Syftet med studien var att undersöka om en ökad upplevelse av trakasserier i arbetslivet ger en ökad självskattad (o) hälsa. Vidare undersöker studien eventuella skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Studien genomfördes genom en internetbaserad enkät som skickades ut till 420 stycken medarbetare på en större organisation. Enkäten baserades på mätinstrumenten Harassment Scale (Savicki, Cooley och Gjesvolds, 2003) och The Karolinska Exhaustion Scale (KES) (Saboonchi, Perski & Grossi, 2012). Studiens huvudresultat visade att trakasserier påverkar den självskattade (o) hälsan inom samtliga delområden(kognitiv utmattning, störd sömn, överdriven trötthet, fysiska symptom, lättretlighet och negativa känslor) av (o)hälsan. Studien visade även att männens självskattade (o) hälsa påverkades starkare av trakasserier än vad kvinnorna påverkades inom alla förutom ett delområde. / The purpose of the study was to investigate if high experienced harassment can explain high self-rated (un) health.  This was done by asking 420 employees to answer an internet questionnaire consisting based on the measuring intstruments Harassment Scale (Savicki, Cooley och Gjesvolds, 2003) and The Karolinska Exhaustion Scale (KES) (Saboonchi, Perski & Grossi, 2012).  The main result of the study showed that harassment in workplace has an impact on the self- rated health in all of the different areas of health (cognitive exhaustion, disturbed sleep, fatigue, somatic symptoms, irritability, negative affect) the results also showed that there is a difference between men and women consider harassments effects on the self-rated health. The results showed that men´s self-rated health was affected more than women in all of the areas except one.

Background: Depression is considered the worldwide leading cause of illness and disability in young people and an urgent public health issue. Within the field of public health it is of interest to deepen the understanding of determinants of depressive symptoms (DS) that are possible to address on a political or an organizational level. Also, it is of great importance to find methods to prevent depression in adolescents. To address these issues, the present thesis had two Aims: I) To study determinants of DS in adolescents, and II) to, by means of a non-randomized pragmatic trial evaluation, investigate the effectiveness a cognitive-behavioral intervention (DISA) in a real-world setting in relation to determinants of DS in adolescent girls. This was addressed by asking a) Which determinants on individual, psychosocial and structural levels are associated with DS in adolescents? (Paper I); b) What are the directional pathways between sexual harassment (SH) and DS? (Paper II); c) Which features characterize students who were assigned to a cognitive-behavioral intervention regarding levels of DS, psychosocial aspects and socioeconomic status of the respondents as well as of schools? (Paper III); d) Does DISA have an effect on DS in girls aged 14-16? (Paper IV); and e) Are there differences between the DISA participants and non-participants in the effects of psychosocial and structural determinants on DS? (Paper IV). Method: Data was collected in January 2010, 2011, and 2012, by means of a self-administered, electronic questionnaire in school. Students aged 14-16 in all nine public and one independent high school in a municipality in northern Sweden participated in the study (~1,000-1,200 students depending on the wave). All studies had DS as the single outcome variable. Individual level determinants were self-esteem and self-efficacy. Psychosocial determinants were parental/peer/teacher support; school demands; sexual harassment; and bullying. Structural determinants were family material affluence; parental foreign background, parental employment status; disrupted family, and personal relative affluence. Logistic regression was employed for research question a) (Paper I). Structural equation (SEM) cross-lag models were modeled for research question b) (Paper II). The Mann-Whitney U statistic was employed for research question c) (Paper III). SEM was used for research questions d-e) (Paper IV). Results: Determinants on individual, psychosocial and structural levels were independently associated with depressive symptoms in both genders. Self-efficacy, low teacher support, bullying victimization, and low personal relative affluence was associated with elevated levels of DS in both genders (Paper I). In girls, low parental support, high school demands, and sexual harassment victimization (SH) were also associated with elevated levels of DS. Among boys, parental migrant background was also associated with DS. Among girls, both the targeting of girls with elevated DS, and the consequence of SH explained the relationship between DS and SH victimization over time. In boys, only the predating of DS explained the association between DS and SH (Paper II). Only girls were