In fact, the relationship of health and sociology, social relations, etc., has been started to be analyzed recently in Lithuania. Recently, public health research is focused on innovative fields as health quality, efficiency of health services, solidarity and integrity of activity, introduction of health policy elements in all fields of social and economic activity. Aging society, social, economic changes, penetration of market elements in the sphere of health services change the nature of interaction between public health condition and integral environment that influences it. These circumstances also alter the assumptions of health policy effectiveness. The latter must be based on information of scientific research. Unfortunately, there has been carried out small number of research of similar direction in Lithuania. Hereby, we seek to explore systematically and assess the differences of the main health and social factors, and the impact of their interactions on public health condition and the emerging social structures of health. The research analyzed the subjectively assessed health condition, morbidity, prevailing health problems and mental health conditions. These aspects were examined in different fields of influence of social factors as well as in their integral interaction. / Lietuvoje tik labai neseniai buvo pradėta analizuoti sveikatos santykis su sociologija, socialiniais santykiais ir pan. Pastaruoju metu visuomenės sveikatos tyrimai orientuojasi į tokias inovatyvias sritis kaip sveikatos kokybė, sveikatos paslaugų efektyvumas, veiklos solidarumas, integralumas, sveikatos politikos elementų diegimas visose socialinės ir ekonominės veiklos srityse. Visuomenės senėjimas, socialiniai, ekonominiai pokyčiai, rinkos elementų skverbimasis į sveikatos paslaugų sferą keičia visuomenės sveikatos būklės ir integralios aplinkos sąveikos pobūdį. Šios aplinkybės keičia ir sveikatos politikos veiksmingumo prielaidas. Jos turi remtis mokslinių tyrimų informacija. Deja, Lietuvoje nėra daug atlikta panašios krypties mokslinių tyrimų. Šiuo tyrimu mes siekiame sistematiškai ištirti ir įvertinti svarbiausių sveikatos ir socialinių veiksnių bei jų tarpusavio sąveikų poveikio visuomenės sveikatos būklei skirtumus ir tuo pagrindu besiformuojančias sveikatos socialines struktūras. Tyrimo metu analizuota subjektyviai vertinama sveikatos būklė, sergamumas, vyraujančios sveikatos problemos ir psichikos sveikatos būklės. Visa tai buvo nagrinėta skirtingose socialinių veiksnių, bei jų integralios tarpusavio sąveikos įtakos srityse.

Det finns många faktorer som påverkar folkhälsan. Människors inställning och hälsa påverkas ständigt av den omgivande miljön, samspel mellan människor men också av de faktorer som finns nära på grund av livsstil och arv. Fram till i början av 2000-talet var det vanligast att arbetsgivarna jobbade med förebyggande hälsoåtgärder där fokus låg på ohälsa och sjukdom (patogenes). Därefter har ett hälsofrämjande arbete som fokuserar på friskfaktorer (salutogenes) växt sig allt starkare runt om i världen. Forskning visar att fokus på hälsa leder till friskare personal men att det är svårt att få korrekta och mätbara resultat (Karlsson 2010; Goetzel & Ozminowski 2008). Arbetsgivaren Landstinget i Värmland har sedan 2010 utöver förebyggande systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete satsat på att främja hälsan hos sina medarbetare utifrån det salutogena perspektivet. För att få hög grad av delaktighet bland medarbetare har de implementerat begreppet hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser. Det innebär att avdelningar får ansöka för att vara med och de behöver uppfylla vissa kriterier med särskilt fokus på det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet för att bli antagna. Fokus ligger dock på att främja hälsan och inte på förebyggande åtgärder. Denna studie syftar främst till att undersöka hur medarbetare inom Landstinget i Värmland uppfattar och upplever arbetsgivarens hälsofrämjande arbete med att behålla och förbättra hälsan hos sina medarbetare. Viktiga frågeställningar är: Vad gör arbetsgivaren för hälsofrämjande arbete som syftar till att bevara och förbättra hälsan hos sina medarbetare? Vad upplever medarbetare att arbetsgivaren gör för att främja deras hälsa? Vilka svårigheter och möjligheter ser arbetsgivare och medarbetare