Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une dynamique de recherche qui seulement récemment a commencé à remettre en discussion une doxa de l'historiographie théâtrale un peu simpliste: dans le contexte italien, l'avènement de la mise en scène moderne serait un phénomène tardif, par rapport à d'autres Pays, comme par exemple l'Allemagne, la France, la Russie. Ce « retard » trouverait son origine dans la persistance d'une tradition autoréférentielle de l'acteur. Le système dans lequel il se produit - un système de troupes nomades, en l'absence d'un pôle théâtral hégémonique comme pouvait l'être Paris pour la France - serait inévitablement réfractaire à l'intrusion d'une figure artistique perçue comme étrangère: le metteur en scène. Il faudrait attendre l'après-guerre pour assister en Italie à l'affirmation de ce qu'on appelle la regìa. Ce lieu commun de l'historiographie a véhiculé une série d'équivoques et d'approximations qui aplatissent un phénomène comme l'affirmation de la mise en scène moderne, nourrissant ainsi un discours téléologique de progrès qualitatif.Une série de recherches menées à partir des années 2000 nous invite cependant à considérer la mise en scène comme un aspect de l'art théâtral dans toute sa complexité. Des concepts comme ceux de proto-regia (proto-mise en scène, Perrelli, 2005), de continuité/discontinuité (Sarrazac-Consolini, 2010), montrent les limites d'une définition univoque de cet art. Sous cette lumière, le contexte italien apparaît alors comme un terrain en friche. Une étude récente a justement montré la sensibilité du système italien envers l'œuvre des maîtres européens de la scène, en tournée dans la Péninsule entre 1911 et 1940 (Schino, 2008).Nous nous proposons alors de revenir d'une part sur la construction de l'idée du « retard », et sur les raisons qui ont fait de la mise en scène un véritable graal, d'une autre part nous souhaitons souligner de quelle façon cet art émerge en Italie justement à partir de la présupposée cause du retard: l'acteur. L'avènement de la mise en scène ne serait donc pas une épiphanie brusque, mais un art qui s'exprime de manière différente, selon le modus operandi des artistes et en fonction des caractéristiques du système théâtral. / This doctoral thesis challenges the simplistic doxa in theatre historiography that views genesis of theatre direction in Italy as a late phenomenon in comparison to other countries such as Germany, France, and Russia. This “delay” is thought to be due to the actor’s persistent self-referential tradition. According to the doxa, the Italian theatre system would have been resistant to the introduction of the new role of director, which was perceived as extraneous. This situation would have been caused in Italy by the popularity of wandering companies and the absence of a dominant theatrical focal point such as Paris was in France. The phenomenon of a strictly speaking regìa would have only emerged after the Second World War. This view has led to a series of misinterpretations and misunderstandings that oversimplify the phenomenon of the development of modern direction, favouring a teleological argument of qualitative progress. However, a number of studies carried out from the 2000’s encourage us to consider the direction as a complex aspect of the theatrical art. Concepts such as ‘proto-direction’ (Perrelli, 2005) and continuity/discontinuity (Sarrazac-Consolini, 2010), show the limits of an univocal definition of this art. In light of these studies, the Italian panorama appears as an uncharted territory. A recent study of the European directors’ tours in Italy for the years from the 1911 to 1940, has actually demonstrated the Italian system’s responsiveness (Schino, 2008).My research investigates the origin of the concept of “delay”, and the reasons by which theatre direction in Italy came to be considered by scholars as some sort of grail. I also highlight how direction in Italy emerges from the main source of the supposed delay itself: the actor. Indeed, the appearance of theatre direction is not abrupt; but rather a multifaceted art, which changes according to artists’ modus operandi and is dependent on the characteristics of the theatrical system.

