Esta dissertação tem como foco a prática de duelo rimas conhecida como batalha de freestyle. Segundo os participantes, o freestyle é \"rap feito na hora\" e o objetivo das batalhas é \"zoar o outro\". A partir de etnografia realizada ao longo de três anos na batalha da Santa Cruz, em São Paulo, analiso como os aspectos lítero-musicais e performáticos nublam a fronteira entre o insulto e a piada, possibilitando a encenação de conflitos e entabulando uma espécie de \"economia da diferença\". Nestes embates, os improvisadores mobilizam e flexionam categorias como gênero, sexualidade, raça/cor e classe social, operando como marcadores da diferença, sem produzir sentido isoladamente, mas apenas nas articulações efetuadas. / The focus of this thesis is the practice of rhyme duels known as freestyle battles. According to the participants, freestyle is \"rap on real-time\", and the purpose of the battles is to \"mock the other\". Based in ethnography carried out for three years in the Battle of Santa Cruz, in São Paulo, I analyse how the literary-musical and performance aspects blur the border between insult and joke, enabling the staging of conflicts and setting what could be called a \"economy of difference\". In these disputes, improvisators mobilize categories such as gender, sexuality, race/colour and social class, operating as difference setters, without any meaning if viewed isolately, but exclusively in the articulations that are produced.

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Inom musikalisk improvisation finns mycket litteratur som tar upp metoder för att utveckla sig som improvisatör. Jag upplever att det i ämnet finns en tvetydig diskurs i huruvida musikern ska bygga sin egen röst gentemot att influeras av andra. I denna studie vill jag hämta inspiration från tre solister vars spel jag ser upp till, genom att lyssna på och lära mig solona (planka), samt skriva ner (transkribera) och analysera vilket språk och vilka improvisationsmetoder solisterna använder i sitt spel. Med hjälp av både litteratur inom improvisationsmetodik och intervjuer med musiker och pedagoger inom jazz hoppas jag få djupare förståelse och komma närmare ett svar på frågan: Är plankning och transkription bra metoder för att bli en bättre improvisatör? I denna studie har jag kommit fram till att plankning och transkription bidrar till nya influenser och tvingar en utanför sin bekvämlighetszon. Dessa metoder är bra komplement till att öva upp sin egen röst. Genom analys och inövning utvecklas nya verktyg att använda i sitt musicerande. Jag anser att man måste få influenser utifrån för att få idéer i sitt eget skapande. Att endast blicka in i sig själv för att hitta inspiration hämmar förståelsen för andra musiker, och förmågan att musicera och improvisera med andra musiker påverkas därefter. Att planka och transkribera för mycket kan dock hämma ens egna musikaliska idéer. Ju mer välutvecklad ens inre röst och instrumentala kunskaper är, desto mer receptiv är man för att hämta inspiration från andra musiker.

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<p>Låt 1-6, kompositör: David Bennet</p><p>Medverkande:</p><p>David Bennet - Altsaxofon</p><p>Niklas Barnö - Trumpet</p><p>Guto Lucena - Tenorsaxofon</p><p>Mauritz Agnas - Kontrabas</p><p>Andreas Pettersson - Trummor</p>

The objective of this study was to see if practicing a lick on the chromatic harmonica could influence or inspire my playing on the diatonic harmonica, and vice versa. The licks I practiced were all in the style of Western Swing. To answer this, I used the following research questions: In what ways can practicing the chromatic harmonica make me a better diatonic harmonica player and vice versa? What are the similarities and differences between the diatonic and the chromatic harmonica in the context of playing Western Swing? What possibilities and limitations does each instrument have when playing Western Swing? The method I used was to record my practicing process and to record two different versions of three tunes. On these three recordings I improvised using both diatonic and chromatic harmonicas. The results showed that, though the differences between the instruments are significant, there is enough common ground to enable an exchange of ideas. The differences were not an obstacle, but a means to find new ways of playing a certain lick. These new ways could then be applied to the other harmonica, creating new variations on licks that I would not have come up with otherwise. Playing the same lick on the two different instruments proved to be an efficient way to learn more about both instruments. Through my method, I was able to become my own teacher and my own muse. I also discovered two distinct sides of me, the chromatic me and the diatonic me.