assigned to DISA during 2011 and DISA participants reported higher levels of DS and lower levels of self-esteem than the non-participants at pre-intervention, which indicates that DISA was used as a targeted intervention for girls with elevated symptoms. Also, DISA participants reported higher levels of SH victimization, less peer support, and lower personal relative affluence (Paper III). In contrast to the non-participants, DISA participants did not increase their mean scoring on DS at an eight months follow-up. However, SEM analyses showed that the effect of DISA participation on DS at follow-up was negligible (Paper IV). Conclusions: This study showed that SH victimization was an important determinant for DS in girls followed by personal relative affluence. Among boys, personal relative affluence and parental migrant background were the most important factors. SH victimization had mental health consequences in girls only. DISA was implemented as a targeted intervention rather than as selective or universal one, and did not have an effect on DS in this group of girls. Implications for further research and health promotion practice in the school setting are discussed. / Bakgrund: Depression anses vara den världsledande orsaken till sjukdom och funktionsnedsättning hos unga människor och en av de viktigaste folkhälsofrågorna gällande ungdomar. Inom folkhälsoområdet är det viktigt att fördjupa förståelsen av bestämningsfaktorer för depressiva symtom (DS) som är möjliga att ta itu med på en politisk eller organisatorisk nivå. Det är också av stort intresse att finna metoder för att förebygga depression hos ungdomar. För att adressera detta hade denna avhandling två Syften: I) Att studera bestämningsfaktorer för DS hos ungdomar 14-16 år, och II) Att genom en icke-randomiserad pragmatisk utvärderingsstudie undersöka effekten av en kognitiv beteendemodifierande intervention (DISA) så som den implementerats i praktiken i skolan i förhållande till bestämningsfaktorer för DS hos flickor. Följande frågeställningar formulerades: a) Vilka bestämningsfaktorer på individ, psykosocial och strukturell nivå är förknippade med DS hos ungdomar? (Paper I); b) I vilken riktning går sambandet mellan sexuella trakasserier (ST) och DS? (Paper II); c) Vad karaktäriserar elever som gått en kognitiv beteendemodifierande metod (DISA) avseende nivåer av DS, psykosociala aspekter och respondenternas och skolornas socioekonomiska status? (Paper III); d) Har DISA en effekt på DS hos flickor i åldern 14-16? (Paper IV); och e) Fanns det skillnader mellan DISA-deltagare och icke-deltagare avseende effekterna av psykosociala och strukturella faktorer på DS? (Paper IV). Metod: Data samlades in i januari 2010, 2011 och 2012 med hjälp av en självadministrerad, elektronisk enkät i skolan. Elever i åldrarna 14-16 i samtliga nio kommunala skolor och i en friskola i en kommun i norra Sverige deltog i studien (~1000-1200 elever beroende på datainsamlingsår). Samtliga studier hade DS som enda hälsoutfall. Individfaktorer som antogs ha samband med DS var självkänsla och upplevd förmåga att hantera problem i livet. Psykosociala faktorer var föräldra-, kamrat-, och lärarstöd; krav i skolan; sexuella trakasserier och mobbning. Strukturella faktorer var materiellt välstånd i familjen; föräldrar med utländsk bakgrund, föräldrars arbetslöshet; splittrad biologisk familj och personligt relativt välstånd. Logistisk regression användes för forskningsfråga a) (Paper I). Strukturell ekvationsmodellering (SEM) med en cross-lag design användes för forskningsfråga b) (Paper II). Mann-Whitney U test användes för forskningsfråga c) (Paper III). SEM användes för forskningsfrågorna d-e) (Paper IV). Resultat: Bestämningsfaktorer på individ-, psykosocial och strukturell nivå var associerade med DS hos båda könen. Upplevd förmåga att hantera problem i livet, lågt lärarstöd, utsatthet för mobbning, och lågt personligt relativt välstånd var associerat med förhöjda nivåer av DS för både pojkar och flickor (Paper I). Bland flickor var dessutom lågt föräldrastöd, höga krav i skolan, och utsatthet för sexuella trakasserier (ST) också associerade med förhöjda nivåer av DS och hos pojkar var även föräldrars invandrarbakgrund associerat med DS. Bland flickor förklarades sambandet mellan DS och ST både av att flickor med förhöjda DS blev utsatta för ST, och av att ST ledde till senare DS. Hos pojkar var det endast att pojkar med DS blev utsatta för ST som förklarade sambandet (Paper II). Endast flickor deltog i DISA och de rapporterade högre nivåer av DS och lägre självkänsla än de som inte deltog, vilket tyder på att DISA användes som en riktad intervention för flickor med förhöjda symtom. DISA-deltagare rapporterade även högre nivåer av utsatthet för ST, lägre kamratstöd och lägre personligt relativt välstånd (Paper III). DISA-deltagarnas genomsnittliga nivå av DS hade inte försämrats vid åttamånadersuppföljningen vilket icke-deltagarnas