This study investigates the intercultural development with young learners from Sweden and New Zealand, when using written telecollaboration as a tool. Telecollaboration; is a tool used for online collaboration, it provides for a possibility of connecting students from across the globe and can function as a supplement to traditional teaching. The exchange, took place over a couple of months, connecting two remote and quite unknown corners of the world, from the students’ perspective. Students shared cultural topics with their peers through the course of two emails each, as well as, creating an overall multimodal presentation of their school. The telecollaborative exchange was done in the quest to develop the students social and self-awareness regarding culture through authentic meetings. The data collected is in the form of mind-maps, multi-choice surveys and unstructured observations. Visible themes, found during the project, is unpacked and analysed in accordance with Byram’s (1997) theoretical model of ICC. These themes are also compared with findings of previous research on telecollaboration in educational settings. The results of the study revealed that a development of the young learners’ intercultural understanding was partially achieved. Furthermore, implications met, was the limitation of time as well as the range of technology available.

National studies suggest that eighty percent of existing code professionals are expected to retire within the next fifteen years. As part of this research, it was determined that approximately half of all licensed building inspectors in the State of Utah will reach retirement age within the next ten years. As building inspectors make up a large part of the Code Professional Industry this demographic was selected as the focus of this research. The purpose of this research project was to assess the urgent need for new entrants into the Code Professional Industry in Utah. As part of this research, trends within the local industry over a 20 year period were evaluated. A statewide survey of over 300 licensed building inspectors was conducted to investigate the demographics of the industry, and gain first-hand insight from individual code professionals. This research was successful in quantifying the size of the Code Professional Industry in Utah, and numbering the populations of certified professionals in each individual code discipline. In addition, projected losses were established within each code discipline, discovering many disciplines in which over 50% of current professionals would be lost within a ten year period. In addition projections were made contrasting the number of code professionals leaving the industry versus the small anticipated number of individuals entering the industry. This research conclusively predicts a steady and dramatic decline in the number of licensed code professionals, unless the industry actively works toward addressing the issue. The group of aging code professionals possess a level of knowledge and experience not easily replaced. This study was based on an extensive statewide survey of licensed building inspectors in Utah, and collected opinions, concerns and insights directly from the Code Professional Industry. The findings of this study provide a unique look at this specialized industry within a single state. The lessons learned likely apply to populations of code professionals in other locations. This study concluded that a combination of phased retirement, modified work duties and mentoring programs would be of great benefit to the Code Professional Industry, by allowing the transfer of knowledge between the outgoing generation and the future generation of code professionals.

No description available.

1) Aims To explore the ultrastructure of interstitial cells in the upper lamina propria of the human bladder, to describe the spatial relationships and to investigate cell-cell contacts. 2) Methods Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), 3-View SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to analyze the 3D ultrastructure of the upper lamina propria in male and female human bladders. 3) Results 3View-SEM image stacks as large as 59µm x 59µm x 17µm (xyz) at a resolution of 16nm x 16nm x 50 nm and high resolution (5nm x 5nm x 10nm) FIB-SEM stacks could be analyzed. Interstitial cells with myoid differentiation (mIC) and fibroblast like interstitial cells (fIC) were the major cell types in the upper lamina propria. The flat, sheet-like ICs were oriented strictly parallel to the urothelium sheet-like morphology. No spindle shaped cells were present. We furthermore identified one branched cell (bIC) with several processes contacting urothelial cells by penetrating the basal membrane. This cell did not make any contacts to other ICs within the upper lamina propria. We found no evidence for the occurrence of telocytes in the upper lamina propria. 4) Conclusions Comprehensive 3D-ultrastructural analysis of the human bladder confirmed distinct subtypes of interstitial cells. We provide evidence for a foremost unknown direct connection between a branched interstitial cell and urothelial cells of which the functional role has still to be elucidated. 3D-ultrastructure analyses at high resolution are needed to further define the subpopulations of lamina propria cells and cell-cell interactions.