med det hälsofrämjande arbetet? I studien används en kvalitativ metod genom att göra semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare och chefer från två olika divisioner. Analysen visar att arbetsgivaren tror sig göra mer än vad medarbetarna uppfattar att arbetsgivaren gör. Till stor del beror det på att åtgärder och aktiviteter inte i tillräcklig utsträckning har individanpassats. Majoriteten av respondenterna är nöjda med vad chefen och hälsoinspiratörerna gör på avdelningen men missnöjda med vad Landstinget i Värmland som organisation bidrar med. Majoriteten av respondenterna upplever också att det hälsofrämjande arbetet kräver bättre och tydligare information och struktur. Det är således viktigt att målet med hälsofrämjande arbete är tydligt och att arbetsgivaren får medarbetarna att känna sig delaktiga och engagerade för att nå goda resultat. Det är även en utmaning för arbetsgivaren att få till tillförlitliga vetenskapliga utvärderingar. Sammanfattningsvis ser Landstinget i Värmland stora möjligheter med ett hälsofrämjande arbete. De upplever att personalens hälsa förbättras och att de är en mer attraktiv arbetsgivare. Medarbetaren ser möjligheten att få bättre hälsa, att börja träna och att få bättre psykosocial arbetsmiljö.   Nyckelord: Hälsofrämjande, hälsopromotion, delaktighet, förändringsarbete, hälsoprogram, empowerment, hälsofrämjande faktorer, hälsa. / There are many factors affecting public health. People's attitudes and health are constantly affected by the surrounding environment, interactions between people and also of the factors that are due to lifestyle and heritage. Until the beginning of the 21st century, it was common for employers to work with preventive health measures which focused on illness and disease (pathogenesis). Since then, health promotion that focuses on health factors (salutogenic) has grown stronger around the world. Research shows that focus on health leads to healthier staff but that it is difficult to get accurate and measurable results.  Landstinget i Värmland have since 2010 in addition to a preventive systematic work focused on promoting the health of their employees based on the salutogenic perspective. To get high degree of participation among employees, they have implemented the concept of hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser. This means that departments must apply to be involved and they are required to fulfill certain criteria with particular focus on the systematic work environment. The focus is however on promoting health and not on prevention.  This study primarily aims to investigate how employees perceive and experience the health promoting work that Landstinget i Värmland does for their employees. Important questions are: What health promoting efforts are being made by the employer to preserve or to increase the employees’ health? What do employees experience that the employer does to promote their health? What specific difficulties and possibilities do the employer and the employees experience in the process of health promotion? I have chosen to use a qualitative method through semi-structured interviews with employees and managers at two different divisions.  The analysis shows that employers believe they do more than what employees perceive that they do. In large part this is because the actions and activities are not sufficiently adapted to the individual. The majority of respondents are satisfied with what their boss and health inspirers do in the department, but dissatisfied with what Landstinget i Värmland does as an organization. The majority of respondents also feel that health promotion requires better and clearer information. It is important that the goal of health promotion is clear and that the employer can make the employees involved and enthusiastic to achieve good results. To obtain reliable scientific assessments are also a challenge. In summary, Landstinget i Värmland sees big opportunities with health promotion programs. They feel that they will have healthier staff and that they are a more attractive employer. The employees see the opportunity to have better health, to start exercise and getting better psychosocial work environment.    Keywords: Health promotion, change management, health programs, interventions, empowerment, health, participation, health factors.