nivåer hade. SEM-analysen visade dock att effekten av DISA-deltagande på DS vid uppföljning var försumbar (Paper IV). Slutsatser: Denna studie visade att utsatthet för SH var en viktig faktor för DS hos flickor, följt av lågt personligt relativt välstånd. Hos pojkar var lågt personligt relativt välstånd den viktigaste bestämningsfaktorn följt av föräldrarnas invandrarbakgrund. Utsatthet för ST hade konsekvenser för psykisk ohälsa för flickor men inte för pojkar. DISA genomfördes som en riktad intervention snarare än som en selektiv eller universell intervention och hade inte en effekt på DS i denna grupp av flickor. Implikationer för fortsatt forskning samt för hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan diskuteras. / <p>Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 4 manuskript.</p><p>At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 4 manuscript.</p>

The diploma thesis called " Cyber - bullying in Society" deals with this phenomenon and there Ialso mentioned its related problems such as cyberstallking, luring, video clips, where agressors torture thein victims. My aim is to inform the public with this topical phenomenon.I focus on its types, who the attacker is in these forms of bullying nad who becomes a victim. Additionally, I describe the divisor of cyber-aggresors, the effects on cyber.bullying victims and how the victims can be helped. In the practical part I analyse a case study of a girl, who I met and who became a cyber-bullying victim. I also describe the offender of this crime, I try to define with the help of a professional the investigatoin and subsequent capture of the cyber-aggresor by Czech police. Furthemore I džine the specific development of cyber-bullying in a sekond case and steps taken by the girl's school in order to capture cyber-aggresors and subsequently punisch them. From the analysis case studies I learned that she was tiny and at last kyberšikanována girl Hana (14 ), pupil one Prague ZŠ. The girl was in school the new, because she's out of the original school, to which she didn't like and she was in her bad favor. The girl came from adverse family environment, in which she lived with her mother, stepfather and...

Mammal species often live in social groups, but the factors that promote group cohesion can be difficult to analyze due to the prevalence of strong group affiliations. Feral horses maintain stable harems of one or two males and several females, and harem stability is strongly related to individual fitness. Anecdotal evidence and an early study in the non-breeding season suggest that management of the Shackleford Banks island horses with immunocontraception reduces harem stability in the population, providing an opportunity to study the factors that influence harem stability. I investigated the effects of the immunocontraceptive PZP on harem stability during the breeding season and examined mare activity budgets and harassment rates to determine if these factors influence harem stability. I hypothesized that 1) immunocontraception would increase the rates at which mares changed harems during the breeding season 2) activity budgets of contracepted individuals would differ significantly from those of uncontracepted individuals, and 3) contracepted mares would experience greater levels of harassment associated with changing harems than uncontracepted mares. I found that the immunocontraceptive does increase harem changes during the breeding season. I also found that contracepted mares have different activity budgets than uncontracepted mares; as predicted, contracepted mares grazed less and moved more than uncontracepted controls. The factors that influence mare activity budgets included immunocontraception, harem stallion, number of individuals in the harem, number of mares in the harem and body condition of the mare, as well as some interactions between factors. I found that high harassment rates by both harem stallions and other mares in the harem are correlated with higher harem change rates and that contracepted mares are harassed more than uncontracepted mares. These results indicate that the immunocontraceptive does influence harem stability in this feral horse population, potentially through alterations in activity budgets and harassment rates.

Cease Fire is a war story told from one woman’s perspective. It’s about a farm girl and her battles fought as young soldier serving on a remote nuke site during the Cold War. It’s the interpretations of lived experiences, highs and lows of a military career fused with family life, and spanning over three decades. Like true war stories, Cease Fire has little to do with actual war. It is a sometimes humorous, but often tragic attempt to make peace and to make sense of the places, comrades and enemies that graced and plagued a career. First names and nicknames were used to protect the privacy of a few and render respect for the surviving children of a fallen two.

