Begreppet historiemedvetande återfinns i den inledande syftestexten för ämnet historia i grundskolan. Begreppet beskrivs vara inflätat i elevens förståelse för hur det förflutna samspelar med det nutida och ska ge eleven perspektiv på framtiden. Historiemedvetande är ett nyckelbegrepp i historiedidaktiken och har en roll i syftet med ämnet.  Varierande benämningar på begreppet historiemedvetande enligt tidigare forskning och sökandet på hur undervisningen ska planeras för att främja utvecklingen av elevernas historiemedvetande föranleder syftet med föreliggande studie. För att uppnå studiens syfte där frågeställningar ämnar besvara hur verksamma lärare tolkar och använder begreppet historiemedvetande i mellanstadiet användes semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare. Resultatet analyserades utifrån valda teman som diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskning och det sociokulturella perspektivet i resultats diskussionen. Resultatet till studien visar att det finns arbetssätt som gynnar elevernas historiemedvetande och att det finns utmaningar med att arbeta med begreppet. Arbetssätt som lärarna beskriver är att arbeta med närområdet, moment som innehåller diskussioner och att använda digitala verktyg. Utmaningar beskrivs vara när eleverna inte kan koppla sitt eget liv till svensk historia och att läromedel inte alltid tillgodoser möjligheten att utveckla elevernas historiemedvetande. / The concept of historical consciousness is found in the introductory aim text for the subject history in middle school. The concept is described as intertwined in the pupil's understanding of how the past interacts with the present and should give the pupil a perspective on the future. Historical consciousness is a key concept in history didactics and has a role in the purpose of the subject.  Varying names for the concept of historical consciousness according to previous research and the search for how teaching should be planned to promote the development of pupil's historical consciousness give rise to the purpose of the present study. To achieve the purpose of the study, where questions intend to answer how active teachers interpret and use the concept of historical consciousness in middle school, semi-structured qualitative interviews with five teachers were used. The results were analysed based on selected themes that are discussed in relation to previous research and the socio-cultural perspective in the results discussion. The results of the study show that there are working methods that benefit pupil´s consciousness of history and that there are challenges in working with the concept. The working methods that the teachers describe are to work with the local area, elements that contain discussions and to use digital tools. Challenges are described as being when pupil´s cannot connect their own lives to Swedish history and that teaching materials do not always satisfy the opportunity to develop historical consciousness.

The genocide in Srebrenica is described as "UN's darkest hour" and is the largest genocide in modern time after the Holocaust. 2020 marks the 25th year anniversary since the genocide took place in Srebrenica.  The purpose of this study is to answer how history teachers present genocide in their teaching and how teachers discuss the genocide in Srebrenica. This study is based on a qualitative method through data collection that is obtained from interviews with five different teachers who work in Swedish schools. The study's theoretical frame of reference is based on historical awareness, use of history and non-use of history to promote understanding of teaching choices and teaching methods. This study presents that the teachers use students' emotions through discussions and movies when depicting genocide. The Holocaust is presented as the premiss of the teaching regarding genocide. The genocide in Srebrenica is only mentioned or exemplified in connection with, and in relation to, other genocides such as the Holocaust. The teachers confirm that there is a lack of time, uncertainty, and knowledge regarding the genocide in Srebrenica. The consequence of this is that a large part of the society neither relates to nor barely knows about this genocide. Europe's and the UN's biggest stain becomes hidden, and the victims do not get the attention and justice they deserve. When ignorance exists in relation to the genocide in Srebrenica, we will not be able to reach the message that is often associated with The Holocaust - Never again.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur lärare i årkurserna f-3 i Sverige gör historieundervisningen mer levandegörande genom sina arbetssätt, val av material, samt vad för hinder som lärarna anser finnas för att arbeta mer praktiskt och elevnära. Detta i syfte med att undersöka hur lärarna gynnar elevernas kunskap och historiemedvetenhet. Undersökningen utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer utav fem lärare i lågstadiet, en av dessa arbetar idag som lärare i mellanstadiet. Dock har hen varit lärare i lågstadiet i flera år och ansåg således att hens erfarenhet är fördelaktig. Alla lärare arbetar inte på samma skola och inte i samma län, således går det inte att generalisera resultatet till hur det ser ut överallt i Sverige. Dock finns det en generalisering kring lärarnas tankar kring begreppen historiemedvetenhet och levandegörande, genom praktiska moment och elevernas sinnen. Undersökningen visade att lärare antyder att ett levandegörande arbetssätt är fördelaktigt i undervisningen och hur den gynnar historiemedvetenheten hos elever. Dock använder inte alla lärare samma tillvägagångssätt för att levandegöra undervisningen, även om de hade velat göra det. / The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how some primary school teachers, grade F-3 make history teaching more “alive” through their choice of methods, materials, and what obstacles the teachers consider there to be when it comes of using practical and “student-oriented teaching” teaching. Thus, the purpose is also to investigate how the teachers will further the students’ knowledge and historical consciousness. The outcome of the survey was collected and carried out through qualitative interviews with five primary school teachers, one of whom works as a middle school teacher today. However, they have beforehand worked as a primary school teacher for several years and I consider their experience to be beneficial to the survey. The teachers work in different schools and counties, which means that the survey cannot be generalized on how teachers experience the use of practical teaching methods to benefits students’ historical consciousness in Sweden. However, the teachers’ thoughts about the concept of historical consciousness and enlivening education, through practical education and the students’ senses can be generalized. The surveys outcome showed that teachers suggested that an enlivening education is beneficial in teaching method for students’ knowledge. Nevertheless, not all teachers use the same approach to make the education enliven, even if they want to.

