Hoy en día, las MYPES tienen un rol muy importante en todas las sociedades del mundo debido a su enorme potencial para desarrollarse, sin embargo, este sector presenta algunas limitaciones estructurales que limitan su sostenibilidad reduciendo su tasa de supervivencia. Esta situación las obliga a ser más flexibles y adaptarse rápida y eficientemente a los cambios del mercado. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar y demostrar la importancia de mantener los niveles de servicios óptimos dentro de una MYPE comercializadora de superalimentos que terceriza su proceso de producción, con el fin de evitar impactos económicos negativos que se encuentren vinculados a su proceso logístico. De la misma manera, se presenta una propuesta de mejora considerando los componentes de Gestión por Proceso y Políticas de Inventarios, las cuales son desarrolladas mediante las herramientas de BPM (Business Process Management), pronóstico de la demanda, stocks de seguridad e inventarios cíclicos. La aplicación integrada de estas herramientas permitirá incrementar la eficiencia de los procesos y el nivel de servicio evitando problemas como la entrega de pedidos incompletos, las cancelaciones por falta de stock y fallas en los productos; por ende, las pérdidas de ventas y pago de penalidades por incumplimiento. / Nowadays, MSEs play a very important role in all societies around the world due to their enormous potential for development; however, this sector has some structural limitations that limit its sustainability and reduce its survival rate. This situation forces them to be more flexible and to adapt quickly and efficiently to market changes. In this sense, the purpose of this research is to analyze and demonstrate the importance of maintaining optimal service levels within a superfood marketing MSE that outsources its production process, in order to avoid negative economic impacts that are linked to its logistics process. In the same way, an improvement proposal is presented considering the components of Process Management and Inventory Policies, which are developed through the tools of BPM (Business Process Management), demand forecasting, safety stocks and cyclic inventories. The integrated application of these tools will increase the efficiency of the processes and the level of service, avoiding problems such as the delivery of incomplete orders, cancellations due to lack of stock and product failures; therefore, the loss of sales and payment of penalties for noncompliance. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The highly variable demand of fast fashion causes retailers in the industry to face large uncertainties when allocating initial inventory batches across multiple locations. Further into the selling season, inventory imbalances might arise as an effect of deviations from expected demand. To mitigate these imbalances, retailers can make use of lateral transshipments of inventory from locations with excess stock to those facing the risk of a stockout. Such transshipments require models for determining what and how much to ship as well as when to ship it. This thesis investigates how such a model can be applied on replenishment warehouse level in a fast-fashion retail setting. The research was conducted through a quantitative case study at Hennes & Mauritz (H&M), one of the largest fast-fashion retailers in the world. An appropriate existing transshipment model based on the concept of service level was identified and adjusted to suit the characteristics of H&M. In contrast to the vast majority of models in literature, empirical probability distributions were used for dynamically modelling short-term demand. The proposed model was evaluated and found to suggest transshipments yielding significant revenue increase driven by lowered price reductions. This thesis differs from existing literature by providing a unique case-study of how a transshipment model can be applied in practice and how it performs on empirical data from one of the largest fast-fashion retailers in the world. / Den kraftigt varierande efterfrågan på snabbt mode gör att aktörer i branschen står inför stora osäkerheter vid initiala lagerallokeringar. Längre in i försäljningscykeln kan lagerobalanser uppstå till följd av avvikelser från den förväntade efterfrågan. För att hantera obalanserna kan företag flytta lager från de regioner med lageröverskott till de som i närtid riskerar att få slut i lager. Sådana flyttar kräver modeller för att avgöra vad och hur mycket som ska flyttas samt när det ska flyttas. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur en sådan modell kan appliceras inom branschen för snabbt mode. Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ fallstudie i samarbete med Hennes & Mauritz (H&M), en av världens största aktörer inom snabbmodebranschen. En lämplig existerande modell som baseras på konceptet om servicenivå identifierades och anpassades efter H&M:s egenskaper. Till skillnad från majoriteten av modeller i literature användes empiriska sannolikhetsfördelningar för att dynamiskt modellera kortsiktig efterfrågan. Den föreslagna modellen utvärderades och visades föreslå flyttar som genererar signifikanta intäktsökningar drivet av lägre prisnedsättningar. Denna studie skiljer sig från existerande litteratur genom sitt bidrag med en unik fallstudie av hur en modell för lagerflyttar kan appliceras i praktiken samt hur den presterar på empirisk data från en av världens största snabbmodeaktörer.