L’objectif principal de ce travail doctoral est de clarifier les relations existantes entre les facteurs organisationnels et le harcèlement moral dans le secteur public ukrainien afin de formuler des mesures de prévention de harcèlement psychologique en milieu organisationnel.A notre humble connaissance, c’est la première étude qui met la lumière sur l’état de harcèlement moral ainsi que sur ses déterminants en Ukraine, où la législation en matière de harcèlement est absente. Cette thèse a également pour ambition de tester l’impact des caractéristiques individuelles de la victime sur le harcèlement moral.Pour ce faire, nous avons mené notre étude en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une analyse de 450 articles sur le sujet. L’objectif de cette étape était de cerner les principaux facteurs organisationnels influençant le harcèlement moral dans le milieu de l’entreprise à partir d’une définition précise : une durée minimale du harcèlement d’au moins 6 mois et une notion de répétitivité de l’acte d’une façon hebdomadaire ou mensuelle. Il s’est avéré que cinq types de facteurs contribuent à l’explication du harcèlement moral, à savoir : l’organisation du travail, le leadership, la culture organisationnelle et le climat social, le système de récompenses et les changements organisationnels.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une étude exploratoire qualitative visant à affiner les résultats d’analyse de la littérature par des éléments propres au terrain ukrainien. 12 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés avec des spécialistes médicaux travaillant dans l’ hôpital obstétrique de Kharkiv (Ukraine). La finalité de cette étape s’est concrétisée par la construction du modèle de recherche.Enfin, dans un troisième temps, une étude confirmatoire quantitative nous a permis de tester statistiquement des liens entre quatorze facteurs organisationnels et trois dimensions du harcèlement moral.Le harcèlement moral a été mesuré à travers une méthode béhavioriste (NAQ, Einarsen et al., 1994). Pour mesurer les variables organisationnelles, nous avons constitué notre propre questionnaire en nous inspirant de plusieurs échelles de mesures testées et validées dans des recherches antérieures. Les démarches de validation transculturelle d’un questionnaire de Vallerand (1989) ont été ensuite appliquées.Au cours de cette étude quantitative, 243 personnes ont été questionnées. 35% sont victimes du harcèlement régulier durant les 6 mois précédant la recherche. Il ressort de notre analyse que le fait d’être un homme augmente la probabilité d’être harcelé. Quant aux facteurs organisationnels, il s’avère que le conflit de rôle, le conflit au travail, le soutien social et l’autorité décisionnelle sont les déterminants majeurs du harcèlement moral dans le contexte ukrainien. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to clarify the existing relations between organisational factors and mobbing in the Ukrainian public sector so to formulate the prevention measures of psychological harassment in the organisational area. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first research that shed light into the psychological harassment as well as on its factors in Ukraine, where the legislation to that matter is inexistent. This thesis has also the ambition to test the impact of individual characteristics of the victim with psychological harassment. To that end, we conducted a research in three steps. Firstly, an analysis of 450 articles has been realised. The aim of that step was to grasp the main organisation factors that influence psychological harassment in a company environment using a precise definition: a minimal harassment length of at least 6 months and a notion of repeatability of the act weekly or monthly. It appeared that five types of factors contribute to the explanation of psychological harassment, namely: work organisation, leadership, the organisational culture and social climate, the compensation and benefit system and organisation changes. Secondly, we led a qualitative exploratory research aiming to refine the results of the literature review with elements that are specific to the Ukrainian area. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been conducted with medical specialists working in obstetrics hospitals located in Kharkiv (Ukraine). The goal of this step resulted in the construction of the research model. Finally, a confirmatory quantitative study helped us to test statistically correlations between fourteen organisational factors and three dimensions of mobbing. Mobbing has been measured through a behavioural method (NAQ, Einarsen et al., 1994). In order to measure the organisation variables, we structured our own survey by inspiring us from several measuring scales tested and validated in previous studies. The transcultural validation steps of one survey of Vallerand (1989) have been applied. Through this quantitative research, 243 participants have been surveyed. Among those, 35% are regular harassment victims during 6 months preceding the research. The analysis brings out that the fact of being a man increases the likelihood of being harassed. When it comes to organisational factors, it turns out that role conflict, work conflict, social support and decision authority are all major determinants in moral harassment in the Ukrainian context.