Detta examensarbete är en beskrivning av hur Lödöse museum arbetar för att nå ut till skolor. Syftet är att beskriva och analysera museipedagogers arbete för att nå ut till skolor med fokus på hur Lödöse museum skapar en relevant verksamhet för skolor och historieundervisningen. För att finna svar på hur Lödöse museum arbetar har jag använt mig utav en fallstudie. En fallstudie handlar om att studera ett enskilt fall. Syftet är att jag som undersökare kan upptäcka nya kunskaper och insikter som inte hade uppenbarats genom en masstudie. För att få svar på syftet har jag använt mig utav metodvalen: Dokument Kulturstrategi Västra Götaland och regional kulturplan 2020-2023, rapporten Jämlik Kultur 2016-2017, intervju av museipedagog och observation. Resultatet av metoderna resulterade i en samstämmighet kring visionen om att nå ut till alla skolor i 49 kommuner, samt att Lödöse museum har ett rikt utbud för att kunna levandegöra skolans historieundervisning. / This thesis is a description of how the Lödöse Museum works to reach out to schools. The aim is to describe and analyze the work of museum educators to reach out to schools, with a focus on how the Lödöse Museum works, I have used a case study. A case study is about studying an individual case. The purpose is that I, as a researcher, can discover new knowledge and insights that had not been revealed through a mass study. In order to get answers to the purpose, I have used the method choices: The document Cultural Strategy Västra Götaland and Regional Cultural Plan 2020-2023, the report Equal Culture 2016-2017, interview by museum educator and observation. The results of the methods resulted in a consensus on the vision of reaching out to all schools in forty-nine municipalities. Where Lödöse Museum has a rich selection to be able to bring the school´s history to life.