This thesis work aims to improve the stock management system of Excillum AB, a Stockholm-based company that specializes in high-performance X-ray sources. The current stock management system has limitations, resulting in gaps when managing the inventory. To address this, the study focuses on developing a calculation model that takes into account various factors such as the global supply chain, customer expectations, service offerings, and financial concerns. The research questions revolve around understanding best practices in stock management from other companies, considerations for stock selection and ordering decisions, and additional parameters to ensure accurate safety stock calculations. The research involves carrying out a literature review, benchmarking practices from other organizations, analyzing Excillum's transaction data, and developing a reliable calculation model. However, some limitations exist, such as relying on Excel for calculations rather than changing values within the ERP system, which reduces demand projection accuracy due to high product customization. Human factors and unavoidable supply chain disruptions are not specifically addressed in the recommended approach. The proposed calculation model aims to improve stock management efficiency, ensure product availability, reduce stockouts, and ultimately contribute to Excillum's growth goals while meeting customer demands. Excillum can optimize stock levels and streamline inventory management by incorporating best practices and taking into account critical factors, establishing the way for long-term success and improved customer satisfaction. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att förbättra lagerhanteringssystemet för Excillum AB, ett Stockholmsbaserat företag som är specialiserat på högpresterande röntgenkällor. Det nuvarande lagerhanteringssystemet har begränsningar, vilket resulterar i luckor vid hanteringen av lagret. För att komma till rätta med detta fokuserar studien på att utveckla en beräkningsmodell som tar hänsyn till olika faktorer såsom den globala leveranskedjan, kundernas förväntningar, tjänsteerbjudanden och ekonomiska problem. Forskningsfrågorna kretsar kring att förstå bästa praxis inom lagerhantering från andra företag, överväganden för aktieval och beställningsbeslut och ytterligare parametrar för att säkerställa korrekta beräkningar av säkerhetslager. Forskningen innebär att man genomför en litteraturgenomgång, benchmarking praxis från andra organisationer, analyserar Excillumstransaktionsdata och utvecklar en tillförlitlig beräkningsmodell. Det finns dock vissa begränsningar, som att förlita sig på Excel för beräkningar snarare än att ändra värden inom ERP-systemet, vilket minskar noggrannheten i efterfrågeprojekteringen på grund av hög produktanpassning. Mänskliga faktorer och oundvikliga störningar i försörjningskedjan behandlas inte specifikt i den rekommenderade metoden. Den föreslagna beräkningsmodellen syftar till att förbättra lagerhanteringseffektiviteten, säkerställa produkttillgänglighet, minska lagerutbudet och i slutändan bidra till Excillumstillväxtmål samtidigt som kundernas krav tillgodoses. Excillum kan optimera lagernivåer och effektivisera lagerhantering genom att införliva bästa praxis och ta hänsyn till kritiska faktorer, etablera vägen för långsiktig framgång och förbättrad kundnöjdhet.

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Service quality has always been a tacit assumption within the delivery of academic library services, but since the 1990s demands for accountability from different stakeholders, including the clients, made service quality a highly debated and researched focus in academic libraries all over the world. The scope of the study covers a wide-ranging analysis of discourses underpinning service quality and its accompanying performance indicators in academic libraries. Using the academic library of the University of South Africa as an illustrative case study, this study examines the possible impact of inventory control on the service quality of the academic library in three areas, namely access to information resources, retrieval of information resources and positive implications for sound financial management. The study's findings all point to a positive enhancement of service quality in regard to the three areas mentioned. / Information Science / M. Inf.