The objective of my thesis "Occupational diseases in medical personnel and their most common causes" explores the detriments of health that result from theoretical risk in the medical working environment. These health detriments not only severely impact personal health but also cause economical troubles due to diminished work capabilities. Occupational health services have improved as a consequence of this impact. Instead of this term, the expression "work healthcare" is now more commonly used. Its main goal is improvement of labour conditions as well as support of employees health. The occurrence of occupational diseases reflects the level of healthcare services available for employees. The National Institute of Public Health in Prague, in conjunction with The Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, aim to operate within this framework to address the issue of work healthcare. The objective of the thesis is to examine the occurrence of occupational diseases in the Czech Republic as well as in the South Bohemia region within a specific time period. Expressed in focused literature, there are two hypotheses related to occupational healthcare: H1 "The occurrence of occupational diseases has a declining trend" and H2 "The most common occupational disease in health care in the South Bohemia region is scabies for the years 2002, 2012 and 2013". A secondary analysis of data shows the occurrence of occupational diseases, which reflects the employees' level of healthcare. The National register of occupational diseases is available on the official web site of The National Institute of Public Health in Prague, where single year data is available for further examination. Further data is provided by The Centre of occupational Health at The National Institute of Public Health in Prague. A point of discussion is "monitoring knowledgeability of employees in public healthcare regarding prevention against occupational diseases". Another issue is "the instruction of the medical workforce about prevention against occupational diseases". The focus group is the medical workforce of The Hospital of Czech Budweis, a.s. and The Hospital of T. Bati, a.s. in Zlín. The featured questionnaire research had twenty questions, with twelve focused on knowledge of prevention that minimised contraction of associated diseases. The research has discovered that the occupational diseases in the health and social care field has a declining trend. The largest percentage of the population that has had scabies occurred in 2002. 139 cases were reported which was 53% of all occupational diseases that year. Scabies occurred in 72 cases in the year 2012, which was 55% of all occupational diseases in that year. In South Moravia, there were 44 cases of occupational diseases in 2002, but only 6 in the year 2012. The statistics of 2012 imply a significant decline. In 2002, the region of Ústí and Labem had the greatest number of occupational diseases cases 42 cases. But no case of occupational disease was found in 2002 in the region of Olomouc and in 2012 in the region of Zlín. This statistical data proves the hypothesis of a declining trend. The most significant occurrence of occupational diseases was found in the nurse population of the South Bohemia region. The most common occupational disease was scabies. Nine cases were recorded which accounted for 30% of all occupational diseases in 2002, 2012 and 2013 in the South Bohemia region. The most occupational diseases were found in 2002 17 cases. 2012 showed a decline of only 3 cases. In 2013, the occurrence of occupational diseases increased to 10 cases compared to 2012. The hypothesis was statistically confirmed. The thesis could be used as a informative document for teaching occupational hygiene and also as document of reference for healthcare personnel to study common workplace diseases. This thesis can assist in prevention of occupational diseases, in particular infectious diseases.

Introduction: The quality of life related to oral health is a multidimensional concept that includes the subjective evaluation of the oral health of the individual, functional aspects, general well-being, emotional well-being, expectations and satisfaction with their self-care. Furthermore, it is part of the general state of health and wellness. This paer is to assess the impact of oral health and sociodemographic factors in life quality of elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with elderly participants in a social group in Santa Maria, RS state, was performed. Data were collected in the same living group by previously trained interviewers. It was used for data collection, the instrument Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP -14), and a structured interview addressing sociodemographic and health issues. Data were analyzed using STATA 13.0 (Stata 13.0 for Windows; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). The descriptive analysis provided the statistics of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics as well as the average values of OHIP-14 scores and their respective domains. The differences between the mean scores of OHIP-14 according to the clinical and sociodemographic variables were statistically compared using the Mann- Whitney test, adopting a significance level of 5%. The conducted study design was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Santa Maria and all participants signed a term of consent form. Results: A total of 64 subjects were analyzed. The average age was 69.8 years, ranging from 60 to 88 years. BMI ranged from 17.99 to 42.64 kg/m (average of 28.28 ± 5.05 kg/m²), and 53, 13% (34/64) had normal weight, 15.62% (10/64) low weight and 31.25% (20/64) had obesity according to BMI classification. The mean weight was 68.7 kg ranging from 46.3 kg to 107.9 kg. The highest average of the total scores of OHIP-14 was observed in subjects who had low education (<5 years), low income (≤ R $ 2,500), altered taste, difficulty in feeling the taste of food, which were depressed and malnourished. Schooling also associated with OHIP-14 scores in the psychological discomfort and disability fields, just as changes in taste also influenced the areas of functional limitation and disability. Individuals malnourished worsened their quality of life when compared to individuals with excess weight in the total scores and disability domain. Conclusion: Oral disorders associated with worse quality of life were found in elderly women who had low family income, low education and those who had a worse nutritional diagnosis. / Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral é um conceito multidimensional que inclui a avaliação subjetiva da saúde oral do indivíduo, aspectos funcionais, bem-estar geral, bem-estar emocional, expectativas e satisfação com o seu auto cuidado. Além disso, é parte integrante do estado geral de saúde e bem estar. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da saúde oral e dos fatores sociodemográficos na qualidade de vida de idosas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo transversal com idosas participantes de um grupo de convivência na cidade de Santa Maria RS. Os dados foram coletados no próprio grupo de convivência por entrevistadores previamente capacitados. Foram utilizados para coleta dos dados o instrumento Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP -14), e uma entrevista estruturada abordando questões sociodemográficas e de saúde. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa STATA 13.0 (Stata 13.0 for Windows; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). As análises descritivas forneceram as estatísticas das características clínicas e sociodemográficas, bem como os valores médios dos escores do OHIP-14 e seus respectivos domínios. As diferenças entre os escores médios do OHIP-14 de acordo com as variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas foram comparadas estatisticamente através do teste de Mann-Whitney, adotando nível de significância de 5%. O projeto do estudo realizado foi previamente aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e todos os participantes assinaram um termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: Um total de 64 sujeitos foram analisados. A média de idade foi de 69,8 anos, variando de 60 a 88 anos. O IMC variou de 17,99 a 42,64 kg/m² (média de 28,28 ± 5,05 kg/m²), sendo que 53,13% (34/64) apresentava-se eutrófico conforme IMC, 15,62% (10/64) magreza ou desnutrição e 31,25% (20/64) apresentava excesso de peso de acordo com a classificação do IMC. A média de peso corporal foi de 68,7 kg, variando de 46,3 kg a 107,9 kg. As maiores médias dos escores totais do OHIP-14 foram observadas em indivíduos que possuíam baixa escolaridade (<5 anos), baixa renda familiar (≤ R$2.500), alteração do paladar, dificuldade de sentir o gosto dos alimentos, depressivos e desnutridos. A escolaridade também se associou com escores do OHIP-14 nos domínios desconforto psicológico e incapacidade física, do mesmo modo que as alterações no paladar influenciaram também os domínios de limitação funcional e incapacidade física. Indivíduos desnutridos apresentaram piora de qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos com excesso de peso nos escores totais e no domínio de incapacidade física. Conclusão: As desordens orais associadas a pior qualidade de vida foram encontradas em idosas que possuíam baixa renda familiar, baixa escolaridade e que apresentavam um pior diagnóstico nutricional.

Människors hälsa är viktigt vilket syns tydligt i forskning samt i de folkhälsomål som är uppsatta för Sveriges folkhälsoarbete. Ett utav folkhälsomålen innefattar arbete, arbetsförhållanden och arbetsmiljö. På arbetsplatsen finns olika faktorer som påverkar vår hälsa och välbefinnande. I forskning om chefer ligger stort fokus på chefers förutsättningar samt att chefers välbefinnande kan smitta av sig på arbetsplatsen samt på medarbetarna. Syftet med studien är att ur ett pedagogiskt perspektiv belysa hur chefer uppfattar att de arbetade hälsofrämjande på arbetsplatsen för såväl sina medarbetare som sig själva. Den vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkten finner vi i hermeneutiken och studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Vårt resultat visar att chefer använder hälsofrämjande verktyg på arbetsplatsen men att tiden är en begränsande faktor - medarbetarna får högsta prioritet och sjuknärvaro för chefen blir ett resultat av detta. Resultatet visar vidare att lärande och kompetensutveckling har positiv inverkan på hälsan men att detta inte föreföll sig helt självklart. Vår slutsats är att chefer är i behov av stöd och kunskap i hälsofrämjande arbete för att gynna hälsan, lärande och utveckling. / Human health is important, which is evident in research and in the public health goals set for Sweden's public health work. One of the public health goals includes work, working conditions and work environment. There are various factors that affect our health and well-being in the workplace. In research on managers, there is a great focus on the conditions of managers and that the well-being of managers can be contagions in the workplace and on the employees.The aim of this study is to investigate from a pedagogical perspective how managers apprehend that they work health promotion at the workplace for both their employees and themselves. The theory of science is found in hermeneutics and the study is based on semi-structured interviews as a method. Our results show that managers use health-promoting tools at the workplace, but that time is a limiting factor - employees thus get the highest priority and sickness presence for the managers is a result of this. The result shows that learning and developed competence have positive impact on health, but that this did not seem completely obvious. Our conclusion is that managers are in need of support and knowledge in health promotion work to promote health, learning and development.