Orientador: Márcia Maria Strazzacappa Hernandez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VilasBoas_Priscilla_M.pdf: 2145338 bytes, checksum: 0f9ed54958a03c02b1f62a009f8d25d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa versa sobre a improvisação como proposta de iniciação à dança com crianças entre sete e dez anos de idade. Por meio da etnografia, estuda e analisa aulas de dança por mim ministradas na Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística de São Paulo/SP, usando como recorte o ano de 2011. A partir do conceito de experiência de Jorge Larrosa Bondía, discute sobre procedimentos metodológicos que possibilitem a participação efetiva da criança na elaboração de seu próprio aprendizado em dança. Para o aprofundamento do estudo sobre a improvisação como forma de aprimorar as habilidades físicas e as capacidades sensíveis e criativas da criança, traz como referencial teórico pesquisadores que estudam a fenomenologia (Machado 2010), a educação em dança (Strazzacappa, 2001, 2006) e a improvisação (Gouvêa 2012). As aulas de dança pautadas na improvisação mostraram que é possível proporcionar às crianças um denso conhecimento em dança e a construção de uma experiência estética autoral. / Abstract: This research deals with improvisation as proposed initiation to dance with children between seven and ten years old. Through ethnography, studies and analyzes dance classes taught by me at the Municipal School of Art Initiation of São Paulo / SP, using as clipping the year 2011. From the concept of experience Bondia Jorge Larrosa, discusses methodological procedures which enable the effective participation of children in constructing their own learning in dance. To deepen the study of improvisation as a way to enhance the physical abilities and capacities sensitive and creative child brings as theoretical researchers studying phenomenology (Machado 2010), education in dance (Strazzacappa, 2001, 2006) and improvisation (Gouvea 2012). Dance classes in guided improvisation showed that it is possible to give children a dense knowledge in dance and the construction of an aesthetic experience copyright. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestra em Educação

Orientador: Verônica Fabrini Machado de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gramolelli_MarianaGambiniDamasceno_M.pdf: 3466325 bytes, checksum: c765a24526c45ed3f00a523f762764dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho aponta diálogos possíveis entre desenhos e esculturas, obras e artistas, dentro de seus processos de criação. Ele foi construído a partir do olhar de artista, o olhar sensível de quem trabalha com ambas as linguagens e conta com a experiência da arte-educação em museus. Amilcar de Castro, Ester Grinspum e Paulo Monteiro são artistas significativos no meu processo de aprendizagem e de relevância no cenário artístico nacional. Trata-se de uma escolha afetiva, mas referendada por exposições onde figuraram juntos. Castro trabalhava a escultura a partir do desenho projetivo, criava a forma bidimensional, recortava-a e estudava maneiras de tridimensionalizá-la a partir do corte e da dobra. Uma geometria sensível domava a rigidez de formas geométricas elementares. Esta mesma geometria era refletida em seus desenhos, ora feitos à régua, ora incorporando o vigor do gesto onde a forma aquiescia o ritmo do corpo. Grinspum possui uma poética traçada na materialização de conceitos. Desenho e escultura dão origem um ao outro através de formas fechadas que engendram o lugar privilegiado das significações. Em ambas linguagens, transita entre o orgânico e o geométrico numa escolha por formas depuradas enlaçadas a uma linha de respiração, de amolecimento. Em Monteiro, escultura e desenho são criados no embate do gesto com a matéria. A organicidade que permeia toda obra traduz a força vital que lhe é aplicada no momento da criação. Através do risco ele reordena massas de um espaço interno, sejam as do plano do papel ou as amorfas da argila. Entre as linguagens percebemos a migração de características de forma, matéria, tempo e espacialidades. Sem a preocupação de uma teoria geral ou mesmo de tentar esgotar as possibilidades, o que temos são estudos de casos dentro da obra destes artistas a partir da década de 90 / Abstract: This work shows dialogs that may exist between drawings and sculptures, works and artists inside their process of creation. It has been built by the look of the artist, the sensible look of someone who works with both languages and reckons upon the experience of art-education in museums. Amilcar de Castro, Ester Grinspum, and Paulo Monteiro are significant artists in my process of apprenticeship, and prominent in the national art scenario. An affective choice is at stake, but it has been countersigned by expositions in which they figure together. Castro used to mould the sculpture from the projective drawing, create the two-dimensional form, cut it, and then reflected upon ways of three-dimensioning it by cutting and folding. A sensible geometry overcame the rigidity of the elementary geometrical forms. The same geometry was reflected in his drawings, which were sometimes made by ruler, sometimes incorporating the strength of the gesture in which the form acquiesced the rhythm of the body. Grinspum, a poetics delineated in the materialization of concepts. Drawing and sculpture give rise to one another through closed forms which engender the privileged place of significations. In both languages, she transits among the organic and the geometric in order to choose the elementary forms, enlaced to a breath line, a softening line. In Monteiro, sculpture and drawing are created by the clash between the gesture and the matter. The organity which permeates the whole work expresses the vital force that is applied to it in the moment of creation. Through the stroke he rearranges masses of an internal place, even the ones of the paper?s ground or the clay?s amorphous. Among the languages we may perceive the passage of characteristics of form, matter, time, and spaciality. Without the preoccupation of a general theory, or even of trying to deplete the possibilities, what we have are the studies of cases inside the work of these artists from the nineties on / Mestrado / Artes / Mestre em Artes