Service quality has always been a tacit assumption within the delivery of academic library services, but since the 1990s demands for accountability from different stakeholders, including the clients, made service quality a highly debated and researched focus in academic libraries all over the world. The scope of the study covers a wide-ranging analysis of discourses underpinning service quality and its accompanying performance indicators in academic libraries. Using the academic library of the University of South Africa as an illustrative case study, this study examines the possible impact of inventory control on the service quality of the academic library in three areas, namely access to information resources, retrieval of information resources and positive implications for sound financial management. The study's findings all point to a positive enhancement of service quality in regard to the three areas mentioned. / Information Science / M. Inf.

Aujourd'hui, les systèmes industriels deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Cette complexité est due d’une part à la structure du système qui ne se résume pas à des structures classiques en fiabilité, d’autre part à la prise en compte de composants présentant des phénomènes de dégradation graduelle que des systèmes de monitoring permettent de surveiller. Ceci mène à l'objectif de cette thèse portant sur le développement des stratégies de maintenance prévisionnelle pour des systèmes multi-composants complexes. Les politiques envisagées proposent notamment des stratégies de regroupement de composants permettant de tirer des dépendances économiques identifiées. Des facteurs d'importance permettant de prendre en compte la structure du système et la dépendance économique sont développés et combinés avec les évaluations de fiabilité prévisionnelle des composants pour l’élaboration de règles de décision de regroupement. De plus, un couplage des règles de décision de maintenance et de gestion des stocks est également étudié. L’ensemble des études menées montrent l’intérêt de la prise en compte de la fiabilité prévisionnelle des composants, des dépendances économiques et de la structure complexe du système dans l'aide à la décision de maintenance et de gestion des stocks. L’avantage des stratégies développées est vérifié en les comparant à d’autres existantes dans la littérature / Today, industrial systems become more and more complex. The complexity is due partly to the structure of the system that cannot be reduced to classic structure reliability (series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc), secondly the consideration of components with gradual degradation phenomena that can be monitored. This leads to the main purpose of this thesis on the development of predictive maintenance strategies for complex multi-component systems. The proposed policies provide maintenance grouping strategies to take advantage of the economic dependence between components. The predictive reliability of components and importance measures allowing taking into account the structure of the system and economic dependence are developed to construct the grouping decision rules. Moreover, a joint decision rule for maintenance and spare parts provisioning is also studied.All the conducted studies show the interest in the consideration of the predictive reliability of components, economic dependencies as well as complex structure of the system in maintenance decisions and spare parts provisioning. The advantage of the developed strategies is confirmed by comparing with the other existing strategies in the literature

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o controle patrimonial dos bens permanentes da UTFPR, em seus 13 campi, como uma ferramenta de Governança Pública. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se: compreender os princípios da Administração Pública e os princípios da Governança Pública; descrever os procedimentos, as tecnologias e os recursos empregados no controle patrimonial da UTFPR; verificar o atendimento dos princípios da Governança Pública pelo controle patrimonial da UTFPR; e, por fim, propor soluções para o aperfeiçoamento da atividade de controle patrimonial na UTFPR com base nos princípios da prestação de contas e transparência da Governança Pública. Por serem destinados ao atendimento de um interesse coletivo, os recursos públicos devem ser administrados de forma a maximizar os benefícios à coletividade, observando os princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Para que os atos administrativos não se afastem de tal liame foram instituídos os mecanismos de controle interno e externo. O controle patrimonial é um tipo de controle interno que permite a manutenção de informações atualizadas acerca dos bens públicos permanentes, tais como, as informações sobre a aquisição, responsável pela carga patrimonial e os registros de baixa patrimonial. Para o atendimento dos objetivos do estudo optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante a técnica do estudo de caso. Foram identificados 21 servidores responsáveis pelo controle patrimonial atuantes nos 13 campi da UTFPR. Ainda foram identificados três servidores que contribuem com a atividade de controle patrimonial. Foram empregados questionários, análise documental e a análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Como método