Das Betriebssystem Android bietet, aufgrund der stetig steigenden Zahl der verfügbaren mobilen Geräte auf Basis dieses System und der ebenfalls stark steigenden Zahl der Nutzer solcher Geräte, eine sehr gute Grundlage zur Entwicklung diverser mobiler Anwendungen. Es kann dabei für jeden erdenklichen Bereich des alltäglichen Lebens, vor allem Freizeit, aber auch Arbeit, eine App auf Grundlage von Android entwickelt werden. Im Bereich der mobilen Eventguides gibt es aktuell noch Entwicklungsbedarf bei den angebotenen mobilen Applikationen. So gibt es zahlreiche Anwendungen für Messen, Konferenzen oder Festivals, allerdings unterscheiden sich diese stark in ihren Funktionen und vor allem in der Darstellung von Karten und Plänen. Häufig werden solche Apps auf Grundlage eines Frameworks erstellt, welches es ermöglicht die App an verschiedene Veranstaltungen anzupassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Implementierung eines Konferenzführers für die Internationale Kartographische Konferenz 2013 in Dresden. Grundlage für die Implementierung ist dabei die Betrachtung von Orientierungsmethoden und Navigationsanwendungen für Fußgänger im In- und Outdoorbereich und auf Großveranstaltungen. Hierzu werden bereits vorhandene Apps aus dem Bereich Veranstaltungen untersucht. Neben den allgemeinen Funktionen wird ein Augenmerk auf die kartographischen Funktionen solcher Apps gelegt. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird ein Framework, auf Basis von Android, entwickelt, welches die Erstellung von mobilen Anwendungen für verschiedene Großereignisse ermöglicht. Dieses Framework wird speziell an die Internationale Kartographische Konferenz 2013 angepasst und liefert als Ergebnis eine App, die als digitaler Konferenzführer genutzt werden kann.:Aufgabenstellung III Selbstständigkeitserklärung V Kurzfassung VII Abstract VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis IX Abbildungsverzeichnis XII Tabellenverzeichnis XIII Abkürzungsverzeichnis XIV 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit 3 1.3 Ziel der Arbeit 4 2 Großereignisse – Definition und Klassifizierung 7 2.1 Allgemein 7 2.2 Messe 10 2.3 Festival 11 2.4 Stadtfest 11 2.5 Konferenz 12 2.6 International Cartographic Conference 2013 – ICC 2013 12 3 Orientierung und Navigation als Fußgänger 15 3.1 Begriffsdefinitionen 15 3.1.1 Orientierung 15 3.1.2 Navigation 15 3.1.3 Fußgängernavigation 16 3.2 Outdoor 18 3.2.1 Analog 18 3.2.2 Digital 19 3.3 Indoor 24 3.3.1 Analog 24 3.3.2 Digital 28 3.4 In Computerspielen 41 3.5 Auf Großveranstaltungen 45 3.5.1 Analog 46 3.5.2 Digital 46 4 Apps für Großereignisse 49 4.1 Mobile Applikation 49 4.2 Vorteile mobiler Apps für Großereignisse 49 4.3 Smartphones 50 4.4 Betriebssysteme für Smartphones 50 4.5 Mobile Event 54 4.6 Vergleich vorhandener Apps für Großereignissse 55 4.6.1 Entwickler von Apps für Großereignisse 56 4.6.2 Vergleich ausgewählter Apps 57 4.7 Wichtige Funktionen einer App für Großereignisse 65 4.7.1 Ergebnisse aus dem Vergleich 65 4.7.2 Evaluationsergebnisse 69 4.7.3 Zusammenfassung der Untersuchung 73 5 Konzeption einer App für Großereignisse 75 5.1 Funktionen der App 76 5.2 Gestaltung der App – Design Guidelines Android 80 5.3 Bedienung 83 5.4 Datenübertragung 84 5.5 Datengrundlage/Datenanforderung 85 5.6 Adaptionsmöglichkeiten 90 5.7 Grafische Darstellung des Konzeptes 92 5.8 Framework 93 6 Praxisbeispiel ICC 2013 Conference Guide 95 6.1 Grundlagen 95 6.1.1 Entwicklungsumgebung – Systemvoraussetzungen 96 6.1.2 Struktur eines Android-Projektes 97 6.2 Implementierung der App 98 6.2.1 Startmenü 99 6.2.2 Datenübertragung 102 6.2.3 XML-Verarbeitung und Datenbank 106 6.2.4 Listenansicht und Detailansicht 109 6.2.5 Kartenansicht und Routing 114 6.2.6 Erstellung einer APK-Datei und Veröffentlichung einer App 122 6.3 Dokumentation 122 6.4 Test 123 6.5 Hinweise zur Anpassung der App an ein anderes Großereignis 126 6.6 Aktueller Stand der App 129 6.7 Probleme während der Erstellung 130 7 Fazit 133 8 Ausblick 135 Quellenverzeichnis XVII Literaturquellen XVII Internetquellen XXIII Google play Seiten der getesteten Apps XXXII Anhang XXXV A Fragebögen XXXV A.1 Fragebogen „Umfrage zur Erstellung einer App für Großveranstaltungen“ XXXV A.2 Fragebogen „Evaluation zur App ICC 2013 Conference Guide für Android“ XXXIX B XML-Strukturen LI B.1 Struktur scientific_program.xml LI B.2 Struktur social_program.xml LII B.3 Struktur speaker.xml LIII B.4 Struktur news.xml LIII B.5 Struktur exhibitor.xml LIV B.6 Struktur poi.xml LV C Screenshots LVII D Klassendiagramm (schematisch) LXI E CD LXIII / The Android operating system offers, due to the increasing number of available mobile devices based on this system and also the rapidly increasing number of users of such devices, a very good basis for the development of various mobile applications. It can be relevant to every conceivable area of everyday life, especially leisure, but also work to develop an app based on Android. It currently still requires development of the offered mobile applications in the area of mobile event guides. There are numerous applications for trade shows, conferences and festivals, but they differ greatly in their functions and, above all in the presentation of maps and plans. Often, such apps are created based on a framework that allows the app to adapt to different events. The present paper describes the implementation of a conference guide for the International Cartographic Conference 2013 in Dresden. Basis for the implementation is the consideration of methods of orientation and navigation applications at indoor and outdoor areas for pedestrians and on major events. To this end, existing applications from the category large events will be studied. Besides the general features a focus is placed on the cartographic features of such apps. A framework, based on Android, which allows the creation of mobile applications for various large events, will be created as part of the work. This framework is adapted to the International Cartographic Conference 2013 and delivers as a result an application that can be used as a digital conference guide.:Aufgabenstellung III Selbstständigkeitserklärung V Kurzfassung VII Abstract VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis IX Abbildungsverzeichnis XII Tabellenverzeichnis XIII Abkürzungsverzeichnis XIV 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit 3 1.3 Ziel der Arbeit 4 2 Großereignisse – Definition und Klassifizierung 7 2.1 Allgemein 7 2.2 Messe 10 2.3 Festival 11 2.4 Stadtfest 11 2.5 Konferenz 12 2.6 International Cartographic Conference 2013 – ICC 2013 12 3 Orientierung und Navigation als Fußgänger 15 3.1 Begriffsdefinitionen 15 3.1.1 Orientierung 15 3.1.2 Navigation 15 3.1.3 Fußgängernavigation 16 3.2 Outdoor 18 3.2.1 Analog 18 3.2.2 Digital 19 3.3 Indoor 24 3.3.1 Analog 24 3.3.2 Digital 28 3.4 In Computerspielen 41 3.5 Auf Großveranstaltungen 45 3.5.1 Analog 46 3.5.2 Digital 46 4 Apps für Großereignisse 49 4.1 Mobile Applikation 49 4.2 Vorteile mobiler Apps für Großereignisse 49 4.3 Smartphones 50 4.4 Betriebssysteme für Smartphones 50 4.5 Mobile Event 54 4.6 Vergleich vorhandener Apps für Großereignissse 55 4.6.1 Entwickler von Apps für Großereignisse 56 4.6.2 Vergleich ausgewählter Apps 57 4.7 Wichtige Funktionen einer App für Großereignisse 65 4.7.1 Ergebnisse aus dem Vergleich 65 4.7.2 Evaluationsergebnisse 69 4.7.3 Zusammenfassung der Untersuchung 73 5 Konzeption einer App für Großereignisse 75 5.1 Funktionen der App 76 5.2 Gestaltung der App – Design Guidelines Android 80 5.3 Bedienung 83 5.4 Datenübertragung 84 5.5 Datengrundlage/Datenanforderung 85 5.6 Adaptionsmöglichkeiten 90 5.7 Grafische Darstellung des Konzeptes 92 5.8 Framework 93 6 Praxisbeispiel ICC 2013 Conference Guide 95 6.1 Grundlagen 95 6.1.1 Entwicklungsumgebung – Systemvoraussetzungen 96 6.1.2 Struktur eines Android-Projektes 97 6.2 Implementierung der App 98 6.2.1 Startmenü 99 6.2.2 Datenübertragung 102 6.2.3 XML-Verarbeitung und Datenbank 106 6.2.4 Listenansicht und Detailansicht 109 6.2.5 Kartenansicht und Routing 114 6.2.6 Erstellung einer APK-Datei und Veröffentlichung einer App 122 6.3 Dokumentation 122 6.4 Test 123 6.5 Hinweise zur Anpassung der App an ein anderes Großereignis 126 6.6 Aktueller Stand der App 129 6.7 Probleme während der Erstellung 130 7 Fazit 133 8 Ausblick 135 Quellenverzeichnis XVII Literaturquellen XVII Internetquellen XXIII Google play Seiten der getesteten Apps XXXII Anhang XXXV A Fragebögen XXXV A.1 Fragebogen „Umfrage zur Erstellung einer App für Großveranstaltungen“ XXXV A.2 Fragebogen „Evaluation zur App ICC 2013 Conference Guide für Android“ XXXIX B XML-Strukturen LI B.1 Struktur scientific_program.xml LI B.2 Struktur social_program.xml LII B.3 Struktur speaker.xml LIII B.4 Struktur news.xml LIII B.5 Struktur exhibitor.xml LIV B.6 Struktur poi.xml LV C Screenshots LVII D Klassendiagramm (schematisch) LXI E CD LXIII