Under två terminer har vi medverkat i en forskningscirkel på en grundskola som behandlat historieundervisning i en mångkulturell miljö. Forskningscirkeln startades i samband med att den aktuella skolan fick ett stort tillskott av elever med invandrarbakgrund. Det ena syftet med detta examensarbete är att synliggöra lärarnas syn på rollfördelningen inom den aktuella forskningscirkeln. Den rollfördelning vi syftar på är framförallt den mellan forskarna och lärarna, inte lärarna emellan. Det andra syftet är att se hur lärarna upplever att de påverkats av att medverka i forskningscirkeln, och då med fokus på historieundervisning i en mångkulturell miljö. Forskningscirklar inom skolans värld är ett ganska nytt fenomen. I forskningscirkeln möts teoretiker och praktiker kring ett gemensamt problem, utformat av praktikerna. Om forskningscirkeln i skolan ska kunna bli ett möte på lika villkor bör forskarna håller en medvetet låg profil. Risken finns annars att traditionella mönster upprepas; forskarna agerar ledare och lärarna blir de passiva deltagarna som utför uppgifter de tilldelats. Även om forskarnas låga profil kan innebära att arbetsprocessen i cirkeln tar längre tid så uppnås troligtvis resultat som är mer relevanta både för forskare och för lärare. Lärarna i den aktuella forskningscirkeln upplever att forskarna i cirkeln har hållit en låg profil. Deras uppfattning är att alla deltagit på lika villkor, oavsett yrke och tidigare erfarenheter. Dagens forskning inom det historiedidaktiska området fokuserar framförallt på hur man i skolan kan förändra sin historieundervisning utifrån de elever läraren har framför sig, och vems historia det egentligen är som ska förmedlas. Undersökningen visar att lärarna anser att på grund av sin medverkan i forskningscirkeln har det vuxit fram idéer och tankar kring hur de ska kunna förändra sin undervisning. Även om det inte är helt oproblematiskt, så försöker lärarna att hitta nya vägar, så att historieundervisningen ska angå alla i klassrummet. Centrala begrepp för forskningscirkeln och för detta examensarbete har varit, identitet, historiemedvetenhet, kultur och kulturarv. Begreppen har diskuterats utifrån ett didaktiskt perspektiv. / During these two last terms we took part in a research group on history teaching in a multi-cultural environment at a compulsory school. The research group started when the school in question had recently taken on a large number of pupils of a foreign background. This thesis has two purposes, the first of which is to show the teachers’ view on the division of rolls within the aforementioned research group. The division referred to is principally that between the researchers and the teachers, not that between the teachers. The other purpose is to see how the teachers perceived the influence of participating in the research group, the focus being on history teaching in a multi-cultural environment. Research groups in the school world are quite new phenomena. In the research group theoreticians and practitioners meet about a mutual problem, defined by the practitioners. In order for the research group to meet on an equal footing, the researchers have to maintain a consciously low profile. Otherwise they run the risk of repeating a worn pattern where the researchers act as leaders and the teachers become the participants performing their allocated tasks. Even though the researchers’ low profile may mean the work process taking a longer time, chances are that results more relevant to the teachers and researchers are achieved. The teachers in this particular research group feel the researchers in the group did keep a low profile. Their impression is that everyone who participated took part on equal conditions, regardless of their profession and earlier experiences. Research today within the area of history didactics mainly focuses on how schools might change their history teaching based on the pupils sitting in front of the teacher, and on whose history one is actually trying to convey. This research shows that the teachers feel their participation in the research group did provoke ideas and thoughts on how to change the lessons. While it is not completely unproblematic, the teachers are trying to find new ways of making the history lessons relate to everyone in the classroom. Central conceptions for the research group and for this thesis have been identity, history awareness, culture and culture heritance. These conceptions have been discussed from a didactic perspective.

The purpose of the study is to investigate teachers' experiences of developing cooperation and participation with students in history teaching in order to strengthen students' learning. The goal is particularly interested in understanding what collaboration and participation are in history teaching according to teachers'experiences and which methods are used to achieve this. In addition, it examines what conditions are needed for this to be achieved. Finally, it is also examined whether challenges can arise in order to create cooperation and participation in history teaching. The study is based on a semi-structured qualitative interview method with three teachers. The teachers are from two upper secondary schools and one secondary school in Sweden. The result shows that cooperation and participation can be achieved in different ways, but that the concepts relate to each other. What perhaps appeared surprising was that the relationship with the students was emphasized more than the methods themselves, which were quite basic. Another decisive factor that stood out was the teacher's ability to find inputs for the student and make personal connections to the history subject. When the teacher found the entrance, participation and cooperation also increased. The teacher's passion for the profession was also something that influenced the students' participation.

The purpose of this study is to compare how pre-service teacher students describe historical consciousness, concerning if they are studying their first or last history course. The concept historical consciousness was chosen because of its central role in the Swedish curriculum for the history subject. To achieve the study’s purpose eight pre-service teacherswere qualitatively interviewed. Five of the eight students studied their first history course, while the remaining three studied their last history course. The two theories that made up the theoretical framework of the study was Rüsen’s three principles for narrative competence as well as Jensen’s five processes of historical consciousness. The result of the studyshows that a clear majority of the students described historical consciousness as a method of learning from historical mistakes. This trend was clear with both groups of students. This study also shows that a majority of students had difficulties with the future’s role in historical consciousness. One out of the eight students made clear and continuous references between the three tenses past, present and future. The result reveal that the teacher education should focus more on the three tenses past, present, and future in relation to practical teaching situations. This to make historical consciousness more practical for the student teachers.