de exame dos materiais coletados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Ficou demonstrado que o controle patrimonial de bens permanentes da UTFPR não é, atualmente, uma ferramenta de Governança Pública, tendo em vista a inexistência de transparência no que tange ao controle patrimonial. Da mesma forma, o atendimento ao princípio da prestação de contas encontra-se prejudicado, pois não são disponibilizados dados analíticos acerca dos bens que compõem o patrimônio da UTFPR. Por outro lado, as informações disponibilizadas de maneira sintética nos relatórios de gestão não encontram lastro com a realidade, tendo em vista que os inventários patrimoniais não são realizados em alguns campi. Como forma de superar tais desafios propõe-se a realização de treinamentos, a elaboração de normas acerca do controle patrimonial, o estudo da possibilidade da adoção de novas tecnologias e a realização efetiva dos inventários nos campi. / The overall objective of this study is to analyze asset tracking of permanent property belonging to UTFPR, in all of its 13 campuses, as an Public Governance tool. The specific objectives were: to understand the principles of Public Administration and principles of Public Governance; describe the procedures, technologies and resources employed in asset tracking at UTFPR; attest that the principles of Public Governance through asset tracking at UTFPR have been observed; and lastly, propose solutions to improve the activity of asset tracking at UTFPR based on the principles of accountability and transparency of Public Governance. Because they are intended to meet a collective interest, public resources must be administered so as to maximize the benefits to the collectivity, abiding by the principles of legality, impersonality, morality, disclosure and efficiency. Internal and external control mechanisms have been implemented to prevent administrative acts from straying from this ideal. Asset tracking is a type of internal control that makes it possible to maintain updated information on permanent public assets, such as information on acquisition, asset record keeping and records on asset write-offs. To meet the objectives of the study, it was decided upon the qualitative research study method using the case study technique. A total of 21 servants were identified as responsible for asset tracking at the 13 UTFPR campuses. Another three servants were identified as contributing to the activity of asset tracking. The study used surveys, documental analysis, and analysis of technological devices. Content analysis was used as the method to examine collected materials. It was demonstrated that permanent asset tracking at UTFPR is currently not an efficient tool of Public Governance, considering the non-existence of transparency with regard to asset tracking. Likewise, the fulfillment of the principle of compliance has been compromised, as analytical data are not provided regarding the goods that comprise the assets of UTFPR. Moreover, the information provided in shortened format in management reports does not reflect reality, considering that inventories are not carried out in some campuses. In order to overcome these challenges, proposals include training, creation of norms regarding asset tracking, studies on the possibility of adopting new technologies, and effectively performing inventories in the campuses.

Este trabalho considera uma cadeia de suprimentos (CS) que opera com logística reversa. A modelagem da CS foi adaptada de um modelo de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM) da literatura que maximiza o valor presente líquido (VPL) esperado para o caso de uma empresa brasileira. Esta adaptação considera uma CS de menor complexidade, com um número menor de nós e produtos em relação à aplicação da literatura. A estrutura da CS considerada é formada por duas fábricas, dois centros de distribuição, dois pontos varejistas e quatro mercados consumidores, assim como fluxos de transporte direto e reverso de produtos. A modelagem da CS considera ainda incertezas na demanda e cenários com e sem tributação. Os resultados mostram os fluxos de transporte de produtos no sentido direto e reverso, estoques ao longo da CS, assim como aspectos econômicos segundo regras tributárias e incentivos fiscais. Estes aspectos econômicos são utilizados para justificar o investimento na logística reversa. Embora a incerteza na demanda altere o VPL esperado, que é maior quando cenários otimistas de demanda são considerados, resultados obtidos para diversos cenários de demanda mostram que esta alteração não é significativa. / This dissertation considers a supply chain (SC) with reverse logistics. The SC modeling has been modified for a Brazilian company from a MILP model which maximizes the expected net present value (NPV) found in the literature. This modification considers a low complexity SC with fewer number of nodes and products than the application of the literature.The SC structure is composed by two factories, two warehouses, two retailers, and four markets as well as direct and reverse flows of products. The SC modeling also considers demand uncertainty and cenarios with and without taxes. The results show direct and reverse flows of products, inventories, and economic aspects according to tax rules and incentives. These economic aspects are used to justify the investment in reverse logistics. Although the demand uncertainty changes the expected NPV, which is big for cenarios with optimistic demand, the results obtained for several cenarios of demand show that the expected NPV is not quite affected.