以課程與教學為焦點。內外因素如：「評鑑、園長經驗與能力以及個人人格特質」均交互影響著利園長的領導。賦權、近程戰果的出現和願景以及教職員工對園長信任度的交錯，使得至園願意繼續改革的長征。園長的領導是藉由強化他人（教職員工）來強化自己（園所），運用關懷和傾聽平衡效率和人性的協調。最後，研究者並發現長期的領導歷程及成果來自中期和短期歷程的完成及堆疊。 　　根據上述之研究發現，提出「隱喻、願景和目標的思索；再思例行性工作；揭開自己園所文化；重思領導與學術研究的關係；積極掌握園長在課程/教學的影響及角色；檢視自我領導歷程及目標的串連關係」等六項建議。其他建議有：翻譯或編寫有助於園長領導、管理之用的作品；建立園長見習、實習制度；以及未來仍可開發更多關於「園長領導、園長與教師互動」議題之研究。 / This research used ethnology approach to explore a director's leadership in the kindergarten. The aim is to understand how director Mrs. Lee (faint name) led the kindergarten from the date she went in. Also how she sculptures the image of the kindergarten and the strategies that she used in the process. Within one and half year the researcher interviewed, observed, filed and took note to collect all the data. Then used ground theory to analysis and find that Miss Lee described the kindergarten as a home, she sees herself as the hen. Sharing, caring and loving were used to promote the kindergarten's social environment. Other environments were from the actual environment and staff's behavior to start to charge or continue. As for personnel administration were from welfare system, meeting and activities to gather the will of the staffs and stable the personnel. About leadership in curriculum and teaching, she clearly used "assessment" as the dividing line. Before the assessment on the kindergarten. Miss Lee was leading toward the areas in personnel and environment. But after the assessment, she moved to the areas of curriculum and teaching as her main focus. Internal and external inferences were likes: "assessment, director's experiences and abilities, also individual personality" will cross interferences with Miss Lee's leadership. Overall the director's leadership was to strengthen others (staffs) to strengthen self (the kindergarten), using caring and listening to balance up efficiency and human nature. At the end the researcher also found that the processes of long-term success were pilling up of the results from many short term or middle term to achieved it. According to findings that mention above the researcher had six advises: "raised deep thoughts in metaphor, vision and aims; rethinking about routine works; uncover your kindergarten's culture; self assessment in the connection between process of the leadership and aim." Other advises had translated or compose can help director's leadership, products of administer, build up on directors to learn on the job, trainee system and have more researches in director's leadership and interaction between director and staff in the future.

本研究為了解家族企業第一代傳承給第二代之接班規劃與模式，及第一代在採取此接班模式所考量之接班因素為何。首先以文獻與次級資料進行紮根分析，大致歸納出台灣家族企業在進行接班時所考量之因素為何。再以深度訪談之方式，訪談十家台灣家族企業，在訪談過程中進一步探究現在台灣家族企業在接班時所採取之模式與其所考量之因素。接續次級資料進行紮根研究，以達到理論飽和。 選擇家族內部成員或非家族內部成員的家族接班考慮因素有：血緣或親屬關係、中華文化與家庭倫理、教育學歷背景、基層做起、部門輪調、外部工作經驗、意願、信任、經營權、所有權、股權分配、能力、忠誠度、領導風格、個人特質等因素。選擇企業內部員工或外部專業經理人之能力接班考慮因素歸納出來有：教育學歷背景、資歷、企業文化、引進專業技術能力、管理制度、板凳哲學、關係、基層做起、部門輪調、遠見、領導風格。進一步以紮根理論研究方法將兩部份因素進行主軸編碼與選擇編碼最後歸納出第一部份的核心類別為「家族接班」，第二部份的核心類別為「能力接班」。 本研究相關之研究發現有以下六點： 一、 科技、製造業對教育學歷背景之要求較食品、消費品業明確。 二、 家族成員以各部門歷練為主， 內部員工重在深層培育， 外部專業經理人大 致了解各部門運作。 三、管理導向領導者較適合兄弟共治企業，新一代領導者偏好外部專業經理人。 四、兄弟共治企業要長久 經營，彼此觀念要相契合、少計較，並 清楚分權。 五、年輕二代績效表現主要以改善企業流程或制度為主，尚無法進行重大決策。 六、第二代在規劃未來接班時多以企業內部員工或外部專業經理人為主。 / The objective of this research was to understand how the owner of family business plans his/her succession and what the factors he or she considers. Firstly, following the grounded theory method, I reviewed prior literatures and used the secondary data to categorize the considered factors in the succession of Taiwanese family business. Then, I conducted the in-depth interviews with 10 Taiwanese family business members to further verify the succession factors. Finally, I used these collected data to achieve theoretical saturation. The factors of choosing the successor between family members and non-family members are including: relationship of blood and relatives, Confucian values and Chinese culture, educational background, frontline work experience, functional rotation, outside work experience, willingness, trustiness, governance, ownership, distribution of shares, competence, royalty, leadership and characteristics. The factors of choosing the successor between internal employees and outside professional managers are including: educational background, seniority, business culture, introduce professional skills or professional management, succession system, relationship, frontline work experience, functional rotation, foresight and leadership. I used the axial coding and selective coding to categorize these two kinds of factors into central categories of “Family succession” and “Competence succession”. The study can be summarized as following findings: 1. The requirements of educational background of technology are more specific in the manufacturing industry than the food and FMCG industries. 2. Family members are focused on functional rotation; internal employees are more emphasized on depth training; the outside professional manager come to family business directly. 3. The management-oriented leader prefers co-governance of family business between brothers. The new generation leader prefers outside professional managers. 4. The consistent value of management and clear decentralization are important in brother-cooperative governance business. 5. The main task of the new generation leader’s performance is to improve business processes or systems. They didn’t have the enough authority to make an important decision. 6. The new generation leaders plan their future successions with internal members or outside professional managers.