Migrerade kvinnor kan möta en hel del utmaningar när de kommer till ett nytt land. Syftet med studien var att beskriva de migrerade kvinnornas upplevelser av att delta i ett integrationsprojekt. Därmed även studera vilka utmaningar de migrerade kvinnorna upplever att de står inför. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod där sju migrerade kvinnor intervjuades. Intervjuerna varade mellan 20 -70 min. Intervjupersonerna hade varit aktiva i WoW (Women on Wednesdays) olika länge, alltifrån 6 mån till 3 år. De teorier som använts i studien är praktikgemenskap, salutogent perspektiv samt Self-efficacy (S-E). Vilka bidrog till att studera upplevelser av organisationen utifrån både ett pedagogiskt- och hälsoteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visade att sociala relationer bidrar till ökat socialt stöd, självförtroende, handlingsutrymme/handlingsförmåga och delaktighet. Samt att språket öppnade för inkludering och lärande i form av personlig utveckling. / Migrant women can face a lot of challenges when they come to a new country. The purpose of the study was to describe the migrated women's experiences of participating in an integrating project. Thereafter, also study what challenges the migrant women feel that they are facing. The study was based on a qualitative method in which seven migrant women were interviewed. The interviews varied from 20 -70 minutes. It also varied in how long the women had been active in WoW (Women on Wednesdays), 6 months to 3 years. The theories used in the study was community of practice, salutogenesis perspective and self-efficacy, which contributed to study the experiences of the organization from both a learning and health perspective. The findings showed that social relationships contributed increased social support, self-confidence, ability to act and participation. The language opened up for inclusion and learning of personal development.

This diploma thesis deals with ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer. One of the primary aims is to analyze the influence of selected socio-demographic factors, health factors and lifestyle factors on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Another main aim is to find out if there are ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States to determine the contribution of the influence of selected socio-demographic and lifestyle factors using the data from the PLCO database. PLCO is a case-control study which includes individual data collected from approximately 155,000 respondents in the United States. The main finding is a significant influence of respondents' age structure, gender, ethnicity, education, family history of colorectal cancer as well as diabetes on the incidence of colorectal cancer. It has also been suggested that alcohol consumption, smoking and obesity increase the risk of colorectal cancer. On the contrary, an increased intake of vitamin D and drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid (in this case aspirin) reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. The influence of age structure and gender on the risk of developing colorectal cancer has been determined as statistically significant in African Americans, Caucasians and others (including the remaining...

