<p>Precis som människor påverkas av sin omgivning, påverkas även organisationer av sin omvärld. Vår tids globalisering och den hårda konkurrens som den tillför ställer allt högre krav på organisationerna att förändras i takt med sin omvärld för att överhuvudtaget kunna överleva. Men de krav som kan leda till både organisationsstrukturella och ekonomiska problem behöver inte enbart komma genom press utifrån, utan kan även uppkomma inifrån organisationen.</p><p>Uppsatsen har som syfte att försöka ta reda på hur en organisation hanterar den psykosociala arbetsmiljön som uppstår i samband med en omorganisation. Författarna har velat se om det går att urskilja tendenser till hur man bäst hanterar alla de känslor som uppkommer hos de drabbade medarbetarna i samband med en förändringsprocess. Uppsatsen ämnar även att söka svar på hur ledningen uppfattar det känslospektra som utspelar sig hos de medarbetare som utsätts för en organisationsförändring.</p><p>Undersökningen som genomförts har haft en abduktiv ansats där datainsamlingen varit kvalitativ i form av en fallstudie. Undersökningsobjektet är Region Stockholm som nyligen genomförde en omorganisering för att bättre kunna harmonisera med ny huvudkund. Författarna har kommit fram till att de ansvariga för Region Stockholms omorganisation har haft en väl förankrad uppfattning av hur de drabbade medarbetarna känt sig under förändringsprocessen. De känslor som de ansvarig beskrivit och i vilket följd de infunnit sig stämmer väl överens med den syntes som skapades som grund för undersökningen.</p>