<p><strong><p>Purpose:</p><p>mental illness and the effect it has on individuals social network and relationships, and vice versa.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to shed light on the rarely mentioned subject of severe<strong> </strong></p><p>Method:</p><p>analysis was performed on a total of 15 interviews, which consists of three individuals with severe mental illness. The focus of the study was the subjects’ description of the social network, excluding clinicians and other professionals.</p>This study is inspired and conducted in a Grounded Theory manner. A secondary<strong><p>Findings:</p><p>may it be with specific individuals or groups. They describe the importance of surrounding themselves with people who do not judge them and it is through them they get validated.</p><p>Places have been emphasised as having special meaning for the social interaction and overall wellbeing for the subjects.</p>There is active actions for social interactions/relationships taken by the subjects,<strong><p>Conclusion:</p><p>their social network. The stigmatization which comes with severe mental illness diagnoses effect their social network constellation. It is therefore of importance for clinicians and other professionals, to recognize patients efforts and active attempts for social interaction.</p><p>The subjects in the study are aware of the demands and expectations that exist in</p></strong></strong></strong></p>

Stress-related diseases and burnout have increased in Sweden during the last decades. In 2006, the most common diagnoses for new cases of sickness compensation were mental and behavioural disorders in both women and men. In spite of the large group of people seeking care for and on long-term sickness absence due to stress-related diseases and burnout, there is no agreement on which treatment they should be offered. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe patients on longterm sick leave because of burnout and to evaluate rehabilitation programs for this patient group. Two patient samples were recruited from the Stress Clinic at the University Hospital in Umeå, Sweden: REST (Rehabilitation for stressrelated disease and burnout; n=136) and QIST (Qigong for stress-related disease and burnout; n=82). A general population sample was from the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA survey (n=573). Patients in REST were randomised into a 1-year rehabilitation program to either program A (Cognitively-oriented Behavioural Rehabilitation (CBR) and Qigong), or to program B (Qigong alone). In Paper I, baseline data were compared with data from the MONICA sample. In paper II, programs A and B were compared regarding effects on psychological variables and sick leave rates, and in Paper III, 18 patients from program A and B were interviewed to explore subjective experiences of the rehabilitation programs. Patients in QIST were allocated to an intervention with Qigong twice a week for 12 weeks or a control group. Psychological and physical measurements were assessed in QIST. Data were collected by questionnaires, physical measurements, the register on sick leave, and interviews. Patients with burnout reported a more restricted social network and higher work demands than the general population. In relation to women from a general population, women with burnout more often worked “with people”, reported high job strain, a more sedentary work situation and less emotional support. A per-protocol analysis showed no significant differences in treatment effect between program A and B in REST or between the intervention and control group in QIST. All groups improved significantly over time with reduced levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. In REST, lower scores on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stress behaviour, and sick leave rates were found in both programs and in QIST both groups increased dynamic balance and physical capacity. In an intention-to-treat analysis, patients in program A in REST had significantly fewer obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and larger effect sizes in stress behaviour and obsessive-compulsive symptoms compared to patients in program B. Patients in both REST programs perceived that the 1-year rehabilitation program gave them specific tools to use in secondary prevention. They also emphasised that the good encounters, affirmation and group cohesiveness they perceived during the 8 rehabilitation was a necessary basis for initiation of a behavioural change leading to recovery. In conclusion, compared to a general population, patients with burnout perceived more demands at work and less social support. Lack of emotional support seemed to be more associated with burnout among women. There were no differences in effect between CBR and Qigong compared to Qigong alone, or between a 12 week Qigong intervention compared to a control condition. Improvements were found in all groups in the rehabilitation programs. CBR combined with Qigong have some advantages compared to Qigong alone. An environment with good encounters and affirmation of the patients was experiences as important by the patients and group rehabilitation had advantages as recognition and support from the group. Early rehabilitation measures are important to prevent long-term sickness absence. In future rehabilitation programs it might be necessary to have a more individualized approach and choose treatments preferred by the patient.