Psykisk ohälsa är ett problem som ständigt ökar i samhället. Begreppet psykisk ohälsa innefattar en mängd olika psykiska och psykiatriska problem, däribland utmattningssyndromet, vilket är denna studies fokus. Syftet med studien var att undersöka de egna upplevelserna hos personer som själva drabbats av utmattningssyndrom gällande; insjuknandet, symtom, riskfaktorer och konsekvenser till följd av syndromet, samt friskfaktorer. Studien innefattar sex kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har varit drabbade av utmattningssyndrom, samt kvalitativ data från en enkät som sedan tidigare var utformad tillsammans med en kvantitativ pilotstudie. Resultatet visar att personerna upplevde att vardagen förändrades avsevärt till följd av syndromet, och att en kognitiv och fysisk trötthet upplevdes av samtliga. Resultatet påvisar även att många av intervjupersonerna och enkätdeltagarna upplevde att självuppfattningen förändrades under tiden som sjuk och att bilden över hur en vill vara krockade med den faktiska bilden. Det framkom även att vissa risk- och friskfaktorer bara upplevdes av enskilda eller ett fåtal deltagare, vilket tyder på att syndromet uppkomst och hur det artar sig är en komplex process med en individuell prägel på samtliga aspekter. / Mental illness is a problem that is constantly increasing in society, and burnout syndrome is a relevant part of the mental illness that the society is struggling with. Burnout syndrome is the type of mental illness that this study is focused on. The purpose of this study was to examine people's experience regarding the sickening and diagnostic of burnout syndrome, factors that affect the syndrome negatively and positively but also social and personal consequences that can occur. This study presents six qualitative interviews with people who have been sick with burnout syndrome, together with qualitative survey data that was collected previously. The result of the study shows that the subjects experienced a drastic change of everyday life because of the burnout syndrome. A cognitive and physical fatigue was experienced by all studied subjects. The result also shows that both the interview and survey subjects reported negative changes in the self-perception that affected their mental picture of themselves. The result does also report some affecting factors that are both positive and negative, and a big part of these factors differ between the subjects. This suggests that the burnout syndrome is a complex process that is highly affected by personal and individual factors.

Den psykiska ohälsan i skolan är hög både bland lärare och elever. I arbetsmiljöarbete kan fokus antingen vara på att främja hälsa eller förebygga ohälsa. De organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljömålen syftar till att arbeta för hälsa. Hur skolor arbetar med föreskriften om organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö är relativt obeforskat. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva vilka handlingar i praktiken som genomförs utifrån skolors organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljömål samt hur rektorer tror att detta arbete kan främja skolklimatet för eleverna. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med rektorer på kommunala högstadieskolor har genomförts och analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Skolorna arbetade aktivt med att uppnå målen, två explicit och tre skolor integrerade målen i verksamhetens kontinuerliga arbete och måluppfyllelse. Handlingar som skolorna genomförde var nya sätt att organisera, nya professioner som heltidsmentorer för att avlasta lärare, brobyggande inom och mellan professioner, tid för reflektion samt Vi-skola utifrån ”vi-känsla” för att främja god stämning och trivsel. Rektorernas tankar kring arbetsmiljöarbetets kopplingar till elevernas skolklimat var att eleverna gynnas av en varm stämning på skolan, tryggheten och goda relationer i skolan ökar, lugn och ro på lektioner och raster minskar stressen hos eleverna samt minskat våld, skolk och kränkningar. Studien visade ett organisatoriskt och socialt arbetsmiljöarbete som fungerade i praktiken och främjade lärarnas arbetsförhållanden. Dessutom främjade arbetsmiljöarbetet skolklimatet för eleverna. / This purpose of this study is to explore the types of practical interventions that are carried out in schools based on their organizational and social work environment goals, and how principals believe that this work can promote the school climate for students. In endeavoring to answer these questions, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with principals at municipal lower secondary schools and were then analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The results of the research demonstrated that schools implemented new ways of organizing, new professions as full-time mentors to relieve teachers, build relationships within and between professions, allow time for reflection and “We-school” based on a "we-feeling" to promote an inclusive atmosphere and general well-being. The principals considered the work environment connection to the students' school climate as beneficial by advancing a warm atmosphere at school, a sense of security and good relationships, peace and quiet during lessons and breaks reduce stress for the students and reduce violence, truancy and violations. The study showed an organizational and social work environment that functioned in practice and promoted the teachers' working conditions and also the student’s school climate.