Metoo-rörelsen startade 2017 när kvinnor inom flera olika branscher offentligt berättat att de utsatts för sexuella övergrepp (SÖ) och sexuella trakasserier (ST). Metoo möttes med både hyllningar och kritik, och vi önskar därför undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar allmänhetens inställning till metoo. Vi har undersökt detta via en explorativ enkätstudie med ett bekvämlighetsurval med 288 kvinnor och 119 män, där medelåldern är 25 år. Vi har fyra hypoteser; kvinnor kommer vara mer positiva till metoo än män, de som i hög grad tror på könsmaktsordningen kommer vara mer positiva till metoo, de som tycker att SÖ är mycket allvarligt kommer vara mer positiva till metoo, samt att de som har egna erfarenheter av SÖ kommer vara mer positiva till metoo.  En stegvis regressionsanalys, med stöd till metoo som beroendevariabel, visade att samtliga variabler har ett signifikant förklaringsvärde, där tro på könsmaktsordningen är viktigast. Detta innebär bland annat att ideologi är en starkare prediktor än kön. Det betyder att män som tror mer på könsmaktsordningen är mer positiva till metoo än kvinnor som tror mindre på könsmaktsordningen, trots att metoo främst är en rörelse för kvinnor. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kvinnor och män gällande hur allvarligt de tycker att SÖ är. Sammanfattningsvis ser vi att inställning till metoo har starka samband med ställningstaganden relaterade till ideologi och feminism, och resultaten kan användas för att bättre förstå människors reaktioner i dessa sammanhang. / The metoo movement started in 2017 when women in different fields of work spoke out about being victims of sexual assault and sexual harassment. Metoo was received with both tributes and criticism, and therefore we wish to examine which factors affect the public's attitudes to metoo. We investigated this through an explorative survey study with a convenience sample of 288 women and 199 men, with an average age of 25 years. We have four hypotheses; women will be more positive to metoo compared to men, those who strongly believe it exists a gender order will be more positive to metoo, those who think sexual assault is very severe will be more positive to metoo and those who have experienced sexual assault will be more positive to metoo. A stepwise regression analysis, with support to the metoo movement as the dependent variable, showed that all variables had a significant impact, where belief in the gender order was most important. Ideology is thus a stronger predictor than sex. That means that men who believe in the gender system are more positive to metoo than are women that do so to a lesser extent, in spite the fact that metoo is mainly a movement for women. There was no significant difference between women and men regarding how severely they viewed sexual assaults. In summary, we found that attitudes to metoo are strongly connected with standpoints related to ideology and feminism, and the results can be used to better understand people's reactions in these contexts.

Introdução: O assédio moral é um problema mundial, que afeta a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores, alterando a saúde, e atingindo o ambiente no âmbito laboral e social, deteriorando o processo de trabalho e a produtividade. Objetivos: Identificar as características das denúncias sobre assédio moral encaminhadas ao Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo, o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos, e os encaminhamentos das denúncias no período de 2011 a 2016. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, retrospectiva, exploratória e descritiva, a partir da análise documental nas denúncias sobre assédio moral. Os dados foram analisados, organizados e apresentados através de estatística descritiva, e na análise de variáveis foram observados os valores mínimos e máximos, o cálculo de desvio padrão, médias e medianas, e nas variáveis qualitativas foi calculada a frequência relativa e absoluta. Resultados: A idade média, sexo, e tempo de registro profissional dos denunciantes e denunciados foi de 42,34±10,69(42) e 42,08 ± 9,63 (43.50), 68,35%(feminino) e 75,27%(feminino), 13,5 ± 8,0 [13,5] e 18 ± 15,7 [18,5] respectivamente. As categorias profissionais predominantes nos denunciantes e denunciados foram Auxiliares de Enfermagem 46,83% e Enfermeiros 94,64% respectivamente. Dos Enfermeiros denunciados, 44,08% possuem ou possuíram inscrição como Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem. Dos profissionais de enfermagem denunciantes, 10,25% alegaram problemas de saúde, decorrentes do assédio moral. Em relação a qualidade das denúncias, 55% foram manuscritas e 48,72% vieram desprovidas de qualquer documento de comprovação. Conclusão: O estudo identificou características sócio demográficas de denunciantes e denunciados, e das denúncias por assédio moral, e seus encaminhamentos na Autarquia, tendo relevância nos âmbitos laboral, social e político da enfermagem, visando a proteção dos