Introduction Gender as a social and cultural construction has an impact on physiotherapist and patient beliefs, understanding, and behaviour and could affect physiotherapy encounters. Gender studies in early rehabilitation are scarce. The aim of this thesis was to study gender during different parts of the rehabilitation process for primary health care patients with neck and back pain. Method The analyses are based on data from three different samples. One sample is composed of physiotherapists and two samples consist of patients consulting primary health care providers because of neck and back pain. All data were gathered from primary health care provided in Västerbotten County. Baseline data on 73 physiotherapists and 586 of their patients with neck and back pain were collected by questionnaire during three consecutive days in 2006. Patient data included affected pain site and treatment procedures used by the physiotherapist (Study I). Differences in treatment procedures used by female and male physiotherapists and differences in use for female or male patients were analysed using Chi square-test, Fisher’s exact tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regressions with cluster analysis. Thematised interviews with 12 patients were made before the patient’s first appointment with a physiotherapist or doctor and repeated after three months. Data were analysed according to grounded theory (Study II) and qualitative content analysis (Study III). A comprehensive questionnaire was answered at the first appointment when patients sought a physiotherapist in primary health care. The questionnaires included questions about pain intensity, self-rated health, function, psychological stress reactions, domestic work, work environment, self-efficacy and kinesiophobia. Response patterns were linked to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS). Result Patients were given the same treatment procedures irrespective of gender. The treatment procedures most often used were training of joint motion (48%), training of muscle functions and strength training (31%), massage (31%), physical treatment (28%), information about health/ill health (24%), and acupuncture (18%). Female and male physiotherapists used the same treatment procedures with a few exceptions. Female physiotherapists used treatment for mental functions and acupuncture more often than male physiotherapists. The women gave their patients a unique mixture of treatment procedures more frequently (43%) compared to their male colleagues (25%). Male physiotherapists used more training of joint motion. "To be confirmed" emerged as the core category when analysing interviews that considered expectations or experiences. Five categories were extracted: "To be taken seriously", "To get an explanation", "To be individually assessed and treated", "To be invited to participate", and "To be taken care of in a trustworthy environment". These were factors leading to confirmation. Two ideal types were identified: "confident" and "ambiguous". The "confident" did not doubt their right to health care and blamed their work for causing the pain. They related to a positive identity of strong or hard working. The "ambiguous" were afraid of being regarded as old, whining women and not being taken seriously. They were ashamed of having neck or back pain and blamed themselves; they thought they were not fit enough. The ideal types were not completely defined by gender, but more men were among the "confident" ideal type and more women were among the "ambiguous" type. Patients reacted differently to feelings of being confirmed or not, and this depended on whether they were the "confident" or "ambiguous" ideal type. The "confident" were satisfied and reacted with reorientation when they felt confirmed, even if they were not totally cured. When not confirmed, the "confident" reacted with anger, frustration, and feelings of shame or remained proud and blamed the health care personnel for being incompetent. The "ambiguous" also were satisfied and felt reoriented when they were confirmed. They then moved from being an "ambiguous" type to a more "confident" type. When the "ambiguous" were not confirmed in healthcare, they became dissatisfied and unhappy. They doubted the