A presente pesquisa versa sobre a reconstrução da etnicidade italiana na arena turística da comunidade do Distrito de São Pedro, zona rural do município de Bento Gonçalves - RS, buscando demonstrar o processo de reconstrução da etnicidade através das influências que essa pode receber do turismo. Sendo assim, busca-se analisar como influências internas e externas que a cultura de um determinado grupo pode sofrer, demonstrando a dinamicidade dos traços culturais. Além disso, trata-se da relação entre visitantes e visitados, buscando demonstrar de que maneira o turismo pode utilizar a cultura de uma sociedade como atrativo e se colabora na reconstrução da etnicidade de uma comunidade. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia da etnografia com observação participante, registro fotográfico e narrativa fotoetnográfica, tendo por objetivo perceber a etnicidade da comunidade da arena turística a partir da visão dos próprios moradores no seu cotidiano e nas suas relações com os turistas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-20T16:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rita Michelin.pdf: 3241654 bytes, checksum: 78b0418ab22540c42384200ae6c38f81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T16:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rita Michelin.pdf: 3241654 bytes, checksum: 78b0418ab22540c42384200ae6c38f81 (MD5) / The present research is about the reconstruction of the Italian ethnicity in the tourist arena of Distrito de Sao Pedro community, rural area of Bento Gonçalves - RS. It intends to demonstrate the ethnicity reconstruction process through the influences this can suffer by tourism. Thereby this research intends to analyse questions as internal and external influences that the culture of a specific group can suffer, demonstrating how dynamic the cultural traces can be. Besides that, this dissertation presents the relation between hosts and guests as a way to show in which way tourism can use a society culture as an attractive issue and how this can collaborate to the ethnicity reconstruction of a community. For that it uses the methodology of ethnography with participative observation, photographic register and photo-ethnographic narrative, aiming the ethnicity perception of this tourist arena, by the point of view of the community people themselves on their routine and their relation with the tourists.

A presente pesquisa versa sobre a reconstrução da etnicidade italiana na arena turística da comunidade do Distrito de São Pedro, zona rural do município de Bento Gonçalves - RS, buscando demonstrar o processo de reconstrução da etnicidade através das influências que essa pode receber do turismo. Sendo assim, busca-se analisar como influências internas e externas que a cultura de um determinado grupo pode sofrer, demonstrando a dinamicidade dos traços culturais. Além disso, trata-se da relação entre visitantes e visitados, buscando demonstrar de que maneira o turismo pode utilizar a cultura de uma sociedade como atrativo e se colabora na reconstrução da etnicidade de uma comunidade. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia da etnografia com observação participante, registro fotográfico e narrativa fotoetnográfica, tendo por objetivo perceber a etnicidade da comunidade da arena turística a partir da visão dos próprios moradores no seu cotidiano e nas suas relações com os turistas. / The present research is about the reconstruction of the Italian ethnicity in the tourist arena of Distrito de Sao Pedro community, rural area of Bento Gonçalves - RS. It intends to demonstrate the ethnicity reconstruction process through the influences this can suffer by tourism. Thereby this research intends to analyse questions as internal and external influences that the culture of a specific group can suffer, demonstrating how dynamic the cultural traces can be. Besides that, this dissertation presents the relation between hosts and guests as a way to show in which way tourism can use a society culture as an attractive issue and how this can collaborate to the ethnicity reconstruction of a community. For that it uses the methodology of ethnography with participative observation, photographic register and photo-ethnographic narrative, aiming the ethnicity perception of this tourist arena, by the point of view of the community people themselves on their routine and their relation with the tourists.

[EN] This thesis takes the Teatro Principal Valencia as a sample of study and raises questions to deepen the awareness of its history, architecture and acoustics. Our final objective has been to analyse and reconstruct the acoustic conditions of our theatre in different historical moments, providing a new way of approaching the Valencian architectural heritage with it. In addition to this, we intend to show the potentiality of our current tools of acoustic simulation and auralization for the study of the most widely deployed theatrical architectural typology in Europe in the seventeenth century: Italian baroque theatre. The Teatro Principal Valencia is a representative example of an Italian-style theatre because of meeting each and every formal characteristic that define this building typology. Inaugurated in the year 1832, it is the oldest theatre in Valencia and one of Spain's oldest Italian-style venues, prior even to pioneer projects of the Teatro Real de Madrid (1850), and the Gran Teatre del Liceu de Barcelona (1847). We have carried out archive research data, the screening of press, bibliographical research, as well as document consultation and compilation, planimetry and images (many of them unpublished), which have made the