profissionais, e a diminuição da ocorrência do assédio moral. / Introduction: Bullying is a worldwide problem, which affects the quality of life of workers, changing health, and reaching the workplace and social environment, deteriorating the work process and productivity. Objective: Identify the characteristics of the reports about workplace harassment sent to Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo, the profile of the nursing professionals involved, and the referrals of the denunciations in the Autarchy, from 2011 to 2016. Method: Quantitative, retrospective, exploratory and descriptive research, based on the documentary analysis of the allegations of workplace harassment. Data were analyzed, organized and presented through descriptive statistics, and in the analysis of variables the minimum and maximum values, the calculation of standard deviation, averages and medians, and the qualitative variables were calculated the relative and absolute frequency. Results: The mean age, sex, and professional registration time of whistleblowers and complainants was 42.34 ± 10.69 (42) and 42.08 ± 9.63 (43.50), 68.35% (female) and 75.27 % (female), 13.5 ± 8.0 [13.5] and 18 ± 15.7 [18.5] respectively. The predominant professional categories in the complainants and denounced were Nursing Assistants 46.83% and Nurses 94.64%, respectively. Of the denounced Nurses, 44.08% have or have registered as Technicians and Nursing Assistants. Of the denouncing nursing professionals, 10.25% claimed health problems due to bullying. Regarding the quality of the complaints, 55% were handwritten and 48.72% were deprived of any document of proof. Final Considerations: The study identified socio-demographic characteristics of whistleblowers and denounces, and denunciations of workplace harassment, and its referrals in the Autarchy, having relevance in the labor, social and political fields of nursing, aiming at the protection of professionals, and reducing the occurrence of bullying.

[pt] Ao longo das últimas décadas, a possibilidade de se assegurar a emancipação da mulher pelo Direito foi empenhada em diversas frentes: consideração de direitos civis e políticos, lutas por direitos reprodutivos e, significativamente, pela tipificação e erradicação de diversos tipos de violências. A partir de uma perspectiva que toma o gênero como fator relevante para a definição do lugar que o sujeito ocupa na vida social, os movimentos feministas têm procurado problematizar o quanto homens e mulheres são impactados de formas diferentes pelo império do Direito. Tendo como principal eixo teórico a obra de Axel Honneth, cuja teoria do reconhecimento permite a compreensão dos conflitos sociais sob a ótica das relações intersubjetivas, a negação do reconhecimento jurídico feminino pode ser visualizada como uma forma de manutenção de uma esfera pública predominantemente masculina. Diante deste panorama, a primeira parte desta dissertação procura examinar o quanto a releitura do Direito por uma ótica feminista foi significativa para a reversão gradual desse quadro. Para cumprir esse objetivo, a pesquisa examina o desenvolvimento das teorias feministas do Direito, sistematizado por Martha Chamallas, e a importância da litigância feminista neste campo para politizar temas anteriormente restritos à esfera privada, tendo como principal objeto a categorização do assédio sexual em suas diversas manifestações. Após apresentar a utilização estratégica do Direito pelas litigantes feminitstas, em um segundo momento, a dissertação procura explorar as recentes atuações pela consideração legal do assédio nas ruas. Por fim, são apresentadas narrativas de mulheres apontando esta interação como responsável pela restrição de liberdades basilares da vida pública democrática.Ao longo das últimas décadas, a possibilidade de se assegurar a emancipação da mulher pelo Direito foi empenhada em diversas frentes: consideração de direitos civis e políticos, lutas por direitos reprodutivos e, significativamente, pela tipificação e erradicação de diversos tipos de violências. A partir de uma perspectiva que toma o gênero como fator relevante para a definição do lugar que o sujeito ocupa na vida social, os movimentos feministas têm procurado problematizar o quanto homens e mulheres são impactados de formas diferentes pelo império do Direito. Tendo como principal eixo teórico a obra de Axel Honneth, cuja teoria do reconhecimento permite a compreensão dos conflitos sociais sob a ótica das relações intersubjetivas, a negação do reconhecimento jurídico feminino pode ser visualizada como uma forma de manutenção de uma esfera pública predominantemente masculina. Diante deste panorama, a primeira parte desta dissertação procura examinar o quanto a releitura do Direito por uma ótica feminista foi significativa para a reversão gradual desse quadro. Para cumprir esse objetivo, a pesquisa examina o desenvolvimento das teorias feministas do Direito, sistematizado por Martha Chamallas, e a importância da litigância