assessment, felt forlorn, and felt increased shame. Not being confirmed was experienced more negatively by women than by men irrespective of ideal type. Interesting information was found about how patients view their body in relation to pain during analysis of expectations and experiences in study II interviews. This led to Study III. In study III, "Fear of hurting the fragile body" emerged as an interview theme. Five categories supported or undermined beliefs about pain and physical activity: "The mechanical body", "Messages about activity", "Earlier experiences of pain and activity", "To be a good citizen", and "Support to be active". Patients thought their pain was due to tissue damage and viewed their bodies in a mechanical way. Clear messages from health care personnel about activity led to less fear of physical activity. Vague and contradictory messages led to more fear. Gender-stereotyped messages were given to patients. "The take it carefully" was such a message, and was more often to women when women were thought to be weak and in need of training. Another message was "Pain goes with heavy work". This message was more often given to men when men were thought to be strong and not in need of training. Earlier experiences of pain and activity could have been positive or negative. If positive, the experiences led to less fear of engaging in physical activity. A wish to be a good citizen, such as being a good parent, led to patients being more engaged in child care and playing more than they thought was good for their pain. Women, more than men, expressed avoidance of sick leave because they did not want to be a burden to society or to their work colleagues. Patients were anxious about how to do the "correct" exercises to avoid further injury. Practical support and a follow up to adjust the training program were important to reduce the fear of engaging in physical activity and to maintain motivation. One hundred and eighteen patients (84 women and 34 men) completed the questionnaire. PCA of all questions identified five significant components. The model explained 37% of the variance. The predictive power was 17%. PC1 explained 17% of the variance and the predictive power was 0.13%. PC1 was mainly explained by questions classified in ICF as Activity and Participation. These included questions about physical function and self-efficacy (classified as Content of Thought). Questions about support (classified as Environmental Factors) and stress reactions (classified as Body Function (Emotional Functions)) mainly explained PC2. PC3 was mainly explained by reported pain and symptoms from muscles (classified as Body Functions) and domestic work and leisure time activities (classified as Activity and Participation). There were differences in t-scores between women and men in PC2 (p=0.045) and PC3 (p=0.003). Variables that discriminated between women and men were questions about stress reactions and support at work in PC2, and questions about pain intensity and domestic work in PC3. Conclusion As a physiotherapist working with neck and back pain rehabilitation patients, it is important to be aware of both one’s own and the patient’s preconceptions about women and men. It is also important to be aware of the impact of gender on the professional role when choosing treatment procedures in order to ensure that choices will be based on evidence of effectiveness and not from stereotypes. Awareness of the patient’s individual needs and subsequent adaptation of treatments is also important. Some patients display a negative self-assessment and shame. They need more support to be able to reorient. Unless these patients are confirmed, they are at risk of prolonged disability. Gender stereotypes can hinder rehabilitation of neck and back pain if women are seen as weak and in need of protection and men are seen as strong and not in need of preventive muscle training. When assessing neck and back pain patients with questionnaires, gender has less significance than when asking questions about physical function and self-efficacy. Questions about emotions of stress reactions, support at work, and pain intensity contribute to gender differences for women. Questions on the level of domestic work contribute to gender differences for men.