recovery of the history of the Valencian theatrical venue possible, blurred with the passing of time. That represented in itself an objective of this thesis, and as such it is presented in the section on results. This detailed historical study of our theatre has allowed us to select five moments in which its morphological differences could manifest changes in its acoustics: 1832, 1859, 1928, 1968, and 2015. Normalised acoustic measures have been carried out in the Teatro Principal, and we have developed three-dimensional computer models of the five selected morphologies. The current acoustic model has been adjusted with measures on-site. From the aforementioned model, volumetric, geometric measurements and absorption and/or diffusion coefficients have been introduced with the object of virtually revert each architectural intervention that our theatre has experienced, always basing ourselves on documented historical criteria. All of this has allowed us to rebuild the sonic history of the Teatro Principal Valencia, being able to compare the changes that its acoustic parameters have experienced in more than 180 years of its life. As a key outcome to this thesis, the geometrical model of the Teatro Principal has been studied thoroughly on its graphics realism through the use of texturization techniques and virtual photorealistic rendering, achieving a model that can experiment on auralizations in a striking immersive graphic environment (CAVE, PowerWall, etc.), opening the door to new lines of research. / [ES] Este trabajo toma el Teatro Principal de Valencia como materia de estudio y plantea profundizar en el conocimiento de su historia, arquitectura y acústica. Nuestro objetivo final ha sido analizar y reconstruir las condiciones acústicas del teatro en diversos momentos históricos, aportando con ello una novedosa forma de acercamiento al patrimonio arquitectónico valenciano. Pretendemos, además, mostrar la potencialidad de las actuales herramientas de simulación acústica y auralización para el estudio de la tipología arquitectónica teatral más extendida en Europa desde el siglo XVII: el teatro barroco a la italiana. El Teatro Principal de Valencia es un ejemplo paradigmático de teatro a la italiana al reunir todas y cada una de las características formales que definen esta tipología edilicia. Inaugurado en el año 1832, es el decano de los teatros valencianos y uno de los recintos a la italiana en activo más antiguos de España, anterior incluso a los proyectos pioneros del Teatro Real de Madrid (1850) y del Gran Teatre del Liceu de Barcelona (1847). Hemos llevado a cabo trabajos de búsqueda en archivo, vaciados de prensa, investigación bibliográfica, así como consulta y recopilación de documentos, planimetría e imágenes (inéditas muchas de ellas) que han hecho posible la recuperación de la historia del recinto teatral valenciano, desdibujada en gran medida por el paso del tiempo. Todo ello ha constituido en sí mismo un objetivo de esta tesis, y como tal se presenta en el apartado de resultados. Este estudio histórico pormenorizado del teatro nos ha permitido seleccionar cinco momentos en los que sus diferencias morfológicas podrían poner de manifiesto cambios en su acústica: 1832, 1859, 1928, 1968 y 2015. Se han realizado medidas acústicas normalizadas en el teatro y hemos desarrollado modelos informáticos tridimensionales de las cinco morfologías seleccionadas. El modelo acústico actual ha sido ajustado con las medidas in situ. A partir de dicho modelo, se han introducido modificaciones volumétricas, geométricas y de coeficientes de absorción y/o difusión con objeto de revertir virtualmente cada una de las intervenciones arquitectónicas que ha experimentado la sala teatral, siempre basándonos en criterios históricos documentados. Todo ello nos ha permitido reconstruir la historia sonora del Teatro Principal de Valencia, pudiendo comparar los cambios que sus parámetros acústicos han experimentado en sus más de 180 años de vida. Como colofón a la tesis, se ha profundizado en el realismo gráfico del modelo geométrico del Teatro Principal actual mediante el empleo de técnicas de texturización y realidad virtual fotorrealística, habiendo conseguido un modelo que permite experimentar auralizaciones del Teatro Principal en un impactante entorno gráfico inmersivo (CAVE, ProwerWall, etc.) que abre la puerta a nuevas líneas de investigación. / [CA] Aquest treball pren el Teatre Principal de València com a matèria d'estudi i planteja aprofundir en el coneixement de la seua història, arquitectura i acústica. El nostre objectiu final ha estat analitzar i reconstruir les condicions acústiques del teatre en diversos moments històrics, aportant amb això una nova forma d' apropar-nos al patrimoni arquitectònic valencià. Pretenem, a més, mostrar la potencialitat de les actuals eines de simulació acústica i auralització per a l' estudi de la tipologia arquitectònica teatral més estesa a Europa des del segle XVII: el teatre barroc a la italiana. El Teatre Principal de València és un exemple paradigmàtic de teatre a la italiana ja que reuneix totes i cadascuna de les característiques formals que defineixen aquesta tipologia edilícia. Inaugurat l 'any 1832, es tracta del degà dels teatres valencians i un dels més antics d'Espanya, anterior fins i tot als projectes pioners del Teatro Real de Madrid (1850) i del Gran Teatre del Liceu de Barcelona (1847). Hem dut a terme treballs de recerca en arxiu, buidats de premsa, recerca bibliogràfica, així com consulta i recopilació de documents, planimetria i imatges (moltes inèdites) que han fet possible la recuperació de la història del recinte teatral valencià, desdibuixada