The evaluation of shoulder abduction and flexion strength is important in the rehabilitation after rotator cuff tear. The purpose of this work is to assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of measurement data from an isokinetic dynamometer used to evaluate shoulder abduction and flexion strength, with the aim to identify sources of measurement errors and suggest improvements. The measurement data was collected by a research group at Karolinska Institute and contained load and torque data from thirteen healthy subjects in the ages of 25 to 87 years. The measurements were carried out on two occasions, one week apart. Systematic differences between occasions are analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk test, the paired t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The agreement of the measurements is analyzed quantitatively using the coefficient of variation and the Bland Altman plot, and quantitively, using the intraclass correlation coefficient. A significant systematic difference in shoulder abduction and flexion load measurements was found, and the recommendation to prevent this is that components should be calibrated in a standardized way. The measurements showed varying reliability within and between measurement occasions and that after familiarization with the isokinetic dynamometer, repeatability improved. The findings indicate a need of a standardized protocol for patient education and placement. Measurements from the position sensor contributed to more random torque values. To improve the repeatability in measurements from the position sensor, axis of rotation should be kept aligned. An increasing variability in measurements with increasing load and torque was found. The recommendation is to use a preload for patients using more force in the movement, to make sure a preset speed is not exceeded, which contributes to more reliable measurements. / Utvärderingen av axelabduktion och flexionsstyrka är viktig i rehabiliteringen efter skada i axelleden. Syftet med det här arbetet är att bedöma intra- och interbedömartillförlitligheten hos mätdata från en isokinetisk dynamometer som används för att utvärdera axelabduktion och flexionsstyrka, med syftet att identifiera källor till mätfel och föreslå förbättringar. Mätdatat samlades in av en forskargrupp vid Karolinska Institutet och innehöll belastnings- och vridmomentdata från tretton friska försökspersoner i åldrarna 25 till 87 år. Mätningarna utfördes vid två tillfällen med en veckas mellanrum. Systematiska skillnader mellan tillfällena analyseras med Shapiro Wilk-testet, det parade t-testet och Wilcoxon signed rank test. Mätningarnas överensstämmelse analyseras kvantitativt med hjälp av variationskoefficienten och Bland Altman-diagrammet, samt kvalitativt med hjälp av intraklasskorrelationskoefficienten. En signifikant systematisk skillnad i axelabduktion och flexionsbelastningsmätningar hittades, och rekommendationen för att förhindra detta är att komponenter bör kalibreras på ett standardiserat sätt. Mätningarna visade på en varierande tillförlitlighet inom och mellan mättillfällen och att efter bekantskap med den isokinetiska dynamometern, förbättrades repeterbarheten. Slutsatserna indikerar ett behov av ett standardiserat protokoll för patientutbildning och placering. Mätningar från positionssensorn bidrog till mer slumpmässiga vridmomentvärden. För att förbättra repeterbarheten i mätningar från positionssensorn bör rotationsaxeln hållas i linje. En ökande variation mellan mättillfällen med ökande belastning och vridmoment hittades. Rekommendationen är att använda en förspänning för patienter som använder mer kraft i rörelsen, för att säkerställa att en förinställd hastighet inte överskrids, vilket bidrar till mer tillförlitliga mätningar.