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka hur ledningen och personalen på två olika HVB (hem för vård och boende) för ensamkommande ungdomar i en mellanstor kommun i Mellansverige, uppfattar samt hanterar den målsättning som kommunen har bestämt att verksamheten ska bedrivas i enlighet med.  Studien har den ontologiska ståndpunkten konstruktionism och ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt med stöd av fenomenologi och symbolisk interaktionism. Sammanlagt genomfördes nio intervjuer med informanter som arbetar på två olika HVB. Resultatet visar att personalen och ledningen har olika uppfattningar angående målsättningen. Ledningen uppfattar målsättningen som det dokument som kommer från kommunen. Personalen har en diffus uppfattning av målsättningen. De uppfattar den som arbetsbeskrivningar, arbetsrutiner, regler, genomförande- och vårdplan. Målsättningen hanteras genom att ledningen implementerar målsättningens innehåll genom arbetsbeskrivningar, arbetsrutiner, regler, genomförande- och vårdplan. Personal hanterar målsättningen genom att de gör vad de blivit tillsagda av ledningen.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur olika socialarbetare, verksamma inom det sociala arbetets fält, upplever sig påverkas emotionellt av och i sitt arbete med klient, till följd av mötet med klienten. Vidare hur de hanterar eventuell påverkan och upprätthåller en sund balans mellan arbete och privatliv utifrån krav, återhämtning, och professionalism. Vår metod är kvalitativ och nio socialarbetare har blivit intervjuade. De teorier som har använts för analys är copingteori, interaktionism, KASAM och begreppet stress. Studiens resultat har visat att i interaktionen med klient tenderar socialarbetare i större utsträckning bli negativt påverkade. Däremot finns också en tydlig positiv påverkan som härstammar ur klienters visade uppskattning och tacksamhet vid lyckat stöd. Den negativa påverkan kan visa sig genom olika stressymptom som leder till att informanter har svårt att släppa arbetet. Gällande hantering av mötet med klient har resultaten visat att erfarenheter av olika slag utgör en viktig faktor i hur socialarbetare hanterar mötet. Andra faktorer är socialt stöd från chef, kollegor och handledare, samt stöd i privatlivet. Meningsfull fritid har också varit en viktig faktor. Den kanske viktigaste faktorn som resultatet har visat på är vikten av en ständig självreflektion för att öka medvetenheten om egna behov, problem och förmågor. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how different social workers working in the field of social work feel emotionally affected by and in their work with clients as a result of the meeting with the clients. Furthermore how they handle possible impact and maintain a healthy balance between work and privacy based on demands, recovery, and professionalism. The method has been qualitative where nine social workers have been interviewed. The theories used for the analysis of the material were copingtheory, interactionism, KASAM and the concept of stress. The results of the study have shown that in the interaction with the client, social workers tend to be more negatively affected. On the other hand, there is also a clear positive impact that comes from clients' appreciation and gratitude for successful support. Negative impact can be manifested by different stress-symptoms, which causes the participants difficulty in focusing, away from their work. When it comes to the managing of the meetings with clients, our study has shown that experience of different kinds is an important factor in how social workers handle the meeting. Other factors are social support from the boss, colleagues and supervisors, as well as support from friends and family. Meaningful time off work has also been an important factor. The perhaps most important factor that the outcome has shown is the importance of constant self-reflection to raise awareness about individual needs, problems and abilities.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur mellanchefer kan hantera motstånd inom offentliga organisationer i samband med organisationsförändringar. Studien ämnar vidare undersöka vilka förutsättningar som mellanchefer behöver från ledningen för att hantera medarbetarnas förändringsmotstånd. Frågeställningar: • Hur använder mellanchefer i offentliga organisationer sitt ledarskap för att hantera förändringsmotstånd? • På vilket sätt påverkas mellanchefer i samband med organisationsförändringar i offentliga organisationer? Metod: I studien har en kvalitativ forskningsdesign använts. Sex stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts på två olika statliga myndigheter. Genom teoretiskt tematisk analys har empiri analyserats. Empirin har kodats utefter relevanta begrepp och teorier. Slutsats: Studien har påvisat att kommunikation är viktigt genom hela förändringsprocessen, både gällande att informera om förändringen och dess betydelse, men också för att möjliggöra att en dialog kan föras med medarbetare kring deras upplevelse av förändringen. Studien har även funnit att medarbetarinvolvering och delaktighet är viktigt men att detta behöver motiveras och mellanchefer behöver även informera om vad delaktighet innebär för att medarbetare ska ha rätt förväntningar. Delaktighet, kommunikation och hanteringsverktyg är delar som myndigheter behöver arbeta med på olika nivåer. Detta för att mellanchefer ska kunna ha rätt förutsättningar för att kunna hantera motstånd i förändring. / Purpose: The purpose is to examine how middle managers can manage resistance in state agencies. The purpose is also to examine the conditions middle mangers need to manage employees’ resistance to change. Research questions: • How does middle mangers use their leadership in managing resistance to change in state agencies? • How does organizational change in state agencies affect middle managers? Method: The authors conducted a qualitative method for this study. The authors preformed six semi-structured interviews with middle managers working in two different state agencies. Empirical evidence has been analyzed through theoretical thematic analysis. The empirical data was coded along relevant concepts and theories. Conclusion: The need of communication is very important through the whole change process. Communication in this case includes both giving information about the change but also to give employees the opportunity to express their feelings about the change. It is also important for middle managers to involve employees in the change. The involvement needs to be motivated and middle managers also need to communicate what employees can expect from their involvement. Involvement, communication and strategies for dealing with resistance to change are vital parts that needs to be handled on all levels in the organization.This is important because it will enable the right conditions for middle managers to handle resistance to change.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the experience with threats and violence towards nurses working in an emergency department, the respondents coping strategies and if the potential vulnerability to threat and violence, changed the behavior of the nurses. The study was conducted at an emergency department in a hospital in the middle of Sweden. By a strategic selection, 8 nurses, was picked out for the study between the ages of 25–55 years and with the experience of working in an emergency department at least for one year. The study was conducted with semi structured interviews, with audio recording that was transcribed verbatim and was analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis. From the analysis, a different set of themes was identified: “Vulnerability”, “Coping strategies” and “Changed behavior”. To the different themes there was subthemes. The result showed that the respondents experienced threats and violence on a daily basis. Clear routines and education about threats and violence were experienced as an important foundation in terms of preventing threats and violence. The social support from colleagues were significant in terms of coping after an incident.KEYWORDS: Threats,

This study aimed to gain an understanding of how social workers emotionally dealt with cases where there were suspicion or knowledge of sexual abuse of children occurring. This study was based on six qualitative interviews with social workers within child and youth units at social services in Stockholm County. The theoretical framework was Hochschild’s theory of emotional work. In accordance with previous research, our results showed that emotions in social work are extremely important and that children who have been exposed to sexual abuse cause a more emotional working environment. The social workers wanted to protect the children who had been abused. The results also showed that some form of specialist education should be compulsory required to work with children and to investigate their families and environment.