en gran mesura pel pas del temps. Tot això ha constituït en si mateix un objectiu d' aquesta tesi, i com a tal l' hem presentat en l' apartat de resultats. Aquest estudi històric del teatre ens ha permès seleccionar cinc moments en què les seues diferències morfològiques podrien posar de manifest canvis en la seua acústica: 1832, 1859, 1928, 1968 i 2015. S'han realitzat mesures acústiques normalitzades al teatre i hem desenvolupat models informàtics tridimensionals de les cinc morfologies seleccionades. El model acústic actual ha estat ajustat amb les mesures in situ. A partir d'aquest model, s'han introduït modificacions volumètriques, geomètriques i de coeficients d'absorció i / o difusió a fi de revertir virtualment cadascuna de les intervencions arquitectòniques que ha experimentat la sala teatral, sempre basant-nos en criteris històrics documentats. Així hem pogut reconstruir la història sonora del Teatre Principal de València i comparar els canvis que els seus paràmetres acústics han experimentat al llarg de la seua vida. Com a colofó de la tesi, hem aprofundit en el realisme gràfic del model geomètric del Teatre Principal actual mitjançant l' ús de tècniques de texturització i realitat virtual fotorealística, havent desenvolupat un model que permet experimentar auralitzacions del Teatre Principal en un impactant entorn gràfic immersiu (CAVE, ProwerWall, etc.) que ens obri la porta a noves línies d' investigació. / Barba Sevillano, A. (2016). La acústica virtual como herramienta arqueológica. Historia y sonido en el Teatro Principal de Valencia [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62687

Abstract This thesis illustrates the social engagement in the literary writings of Pier Vittorio Tondelli, an Italian gay author whose works have been described by many Catholic, Materialists, and gay critics as frivolous and disengaged. The dissertation summarizes the mutation of the Italian literary concept of impegno from Neorealism to Postmodernism, through a selection of the texts of Elio Vittorini, Italo Calvino, Franco Fortini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Leonardo Sciascia, and Umberto Eco. It shows how Tondelli’s interpretation of the role of the writer falls within the definitions given by Calvino and Eco. Moreover, the thesis demonstrates that Altri libertini and Pao Pao satisfy the characteristics of littérature mineure established by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, though Tondelli’s oeuvre is socially engaged instead of being politically engaged because of his lack of a political ideology. The dissertation highlights the core of Tondelli’s social commitment in his passionate defense of the outcasts in: Altri libertini where drug addicts, homosexuals, transsexuals, and bums are the protagonists; Pao Pao where a group of gay soldiers is described in its grotesque and camp attempt to “homosexualize” their barrack; Rimini where the Riviera Adriatica is portrayed as a place where everyone passes by and no one belongs; Camere separate through the love story of a gay couple in which one partner has to survive his lover’s death, due to an illness that is demonstrated in this thesis to be AIDS, while fighting against the homophobia of their families, institutions, society, and religion. Most of Tondelli’s socially excluded characters are introduced to the reader through an internal homodiegetic point of view. Another important component of Tondelli’s impegno is his open defense of both pop-culture and counter-cultures: gay, hippies, rockers, experimental theatre, street artists and alternative radio, which are central in all his writings.

Abstract This thesis illustrates the social engagement in the literary writings of Pier Vittorio Tondelli, an Italian gay author whose works have been described by many Catholic, Materialists, and gay critics as frivolous and disengaged. The dissertation summarizes the mutation of the Italian literary concept of impegno from Neorealism to Postmodernism, through a selection of the texts of Elio Vittorini, Italo Calvino, Franco Fortini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Leonardo Sciascia, and Umberto Eco. It shows how Tondelli’s interpretation of the role of the writer falls within the definitions given by Calvino and Eco. Moreover, the thesis demonstrates that Altri libertini and Pao Pao satisfy the characteristics of littérature mineure established by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, though Tondelli’s oeuvre is socially engaged instead of being politically engaged because of his lack of a political ideology. The dissertation highlights the core of Tondelli’s social commitment in his passionate defense of the outcasts in: Altri libertini where drug addicts, homosexuals, transsexuals, and bums are the protagonists; Pao Pao where a group of gay soldiers is described in its grotesque and camp attempt to “homosexualize” their barrack; Rimini where the Riviera Adriatica is portrayed as a place where everyone passes by and no one belongs; Camere separate through the love story of a gay couple in which one partner has to survive his lover’s death, due to an illness that is demonstrated in this thesis to be AIDS, while fighting against the homophobia of their families, institutions, society, and religion. Most of Tondelli’s socially excluded characters are introduced to the reader through an internal homodiegetic point of view. Another important component of Tondelli’s impegno is his open defense of both pop-culture and counter-cultures: gay, hippies, rockers, experimental theatre, street artists and alternative radio, which are central in all his writings.