Bank demand guarantees have become an established part of international trade. Demand guarantees, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit are all treated as autonomous contracts whose operation will not be interfered with by courts on grounds immaterial to the guarantee or credit itself. The idea in the documentary credit transaction/demand guarantee transaction is that if the documents (where applicable) presented are in line with the terms of the credit/guarantee the bank has to pay, and if the documents do not correspond to the requirements, the bank must not pay. However, over the years a limited number of exceptions to the autonomy principle of demand guarantees and letters of credit have come to be acknowledged and accepted in practice. In certain circumstances, the autonomy of demand guarantees and letters of credit may be ignored by the bank and regard may be had to the terms and conditions of the underlying contract. The main exceptions concern fraud and illegality in the underlying contract. In this thesis a great deal of consideration has been given to fraud and illegality as possible grounds on which payment under demand guarantees and letters of credit have been attacked (and sometimes even prevented) in the English, American and South African courts. It will be shown that the prospect of success depends on the law applicable to the demand guarantee and letter of credit, and the approach a court in a specific jurisdiction takes. At present, South Africa has limited literature on demand guarantees, and the case law regarding the grounds upon which payment under a demand guarantee might be prevented is scarce and often non-existent. In South Africa one finds guidance by looking at similar South African case law dealing with commercial and standby letters of credit and applying these similar principles to demand guarantees. The courts, furthermore, find guidance by looking at how other jurisdictions, in particular the English courts, deal with these issues. Therefore, how the South African courts currently deal/should be dealing/probably will be dealing with the unfair and fraudulent calling of demand guarantees/letters of credit is discussed in this thesis. / Jurisprudence / LL.D

Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Based on the work of leading theorists within peace and conflict studies, this thesis develops a theoretical framework in order to analyse the seemingly deadlocked ‘peace vs. justice’ debate to explore the possibility of expanding the perspectives in a combined approach. It finds that the debate is based on a narrow perception of both concepts, where they are perceived as negotiations and punishment respectively. Only through applying such a combined approach is it thereby possible to move beyond this current situation. This theoretical framework is then applied on the case of the ongoing conflict in Northern Uganda, where the empirical aspects of this debate have lasted for the longest period of time since the International Criminal Court’s involvement in 2004. With basis in the Juba peace agreement from 2008 that would have balanced retributive and restorative forms of justice, this study finds that the only way to create sustainable peace is by striking a balance between the transitional justice mechanisms of the ICC, conditional amnesties and more traditional forms of justice in the affected communities in Northern Uganda. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Op grond van die werk van voorste teoretici op die gebied van vrede- en konflikstudie, ontwikkel hierdie tesis teoretiese raamwerk vir die ontleding van die oënskynlik vasgevalle debat tussen vrede en geregtigheid, ten einde die moontlike verbreding van perspektiewe met behulp van 'n gekombineerde benadering te ondersoek. Die studie bevind dat die debat tussen vrede en geregtigheid op 'n baie eng opvatting van dié twee konsepte berus, naamlik dié van onderhandeling en straf onderskeidelik. Slegs deur 'n gekombineerde benadering toe te pas, is dit dus moontlik om die huidige toedrag van sake te bowe te kom. Die teoretiese raamwerk van die studie is vervolgens op die voortslepende konflik in Noord-Uganda toegepas, waar die empiriese aspekte van dié debat steeds sedert die betrokkenheid van die Internasionale Strafhof in 2004 voorkom. Met die Juba-vredesooreenkoms van 2008 as uitgangspunt, wat veronderstel was om 'n balans te vind tussen vergeldende en herstellende vorme van geregtigheid, bevind dié studie dat volhoubare vrede slegs bereik kan word deur 'n gebalanseerde kombinasie van die Internasionale Strafhof se oorgangsgeregtigheidsmeganisme, voorwaardelike amnestie, en meer tradisionele vorme van geregtigheid in die geaffekteerde Noord-Ugandese gemeenskappe.