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o controle patrimonial dos bens permanentes da UTFPR, em seus 13 campi, como uma ferramenta de Governança Pública. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se: compreender os princípios da Administração Pública e os princípios da Governança Pública; descrever os procedimentos, as tecnologias e os recursos empregados no controle patrimonial da UTFPR; verificar o atendimento dos princípios da Governança Pública pelo controle patrimonial da UTFPR; e, por fim, propor soluções para o aperfeiçoamento da atividade de controle patrimonial na UTFPR com base nos princípios da prestação de contas e transparência da Governança Pública. Por serem destinados ao atendimento de um interesse coletivo, os recursos públicos devem ser administrados de forma a maximizar os benefícios à coletividade, observando os princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Para que os atos administrativos não se afastem de tal liame foram instituídos os mecanismos de controle interno e externo. O controle patrimonial é um tipo de controle interno que permite a manutenção de informações atualizadas acerca dos bens públicos permanentes, tais como, as informações sobre a aquisição, responsável pela carga patrimonial e os registros de baixa patrimonial. Para o atendimento dos objetivos do estudo optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante a técnica do estudo de caso. Foram identificados 21 servidores responsáveis pelo controle patrimonial atuantes nos 13 campi da UTFPR. Ainda foram identificados três servidores que contribuem com a atividade de controle patrimonial. Foram empregados questionários, análise documental e a análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Como método de exame dos materiais coletados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Ficou demonstrado que o controle patrimonial de bens permanentes da UTFPR não é, atualmente, uma ferramenta de Governança Pública, tendo em vista a inexistência de transparência no que tange ao controle patrimonial. Da mesma forma, o atendimento ao princípio da prestação de contas encontra-se prejudicado, pois não são disponibilizados dados analíticos acerca dos bens que compõem o patrimônio da UTFPR. Por outro lado, as informações disponibilizadas de maneira sintética nos relatórios de gestão não encontram lastro com a realidade, tendo em vista que os inventários patrimoniais não são realizados em alguns campi. Como forma de superar tais desafios propõe-se a realização de treinamentos, a elaboração de normas acerca do controle patrimonial, o estudo da possibilidade da adoção de novas tecnologias e a realização efetiva dos inventários nos campi. / The overall objective of this study is to analyze asset tracking of permanent property belonging to UTFPR, in all of its 13 campuses, as an Public Governance tool. The specific objectives were: to understand the principles of Public Administration and principles of Public Governance; describe the procedures, technologies and resources employed in asset tracking at UTFPR; attest that the principles of Public Governance through asset tracking at UTFPR have been observed; and lastly, propose solutions to improve the activity of asset tracking at UTFPR based on the principles of accountability and transparency of Public Governance. Because they are intended to meet a collective interest, public resources must be administered so as to maximize the benefits to the collectivity, abiding by the principles of legality, impersonality, morality, disclosure and efficiency. Internal and external control mechanisms have been implemented to prevent administrative acts from straying from this ideal. Asset tracking is a type of internal control that makes it possible to maintain updated information on permanent public assets, such as information on acquisition, asset record keeping and records on asset write-offs. To meet the objectives of the study, it was decided upon the qualitative research study method using the case study technique. A total of 21 servants were identified as responsible for asset tracking at the 13 UTFPR campuses. Another three servants were identified as contributing to the activity of asset tracking. The study used surveys, documental analysis, and analysis of technological devices. Content analysis was used as the method to examine collected materials. It was demonstrated that permanent asset tracking at UTFPR is currently not an efficient tool of Public Governance, considering the non-existence of transparency with regard to asset tracking. Likewise, the fulfillment of the principle of compliance has been compromised, as analytical data are not provided regarding the goods that comprise the assets of UTFPR. Moreover, the information provided in shortened format in management reports does not reflect reality, considering that inventories are not carried out in some campuses. In order to overcome these challenges, proposals include training, creation of norms regarding asset tracking, studies on the possibility of adopting new technologies, and effectively performing inventories in the campuses.