This essay examines to which degree students in history in a swedish upper secondary schoolmanage to apropriate cogntive tools and frameworks in order to create narratives. The casestudy concentrates on a specific cognitive tool, namley narrative structure and to whichextent it helps students to make order of and organise historical subject matter intomeaningful narratives through teaching that is specifically designed to accomplish this kindof historical reasoning through cognitive tools and frameworks.Furthermore this study also examines epistemological beliefs and to which extent thesebeliefs either help or mislead the students on their way towards a qualified historicalconsciousness.This study also focus on the concept of narrative competence and to which extent studentsin history develop this competence through different frameworks and narrative structure.This study shows how students use cognitive tools and frameworks to create narratives. Butthe students often tend to mix different types of narration in their texts. The definetely tryto create histories with help of narrative structure but they do not manage to go all the waywith the result of their texts being hybrids of different structures of textWhen it comes to the epitemological beliefs many of the students tend to hold relativisticviews of history which doesn ́t necessarily mean they believe anything goes but more in thecontext of perspectives as important to change the direction of the narrative depending onwho is telling the story and what dimension of history that is displayed. Not many studentshave yet reached a evidence-based criterialist position.

I det här arbetet vill vi ta reda på hur historiska spelfilmer förhåller sig till historiemedvetande. Det vi främst fokuserar på är hur högstadieelever relaterar till historisk spelfilm och hur deras historiemedvetande påverkas av den audiovisuella historieförmedlingen i skolan, i avsikt att framställa en matris för hur undervisning med hjälp av film ska ske. Ytterligare ett inslag i denna uppsats utgörs av en redogörelse kring hur man praktiskt går till väga när man arbetar med film i undervisningssammanhang. För att uppfylla syftet har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Idag konkurrerar skolans kunskapsmonopol med populärkulturen. I takt med medievärldens expansion har den tekniska utvecklingen och intresset för tekniska medel ökat i samhället. Filmtekniken har förbättrats, vilket har lett till att spelfilmer framstår som mer autentiska än vad de tidigare har gjort. Vårt intryck är att den historiska spelfilmen som ett hjälpmedel i undervisningen får en allt större plats i den svenska skolan. Få läromedel kan få elever att leva sig in i historiska miljöer och ännu färre kan beröra elever emotionellt som just spelfilmen. En annan fördel med spelfilm i skolan är att eleverna får verktyg så att de kan hantera mediernas bild av världen ur ett källkritiskt perspektiv. / With this essay we want to examine the relation between historical movies and historical conciousness. Our main focus is on how seniors of compulsory school relates to historical movies and how their historical conciousness is effected by the audiovisual funds in teaching of history, in purpose to develope a matrix for teaching involving movies. An additional element of our studie represents a short account of how to practically use movies in shool. In order to do this we have chosen a qualatative method with semistructured interviews. Today, school is challenged by e.g. popular cultur. In a time of an increasing flow of media in society, the interest for technical aid has increased in the society. The technical methods in moviemaking has been improved and has conveyed to movies beeing more authentic than they ever been before. Our impression is that movies based on historical events becomes more inported in school. Few didactical aids enables pupils to embrace the historical enviroment and even fewer can touch pupils’ emotions. Another advantage is that movie gives the pupils tools to create a critical thinking when relating to the medias’ perception of the world.

Syftet med detta arbete är att diskutera förhållandet mellan historisk spelfilm och historieundervisningen i den svenska skolan idag.Spelfilm har blivit en del av elevers vardag och historiker diskuterar i allt högre grad hur historia används i spelfilmer och hur detta påverkar vårt historiemedvetande. Möjligtvis är det så att detta bruk av historia leder till ett nytt historiemedvetande.Film kan ses som ett pedagogiskt redskap, en upplevelse som leder fram till intresse och kunskap. Vad detta arbete strävar mot är att undersöka om man kan lära sig något om det förflutna genom historisk spelfilm samt om historisk spelfilm kan utveckla elevers historiemedvetande.Arbetet tar sin utgångspunkt i ett projekt om historisk spelfilm genomfört med högstadie- och gymnasieelever på två skånska skolor. Med avstamp i visandet av två filmer om medeltiden; Robin Hood- Prince of Thieves och En riddares historia, diskuteras faktakunskap, förståelse och historiemedvetande. / The purpose of this work is to discuss historic Hollywood movies in relation to the teaching of history in Swedish Schools today.Hollywood movies are in today’s society a part of the student’s everyday life and historians have increasingly come to discuss how history is used in these movies and how this affects our historic consciousness.Movies can be seen as pedagogical tools, an experience that will lead to an interest and a search for knowledge. What this paper strives to examine is if you can learn anything about the past by watching historic Hollywood movies and in extent if it can serve to develop student’s historic consciousness.Taking its beginning in a project about two movies dealing with the Middle Ages, Robin Hood- Prince of Thieves and A Knight’s tale, this paper discusses basic knowledge, comprehension and historic consciousness.