La tesi si propone di indagare l’intertestualità dantesca nell’opera volgare di Matteo Maria Boiardo. Il fenomeno è già stato oggetto di studi – indirizzati soprattutto al poema cavalleresco, e in misura minore (specie negli ultimi anni) al canzoniere lirico – che si sono mossi però nell’alveo dell’impostazione strutturalista, con una considerazione della memoria poetica da un punto di vista formalista e tipologico. Questa corrente ha consentito sviluppi importanti negli studi filologici, ma porta a vedere il fatto letterario staccato dal suo contesto di riferimento. Se questo esito in Italia è stato arginato da una forte base storicista, va detto che gli studi sulle riprese poetiche hanno però vissuto una situazione particolare. Da una parte, infatti, lo strutturalismo fra anni ’60 e ’70 ha imposto anche in Italia, attraverso una serie di importanti lavori, il suo modo di trattare la questione, senza poi che il successivo approdo semiotico incidesse in maniera significativa. Dall’altra, la reazione di chi voleva agganciare il fenomeno al dato storico ha riportato il problema all’impostazione erudita della critica delle fonti, privilegiando la raccolta dati da mettere in relazione con le informazioni sulla storia della tradizione e della circolazione. L’obbiettivo di questa tesi è fare un passo avanti, nella convinzione che per lo studio di questi fenomeni di riuso sia la circolazione manoscritta che i dati testuali e formali vadano letti in una piena prospettiva semiotica: guardare ai fenomeni di tradizione e trasmissione testuale nell’ottica dei processi ricettivi, e considerare le scelte di memoria poetica come atti comunicativi, con un valore pragmatico. La ricerca ha l’intento di giungere ad una maggior comprensione del rapporto del dotto poeta umanistico con il modello dantesco, un’interpretazione più chiara delle strategie di riuso, determinate dal particolare modo di leggere la Commedia nel contesto specifico, e perciò attraverso un preciso filtro fra quelli disponibili al tempo. Accanto all’insieme di informazioni filologiche sulle attestazioni manoscritte nelle biblioteche del tempo, l’indagine qui condotta consente – anche da un punto di vista che potremmo definire attributivo – di indicare in Benvenuto da Imola l’esegeta di riferimento per Boiardo e il suo pubblico, proprio perché l’osservazione ravvicinata dei testi e dei loro legami fa emergere questa tradizione interpretativa come la più attiva nell’elaborazione boiardesca rivolta ai lettori. Il lavoro non ha preso le mosse da un afflato teorico, teso a riconcettualizzare l’intertestualità, ma da un intento di chiarificazione sui testi e alcuni loro aspetti che non sembravano però trovare una spiegazione soddisfacente all’interno del quadro metodologico diffuso. Il lavoro, allora, ha assunto poco alla volta anche una vena metodologica sorta dall’osservazione dei fenomeni in modo nuovo. E così, accanto all’indagine storico-letteraria, e in stretta relazione con essa, è stato possibile avanzare alcune proposte ermeneutiche sui meccanismi intertestuali in base alle dinamiche della comunicazione letteraria. E nelle pagine che seguono il percorso si articola attorno a nuclei diversi ma interconnessi: da una parte la riflessione generale a carattere semiotico sui fenomeni di memoria poetica, che vengono concettualizzati grazie agli apporti di discipline come la pragmatica; segue una ricognizione storica sulle modalità di lettura e ricezione del modello dantesco – e non solo – in base alla circolazione dei testi e dei loro apparati esegetici; si arriva poi al nucleo del lavoro con l’affondo diretto su opere e paratesti esegetici con le loro relazioni, che si instaurano all’interno del laboratorio d’autore e poi da lì arrivano al pubblico.