Les systèmes de recommandation typiques tentent d'imiter les comportements passés des utilisateurs pour faire des recommandations futures. Par exemple, dans le domaine des recommandations alimentaires, ces algorithmes de recommandation apprennent généralement d'abord l'historique de consommation de l'utilisateur, puis recommandent les aliments que l'utilisateur préfère. Bien qu'il existe de nombreux systèmes de recommandation d'aliments proposés dans la littérature, la plupart d'entre eux sont généralement des applications directes des algorithmes de recommandation génériques sur des ensembles de données alimentaires. Nous pensons que pour le problème de la recommandation alimentaire, les connaissances spécifiques au domaine joueraient un rôle vital dans la réussite d'un recommandeur alimentaire. Cependant, la plupart des modèles existants n'intègrent pas ces connaissances. Pour résoudre ce problème, dans cet article, nous intégrons des facteurs liés à la santé (tels que l'IMC des utilisateurs, les changements de poids sous-jacents, les calories des aliments candidats et les variétés d'aliments) dans des modèles de recommandations alimentaires séquentielles pour les utilisateurs qui souhaitent mieux gérer leur alimentation et poids. Les changements de poids sous-jacents des utilisateurs sont également traités comme leurs objectifs ou leurs intentions (perdre, maintenir ou prendre du poids). Le modèle proposé devrait adapter en douceur le flux d'articles recommandé vers l'objectif des utilisateurs en tenant compte des préférences de consommation et des facteurs de santé antérieurs de l'utilisateur. Pour étudier les meilleures stratégies pour incorporer des facteurs de santé spécifiques à un domaine dans les recommandations alimentaires, dans cette étude, nous proposons deux approches de modélisation: la recommandation du prochain article et la recommandation du prochain panier. Ces deux méthodes prennent la séquence passée d'aliments (noms d'aliments et calories) consommés par un utilisateur comme entrée et produisent une liste classée d'aliments pour le prochain aliment (Next-item) ou le lendemain (Next-basket). En outre, les recommandations de base sont améliorées sur la base des approches de pointe de chaque approche de modélisation, qui sont respectivement GRU4Rec~\cite{GRU4Rec} et LSTM hiérarchique. Pour étudier l'impact des facteurs de santé et ajuster le modèle vers un objectif, nous construisons des sous-modèles spécifiques pour chaque groupe d'utilisateurs en fonction de l'IMC et de l'intention. À savoir, les utilisateurs sont regroupés en obèses, en surpoids, normaux, sous-pondérés selon l'IMC. Leurs données (par semaines) sont segmentées en semaines de perte/gain/maintien de poids en fonction du changement de poids au cours de la semaine. Cette dernière segmentation vise à saisir les habitudes de consommation alimentaire liées au poids, qui est traité comme l'intention sous-jacente de l'utilisateur. Un modèle général formé sur l'ensemble des données historiques mixtes devrait capturer les habitudes générales de consommation alimentaire de tous les utilisateurs, tandis qu'un sous-modèle formé sur l'ensemble spécifique de données pour l'IMC et l'intention capture celles des groupes ou semaines correspondants. Pour un utilisateur au sein d'un groupe d'IMC et avec l'intention de changer de poids, nous appliquons le sous-modèle spécifique, combiné avec le modèle général, pour la recommandation alimentaire. Nos modèles sont formés sur une grande quantité de données de comportement alimentaire d'utilisateurs réels à partir d'une application de gestion du poids, où nous pouvons observer la consommation alimentaire quotidienne et le poids corporel de plusieurs utilisateurs. Lorsque nous combinons le modèle complet général avec les modèles spécifiques à l'IMC et spécifiques à l'intention avec un coefficient approprié, nous observons des améliorations significatives par rapport aux performances du modèle général basé à la fois sur la recommandation de l'article suivant et sur la recommandation du panier suivant. De plus, les sous-modèles spécifiques à l'IMC et spécifiques à l'intention se sont avérés utiles, ce qui donne de meilleurs résultats que le modèle complet général, tandis que les sous-modèles spécifiques à l'IMC ont plus d'impact que le modèle spécifique à l'intention. En pratique, pour un utilisateur qui a l'intention de perdre du poids, le système peut appliquer le modèle de résultat Perte de poids (avec l'IMC correspondant) à l'utilisateur. Cela tend à ajuster en douceur le modèle général de recommandation vers cet objectif. En outre, le niveau d'ajustement pourrait être contrôlé par le coefficient de combinaison de modèles. En d'autres termes, avec un coefficient plus élevé, le sous-modèle spécifique aura un impact plus important sur la prédiction du classement