feminista neste campo para politizar temas anteriormente restritos à esfera privada, tendo como principal objeto a categorização do assédio sexual em suas diversas manifestações. Após apresentar a utilização estratégica do Direito pelas litigantes feminitstas, em um segundo momento, a dissertação procura explorar as recentes atuações pela consideração legal do assédio nas ruas. Por fim, são apresentadas narrativas de mulheres apontando esta interação como responsável pela restrição de liberdades basilares da vida pública democrática. / [en] Throughout the last decades, the possibility of ensuring the emancipation of women through the Law has been committed on several fronts: consideration of civil and political rights, struggles for reproductive rights and, significantly, the typification and eradication of various types of violence. From a perspective that takes gender as a relevant factor for the definition of the place that the subject occupies in social life, the feminist movements have tried to problematize how much men and women are impacted in different ways by the rule of Law. Having as main theoretical axis Axel Honneth s work, whose theory of recognition allows the understanding of social conflicts from the point of view of intersubjective relations, the denial of female legal recognition can be viewed as a way of maintaining a predominantly male public sphere. Given this panorama, the first part of this dissertation tries to examine how the rereading of the Law in a feminist perspective was significant for the gradual reversion of this picture. In order to fulfill this objective, the research examines the development of feminist legal theories, systematized by Martha Chamallas, and the importance of feminist litigation in this field to politicize subjects previously restricted to the private sphere, having as main object the categorization of sexual harassment in its various manifestations. After presenting the strategic use of Law by feminist litigants, the dissertation seeks to explore recent actions for the legal consideration of street harassment. Finally, narratives of women are presented, understanding this interaction as responsible for the restriction of basic freedoms of democratic public life.

Den här studien analyserar hur maktstrukturer framträder i den amerikanska dagspressens bevakning av sexuella trakasserier. Studien analyserar 18 artiklar som har bevakat två snarlika fall där två män som varit nominerade till en position i Högsta domstolen i USA blivit anklagade för sexuella trakasserier. Det första fallet från 1991 är mellan Clarence Thomas och Anita Hill och det senare fallet är från 2018 mellan Brett Kavanaugh och Christine Blasey Ford. Artiklar från Wall Street Journal, New York Times och Chicago Tribune, som är de tre ledande dagstidningarna i USA har studerats med syfte att avslöja om det finns några underliggande ideologier och maktintressen i texten. För att avslöja dessa konstruktioner utgår studien från en kritisk diskursanalys som metod med målet att kunna se hur de språkliga resurserna uttrycker ideologier och maktintressen. Studiens teoretiska ramverk har främst utgått från genusteori, och därefter utifrån hegemoni, rape culture, nyhetsjournalistik och tabloidisering. Med hjälp av olika analysverktyg har sammanlagt 18 artiklar analyserats där materialet har delats in i fyra teman, och utifrån dem har texterna analyserats mer utförligt. Resultatet visar att patriarkala maktstrukturer uttrycker sig i olika grad i artiklarna och att det har skett en förändring i den journalistiska diskursen över tid. / This study analyzes how power structures express themselves in the daily press's coverage of sexual harassment. The study analyzes 18 articles that have covered two similar cases where two men who have been nominated for a position in the Supreme Court in the United States have been accused of sexual harassment. The first case from 1991 is between Clarence Thomas and Anita Hill and the latter case is from 2018 between Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford. Articles from the Wall Street Journal, New York Times and the Chicago Tribune, which are the three leading newspapers in the United States, have been analyzed with the aim of revealing whether there are any underlying ideologies and power interests in the text. In order to uncover these constructs, the study uses CDA as a method for being able to see how the linguistic resources express ideologies and power interests. The study’s theoretical framework has mainly been based on gender theory, and then based on hegemony, rape culture, news journalism and tabloidization. With the help of various analysis tools, a total of 18 articles have been analyzed where the material has been divided into four themes, and based on them the texts have been analyzed in more detail. The result shows that patriarchal power structures express themselves to varying degrees in the articles and that there has been a change in journalistic discourse over time.