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Le devoir de coopération s'affirme comme un nouveau concept destiné à faciliter le bon usage des accords contractuels. En élargissant les principes de bonne foi ou d'intérêt commun, il jouxte la notion d'affectio societatis du droit des sociétés. Ce concept s'est particulièrement développé pour appuyer la mondialisation des échanges économiques aussi bien comme guide des parties contractantes dans la bonne administration de leurs relations que comme mode d'interprétation ou de règlement des différends. Le devoir de coopération est un souffle nouveau destiné à rendre implicite une attitude coopérative et non plus antagoniste des parties. Le domaine de.la franchise internationale est une , bonne illustration de ce nouveau concept: les parties au contrat de franchise internationale doivent s'adapter au marché local par exemple, ce qui nécessite à l'évidence une attitude entrepreneuriale coopérative. Le devoir de coopération peut être conçu comme une notion clef de la bonne exécution contractuelle. Il est en tout cas déjà consacré comme tel en droit contractuel international où il agit comme source de droit supplétive lorsque la lettre du contrat s'avère insuffisante. / The duty to cooperate is emerging as a new legal concept intended to facilitate the performance of contractual agreements. By broadening the principles of good faith or common interest, the notion of cooperation could be seen as analogical to the notion of affectio societatis in the right of societies? This notion has developed in particular to support the globalization of economic exchanges, not only as a guide for contracting parties in the proper administration of their relationship, but also as a mode of interpretation or for dispute resolution. The duty to cooperate is an innovative notion designed to create an implicit cooperative, no longer antagonistic , attitude among the parties. This is could be best demonstrated by examining its development in the field of international franchising : for example, the parties to an international franchising agreement must adjust their business plan to the local market and culture, which obviously necessitates a cooperative entrepreneurial attitude. The dut y to cooperate should be understood as a key element in the proper performance of contractual agreements. It has already been acknowledged as such normative compone nt in international contractual law where it serves as a suppletive law in those cases where the letter of the contract is insufficient.

L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer que les décisions arbitrales de la Chambre de commerce internationale peuvent être considérées comme une source potentielle de droit au Canada. Il existe actuellement une incertitude quant au droit matériel utilisé en arbitrage international pour résoudre les différends commerciaux. Bien que l’utilisation de la lex mercatoria pour résoudre un litige soit une option, elle se heurte à de nombreuses incertitudes terminologiques et conceptuelles. L’utilisation d’une approche méthodologique de la lex mercatoria permettrait une classification de ses sources en deux branches: (1) le droit statutaire international et (2) le stare decisis des tribunaux d’arbitrage commercial international. Une telle approche méthodologique conférerait plus de certitude quant à l’application d’un droit uniforme. De plus, elle faciliterait l’étude de l’interlégalité entre les règles de la lex mercatoria et le droit matériel interne. Plus particulièrement, elle permet de comparer les similitudes et les différences des règles du droit matériel entre les décisions arbitrales internationales, le droit statutaire international et les juridictions canadiennes de common law et de droit civil. Cette comparaison rend possible une évaluation de l’influence potentielle des décisions arbitrales de la Chambre de commerce internationale sur le droit matériel canadien et si cette influence est plus importante en droit civil ou en common law. / This paper’s objective is to demonstrate that the International Chamber of Commerce’s arbitral awards may be considered as a potential source of law in Canada. There currently exists an uncertainty as to the substantive law used in international commercial arbitration. While the use of lex mercatoria to solve commercial disputes is often referred to, several terminological and conceptual uncertainties undermine its credibility. The use of a methodological approach to lex mercatoria allows for a twofold classification of its sources through: (1) international legislation and (2) stare decisis from international arbitral tribunals. This methodological approach provides a greater certainty for the application of a uniform law which, in turn, allows for the study of interlegality between rules of lex mercatoria and substantive domestic law. Furthermore, this methodological approach facilitates the demonstration of the similarities and differences between international arbitral decisions, international legislation as well as Canadian common law and civil law jurisdictions. This comparative analysis will allow the study of the potential influence of the arbitral decisions of the International Chamber of Commerce on substantive Canadian law and whether this influence is more important in civil law or common law.