final des aliments, ce qui implique que le système donnera la priorité à la réalisation de l'objectif de l'utilisateur plutôt qu'à l'imitation de ses habitudes alimentaires précédentes. Cette stratégie est plus efficace que de toujours recommander certains types d'aliments hypocaloriques, qui ne sont pas appréciés par l'utilisateur. L'intention est alignée sur le résultat de poids réel au lieu de l'intention indiquée par l'utilisateur. Ce dernier s'avère beaucoup moins performant dans nos expérimentations. / Typical recommender systems try to mimic the past behaviors of users to make future recommendations. For example, in the food recommendation domain, those recommenders typically first learn the user’s previous consumption history and then recommend the foods the user prefers. Although there are lots of food recommender systems proposed in the literature, most of them are usually some direct applications of generic recommendation algorithms on food datasets. We argue that for the food recommendation problem, domain-specific knowledge would play a vital role in a successful food recommender. However, most existing models fail to incorporate such knowledge. To address this issue, in this paper, we incorporate health-related factors (such as users’ BMI, underlying weight changes, calories of the candidate food items, and food varieties) in sequential food recommendation models for users who want to better manage their body weight. The users' underlying weight changes are also as treated as their goals or intents (either losing, maintaining, or gaining weight). The proposed model is expected to smoothly adapt the recommended item stream toward the users’ goal by considering the user’s previous consumption preferences and health factors. To investigate the best strategies to incorporate domain-specific health factors into food recommenders, in this study, we propose two modeling approaches: Next-item Recommendation and Next-basket Recommendation. These two methods take the past sequence of foods (food names and calories) consumed by a user as the input and produce a ranked list of foods for the next one (Next-item) or the next day (Next-basket). Besides, the basic recommendations are improved based on the state-of-the-art approaches of each modeling approach, which are GRU4Rec~\cite{GRU4Rec} and hierarchical LSTM, respectively. To investigate the impact of health factors and tune the model toward a goal, we build specific sub-models for each group of users according to BMI and intent. Namely, users are grouped into Obese, Overweighted, Normal, Underweighted according to BMI. Their data (by weeks) are segmented into weight losing/gaining/maintaining weeks according to the weight change during the week. This latter segmentation aims to capture food consumption patterns related to weight outcome, which is treated as the user's underlying intent. A general model trained on the whole mixed historical data is expected to capture the general food consumption patterns of all the users, while a sub-model trained on the specific set of data for BMI and intent captures those of the corresponding groups or weeks. For a user within a BMI group and with the intent of weight change, we apply the specific sub-model, combined with the general model, for food recommendation. Our models are trained on a large amount of eating behavior data of real users from a weight management app, where we can observe the daily food consumption and the body weight of many users. When we combine the general full-model with the BMI-specific and intent-specific models with appropriate coefficient, we observe significant improvements compared with the performance of the general model based on both Next-item Recommendation and Next-basket Recommendation. Furthermore, both BMI-specific and intent-specific sub-models have been proved useful, which achieves better results than the general full-model, while BMI-specific sub-models are more impactful than the intent-specific model. In practice, for a user who intends to lose weight, the system can apply the Losing-weight outcome model (with the corresponding BMI) to the user. This tends to smoothly adjust the general recommendation model toward this goal. Besides, the adjustment level could be controlled by the coefficient of model combination. In other words, with a larger coefficient, the specific sub-model will have a greater impact on predicting the final food ranking list, implying that the system will prioritize achieving the user's goal over mimicking their previous eating habits. This strategy is more effective than always recommending some types of low-calorie foods, which are not liked by the user. The intent is aligned with the actual weight outcome instead of the indicated intention by the user. This latter turns out to be much less successful in our experiments.