Background The psychosocial work environment affects our health (e.g., sick leave and mortality rates). Research on psychosocial work factors and burnout has focused on specific workplaces or occupations and rarely evaluated in the general population or used longitudinal designs. In Sweden, the diagnosis of exhaustion disorder (closely related to burnout) is a common cause for sick leave. The effects of psychosocial work environments on the process of returning to work has not been studied in this specific patient group. The overall aims of this thesis were to (1) assess the level of burnout in a working general population and investigate the importance of psychosocial work factors and sex on burnout, and (2) study reduction of sick leave and experiences of returning to work in burnout patients, with special attention towards psychosocial work factors. Methods An occupationally active subset (n=1000) of the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA survey was used in a cross-sectional study. A five-year follow-up of this population was also performed (n=626). Level of burnout was measured using the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Burnout patients were studied for the second thesis aim. A cohort of 117 patients from the REST project was investigated using a baseline questionnaire and sick leave data at two-year follow-up. Grounded Theory was used for an in-depth interview and analysis of 12 employed patients. Results Cross-sectional results from the working general population showed that women have higher levels of burnout than men. In both sexes, work demands, work control, and job insecurity were associated with burnout levels. Among women, education, socioeconomic position, work object, and working hours were also important. Work factors in combination with situational life factors explained about half the difference in burnout level between women and men. Longitudinal results show that burnout levels decrease with age in both sexes, although the changes occur at an earlier age for men. A constant job strain, increased job insecurity, and a worsened economic situation are related to an increase in burnout level. When studying risk factor accumulation, each additional risk factor exposure increases the burnout level. In burnout patients, low work control and use of covert coping towards supervisors and workmates predicts unchanged sick leave levels after a twoyear period. Borderline significance was found between work overcommitment and reduced sick leave. Both personal resources and external support are described as important factors when regaining the ability to work. Perceived validation, insights into the situation and adaptive coping skills increase the chance of regaining the ability to work. External support, particularly from the workplace, is also important. Conclusion There are links between psychosocial work factors and burnout levels in a working general population and sick leave levels in burnout patients. Socioeconomic position and working conditions are important for the level of burnout among working women. In the working population, age differences occur between the sexes; women reduce their burnout levels later in life than men. In the burnout patient population, coping patterns and control at work predict sick leave levels after two years. Both internal resources and external support are important when burnout patients describe the process of regaining the ability to work. The workplace and the work environment are important in preventing working people from becoming burned out and in easeing return to work after sick leave. A person’s coping pattern is also important in reduction of sick leave.

Purpose/Aim: The aim of this paper is to study how guild leaders in World of Warcraft (WOW) and leaders of real life organizations compare in terms of tasks, every-day experiences, environment, responsibilities and motivation. This comparison is used to build a new theory describing leadership in Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs). Material/Method: The paper uses the grounded theory approach to build a new theory. 12 interviews were conducted, six with WOW guild leaders and six with leaders of real life organizations. The Four Capacities Framework and the Leadership Grid were used to analyze and compare the results of the interviews. Main results: Leadership in MMORPGs is as complex and challenging as real life leadership with the difference that it stresses the internal relationships of the organization very much while neglecting outside relations to a big extend. Guild leadership is in many ways similar to real life leadership as both require long term political decisions, policy setting and good work in the field of human resources. However, it stresses the ability to build working social relationships and to motivate using only digital communication. Some aspects of real life leadership like customer orientation and an organizational instance over the leader like an owner or share holders that the leader is responsible to are not existent.

Background: Due to the increasing global competition managers must realize the importance of competitive advantage. This can be done by reconsider how new knowledge should be acquired into the organization.  The importance of new competence creation is well known as a factor for longitudinal success for companies. There is a growing trend in outsourcing human resources activities that used to be in-house. There are numerous training vendors active on the market offering training and development opportunities to small firms. It can therefore be questioned how well the programs offered by the training vendors suites the needs of small firms. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigating the perceived training and development needs for small firms. This to understand and overcome the differences in the perception of small firms’ needs, between training vendors and small firms. Method: The research approach of this study is inspired by Grounded theory. Ten in-depth interviews have been performed, four with training vendors and six with small firms. The findings where then coded and categorized to answer the research questions and purpose of the research. Conclusion: From this research it can be seen that both small firms and training vendors do understand the need for training and development of small firms. The areas where training and development is needed for small firms can be summarised to fields of general business management and business specific knowledge. However, this research also identifies barriers that prevent small firms from attending external training. These barriers are cost, time, relevance, pride, flexibility and suitability. Time and cost are the most commonly mentioned barriers, but not the primary barriers that training vendors and small firms should focus on overcoming. Instead we argue that, the efforts should be on the attitude driven barriers: relevance, suitability, flexibility and pride. If you change the attitude among small firms towards training, the perceived benefits will become larger and therefore cost and price will become less important. If the small firms and the training vendors co-operate these barriers could easier be decreased. This could be done by ensuring that the training results in practical tools that the firms use and that they work on building a trustworthy relationship. This will help the small firms to see the relevance and the suitability of the courses offered and the training vendors to understand how to make the courses appear more relevant and suitable to the small firms. / Bakgrund: I och med den ökade globala konkurrensen, måste företagsledare förstå vikten av att inneha och bevara en konkurrens fördel. Detta kan göras genom att fokusera på hur kunskap kan tas in i organisationen. Vikten av kompetens utveckling är en välkänd faktor för långsiktig framgång för företag. Det finns en ökad trend att lägga ut ansvaret för human resources på externa företag, vilket tidigare sköttes inom företaget. Det finns ett stort antal externa utvecklingsleverantörer på marknaden. Det kan därför ifrågasättas hur väl programmen, som de externa träningsleverantörerna erbjuder, passar med behoven hos småföretagarna. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka uppfattningen om tränings- och utvecklingsbehov hos småföretagare. Detta för att få en förståelse av småföretagarnas behov och komma över skillnaderna i uppfattningarna mellan externa utvecklingsleverantörer och småföretagare. Metod: Forskningsansatsen till den här studien är inspirerad av Grundad teori. Tio djupintervjuer har genomförts, fyra stycken med externa utvecklingsleverantörer och sex stycken med småföretagare. Det empiriska materialet har organiserats genom kodning och kategorisering enligt Grundad teori. Slutsats: Från den här studien kan det ses att både småföretagare och externa utvecklingsleverantörer ser behovet av träning och utveckling i småföretag. De områden där träningsbehov är identifierade kan summers till generell företagsekonomi och specifik kunskap inom företagets bransch. Genom denna studie har dock barriärer som motverkar träning och utveckling i småföretag identifierats. Barriärerna är: kostnad, tid, relevans, stolthet, flexibilitet och lämplighet. Tid och kostnad är de mest nämnda barriärerna, men dock inte de barriärer som primärts bör fokuseras på. Istället anser vi att kraften skall fokuseras på att minska de attityd drivna barriärerna: relevans, lämplighet, flexibilitet och stolthet hos företagarna. Om attityden hos småföretagarna ändras vad gäller träning så kommer den uppfattade fördelen av träning att öka, därmed minskar vikten av barriärerna kostnad och pris. Dessa barriärer kan lättare överbyggas om småföretagarna och de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna samarbetar. Samarbetet kan ske genom att fastställa att det praktiska verktygen, utvecklade av de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna, används av småföretagarna och att en tillförlitlig relation byggs. Detta skulle hjälpa småföretagarna att se relevansen och lämpligheten i de erbjudna kurserna och de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna skulle få en förståelse i hur man kan få kurserna att framstå som relevanta och lämpliga för småföretag.

Purpose: mental illness and the effect it has on individuals social network and relationships, and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the rarely mentioned subject of severe Method: analysis was performed on a total of 15 interviews, which consists of three individuals with severe mental illness. The focus of the study was the subjects’ description of the social network, excluding clinicians and other professionals. This study is inspired and conducted in a Grounded Theory manner. A secondaryFindings: may it be with specific individuals or groups. They describe the importance of surrounding themselves with people who do not judge them and it is through them they get validated. Places have been emphasised as having special meaning for the social interaction and overall wellbeing for the subjects. There is active actions for social interactions/relationships taken by the subjects,Conclusion: their social network. The stigmatization which comes with severe mental illness diagnoses effect their social network constellation. It is therefore of importance for clinicians and other professionals, to recognize patients efforts and active attempts for social interaction. The subjects in the study are aware of the demands and expectations that exist in

In this explorative study internet dating is studied as shared commitment to a common collective activity. Focus is on social formative emotions and internet dating in the rhythm of everyday life. The study is based on an interactionist theory/method package related to grounded theory and situational analysis. Sixty-eight participants of a Swedish internet dating site have been interviewed by e-mail. Fifteen of these interviews were followed up by a second one. Internet dating mainly occurs during evenings at home. It is kept separate from other commitments in daily life, such as work, as collisions of activities might lead to emotional and tension-ridden situations. The essential social process involved in internet dating is searching for a future someone/something. This process is given strength by the future- and action-oriented emotion of hope of happiness. The future is represented in imagination by talk about sought for emotions. The internet daters want to end their commitment to internet dating, while the internet dating company, for economic reasons, wants them to continue with the activity. The internet daters learn to manage their spontaneous emotions; they learn not to show "too much" future-oriented emotions. Instead a "relaxed" attitude, based on the present, is encouraged among participants. The act of imagining and searching for a future someone/something is formalized and organized by means of internet dating sites. Emotions are thus being commercialized in the interest of the internet dating company.