Improvisation är en form av musicerande där musik skapas i stunden utifrån uppsatta regler och ramar. Denna form av musicerande ses av flera som ett glädjefullt och intressant sätt att musicera då det tillåter spontant musikaliskt uttryck. Det finns dock de som har negativa erfarenheter av improvisation då det kan ses som abstrakt och skrämmande på grund av dess oförutsägbarhet. Flertalet forskare lyfter de positiva effekter som kunskaper inom improvisation kan ge. Denna studie undersöker därför hur ett glädjefullt förhållande till improvisationsmusicerande kan skapas och ställer då frågan: Vilka faktorer möjliggör upplevelsen av glädje under ett lärande av jazzimprovisation?I bakgrunden presenteras olika sätt att definiera improvisation samt belyser teorier kring lärarande av improvisation. Bakgrunden lyfter också affektteorier hämtade från utvecklingspsykologi och musikpsykologi vilka har använts som teoretiskt perspektiv. Studien har skett genom att genomföra kvalitativa intervjuer med tre yrkesverksamma jazzmusiker. Intervjuerna har haft för avsikt att undersöka intervjupersonernas upplevelser av att lära sig improvisation och därför har följande teman berörts under intervjuerna: Intervjupersonernas musikaliska bakgrund, deras erfarenhet av improvisation, deras betydelsefulla erfarenheter av improvisation, deras betydelsefulla erfarenheter av lärande av improvisation, viktiga egenskaper de ser hos en improvisatör och viktiga egenskaper de ser hos den som undervisar i improvisation. I analysen av det insamlade materialet från intervjuerna kom fem teman fram som kan ses som möjliggörande faktorer till att improvisera glädjefullt vilka är: Tryggt sammanhang, Inspiration, Redskap och nycklar, Utmaningar och slutligen Reflektion. De teman som framkom i analysen visade sig också ha skett under formella undervisningsformer, i informella former av musicerande och i gränslandet mellan det formella och det informella vilket tas upp i denna uppsats diskussionskapitel. / Improvisation is a form of music making where music is created in the moment based on set rules and frameworks. This form of musicianship is seen by many as a joyful and interesting way of music making as it allows for spontaneous musical expression. However, there are those who have negative experiences of improvisation as it can be seen as abstract and frightening because of its unpredictability. Most researchers highlight the positive effects that knowledge of improvisation can have. This study explores the possibility of creating a joyful relationship with improvisation and then asks the question: What factors enable the experience of joy during a learning of jazz improvisation?The background chapter presents different ways of defining improvisation as well as highlighting theories around the learning of improvisation. The background also highlights theories on affects derived from developmental psychology and music psychology, which have been used as theoretical perspectives. The study was conducted by conducting qualitative interviews with three professional jazz musicians. The interviews intended to investigate the interviewees’ experiences of learning improvisation, addressing the following themes: the interviewees’ musical background, their experience of improvisation, their important experiences of improvisation, the important experiences of learning improvisation, important characteristics with an improviser and important characteristics they see in the person who teaches improvisation. In the analysis, five themes emerged that can be seen as enabling factors for improvising with joy: Safe context, Inspiration, Tools and keys, Challenges and finally Reflection. The themes that emerged from the analysis also turned out to have occurred during formal and in informal forms of learning and in in the borderline between the formal and the informal which is discussed in this essay's discussion chapter.