<p>This essay analyses the existence of a literary tendency in Sweden the last decade, which shares many similarities with magical realism. The study includes the work of three writers: Majgull Axelsson with Aprilhäxan; John Ajvide Lindquist with Hanteringen av odöda and Låt den rätte komma in; and finally a short story of Alejandro Leiva Wegner, “Elixir”.</p><p>Focus for this work is to expose how these writers use supernatural events/people as a strategy to create a new identity and to effect social criticism, strategies that are common to magical realism.</p><p>The aim of this work is therefore to clarify generalities about magical realism as a genre and give it a place in Swedish literature and in a changing Swedish society. Furthermore this essay defines a unique term for the genre as adapted to the Swedish reader and with some characteristics of its own: “övernaturlig realism” (supernatural realism).</p>

<p>Today every organization is committed to some kind of environmental scanning in order to get necessary knowledge of the world around them. The acquisition, organization and storage of information in combination with a strategic use, is today an important factor for a successful organisation in any sector of our society.In this Master thesis I have studied how an organisation such as The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt Näringsliv) handles its information resources. I have also looked at the flow of information within the organization. The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise is Sweden’s largest business federation representing 50 member organizations and 55 000 member companies. The core business is to create better business conditions for companies as well as opinionbuilding, research and developing positions on expert issues.As a theoretical framework I have used Chun Choos theories and his model on The Information Management Cycle. In this casestudy I have conducted (four of seven steps of) an Information Audit and interviewed employees of The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, both experts and personnel in charge of the information resources. My results show that there is multitude of information resources within the organization. The users make individual choices concerning which resources to use and how to use them. This reflects the environment in which the organization exists and operates in. In my study I also find that The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise has a strategic approach to information and the process of communication, which constitutes a favourable position for the organisation to work towards its goals.</p>

This essay analyses the existence of a literary tendency in Sweden the last decade, which shares many similarities with magical realism. The study includes the work of three writers: Majgull Axelsson with Aprilhäxan; John Ajvide Lindquist with Hanteringen av odöda and Låt den rätte komma in; and finally a short story of Alejandro Leiva Wegner, “Elixir”. Focus for this work is to expose how these writers use supernatural events/people as a strategy to create a new identity and to effect social criticism, strategies that are common to magical realism. The aim of this work is therefore to clarify generalities about magical realism as a genre and give it a place in Swedish literature and in a changing Swedish society. Furthermore this essay defines a unique term for the genre as adapted to the Swedish reader and with some characteristics of its own: “övernaturlig realism” (supernatural realism).

Today every organization is committed to some kind of environmental scanning in order to get necessary knowledge of the world around them. The acquisition, organization and storage of information in combination with a strategic use, is today an important factor for a successful organisation in any sector of our society.In this Master thesis I have studied how an organisation such as The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt Näringsliv) handles its information resources. I have also looked at the flow of information within the organization. The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise is Sweden’s largest business federation representing 50 member organizations and 55 000 member companies. The core business is to create better business conditions for companies as well as opinionbuilding, research and developing positions on expert issues.As a theoretical framework I have used Chun Choos theories and his model on The Information Management Cycle. In this casestudy I have conducted (four of seven steps of) an Information Audit and interviewed employees of The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, both experts and personnel in charge of the information resources. My results show that there is multitude of information resources within the organization. The users make individual choices concerning which resources to use and how to use them. This reflects the environment in which the organization exists and operates in. In my study I also find that The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise has a strategic approach to information and the process of communication, which constitutes a favourable position for the organisation to work towards its goals.