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SOUZA, José Ailson Lemos. Howards end: o espaço nas narrativas literária e fílmica. 2012. 109f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-29T15:23:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_DIS_JALSOUSA.pdf: 1357376 bytes, checksum: 19239b4ce6783a5541487f122daf3642 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-24T11:18:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_DIS_JALSOUSA.pdf: 1357376 bytes, checksum: 19239b4ce6783a5541487f122daf3642 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-24T11:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_DIS_JALSOUSA.pdf: 1357376 bytes, checksum: 19239b4ce6783a5541487f122daf3642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This dissertation examines the construction of space in two narratives: the novel Howards End (1910), by E. M. Forster, and the homonymous film (1992), directed by James Ivory. Our hypothesis is that the film makes use of spatial elements to comment on the film genre itself: the heritage films; and so, it reformulates the initial discourse with which such narratives were related to. Thereby, the function of space in the film is different from that function used in the novel. It is, therefore, a translation strategy which places Ivory’s text in a dialectical relation with its own time, although it tries to recreate Edwardian period on screen. In order to demonstrate our interpretation, we firstly examined the space in the novel. We concluded that, in this text, the space has the following functions: to symbolically discuss the complexity of male and female genres, showing the arbitrary way by which this question was seen at the beginning of the 20th century, and the representation of the house as a place of refuge from the feeling of fragmentation in society; exterior places function as sceneries in which the deep changes brought by modernity are reflected. In the film, however, space is used to construct the aesthetics of display, a typical characteristic of heritage films, to modify the notions on English identity commonly related to these narratives. If, at the beginning, heritage films discourse attempted to redeem British imperialistic position, Ivory’s film deconstructs such attempt and indicates its impossibility. Our work is based on concepts from Descriptive Translation Studies, from polysystem theory by Even-Zohar (1990), Lefevere’s concept of rewriting, and on studies that deal with film narratives such as Vanoye & Goliot-Lété (1994), Aumont (1995), Silva (2007) and Gaudreault & Jost (2009) / A presente dissertação examina a construção do espaço em duas narrativas: o romance Howards End (1910), de E. M. Forster, e o filme Retorno a Howards End (1992), dirigido por James Ivory. Nossa hipótese é de que a narrativa fílmica serve-se de elementos espaciais para tecer comentários sobre o gênero ao qual pertence: os filmes de herança; e, assim, reformula a discussão inicial a que essas narrativas estavam atreladas. Desse modo, a função do espaço no filme difere daquela empregada no romance. Trata-se, portanto, de uma estratégia tradutória que coloca o texto de Ivory em diálogo com a sua época, apesar de buscar recriar o período eduardiano na tela. Para demonstrar a nossa interpretação, examinamos primeiramente o espaço no romance de Forster. Concluímos que, nesse texto, a construção do espaço apresenta as seguintes funções: discutir simbolicamente a complexidade dos gêneros masculino e feminino, o modo arbitrário com que a questão era percebida no início do século XX, e a representação da casa como local de refúgio contra o sentimento de fragmentação na sociedade; os espaços externos funcionam como cenário no qual refletem-se as profundas transformações trazidas pela modernidade no início do século passado. No filme, por outro lado, o espaço faz uso da estética da exposição, uma característica típica dos filmes de herança, para redimensionar a discussão sobre a identidade inglesa. Se, em seu início, o discurso do gênero em questão procurava resgatar o ideário imperialista britânico, o filme de Ivory desconstrói tal noção e aponta para a impossibilidade deste retorno. Nosso trabalho ampara-se em conceitos oriundos dos Estudos Descritivos de tradução, partindo da teoria dos polissistemas de Even-Zohar (1990), o conceito de reescritura de Lefevere (2007), e em estudos que enfocam a narrativa cinematográfica, como Vanoye & Goliot-Lété (1994), Aumont (1995), Silva (2007) e Gaudreault & Jost (2009).

L'objectif de notre thèse est d'évaluer le rôle de l'alcool et autres substances psychoactives dans la survenue et la gravité des traumatismes dus aux Accidents de la Voie Publique (AVP) en Côte d'Ivoire. Nous avons initié un recueil de données sur 893 victimes tuées ou blessées suite à un AVP, et admises aux urgences ou à l'Institut de Médecine Légale d'Abidjan. Ces données hospitalières ont été couplées aux données policières et aux résultats d'analyses toxicologiques. La méthode de dosage de l'alcoolémie par CPG-FID a démontré qu'elle répond parfaitement aux critères de performances analytiques recommandés en termes de fidélité, d'exactitude, de linéarité, de stabilité et de limite de quantification. Les niveaux d'alcoolémie chez les victimes au moment de l'AVP, sont élevés et compatibles avec un profil d'alcoolisation excessive. Plus de 75% des conducteurs alcoolisés ont une alcoolémie supérieure à 1g/L. Les prévalences d'alcoolémie au-delà de 0,8g/L sont de 41% chez les conducteurs de véhicules légers 4 roues, 35% chez les 2-roues, 17% chez les piétons et 13% chez les passagers. L'usage des autres substances psychoactives est moins fréquent chez les victimes (11%) et souvent associé à une alcoolémie supérieure à 0,8g/L. L'évaluation du risque de blessures graves (NISS9+) en fonction du degré d'alcoolisation suggère que les victimes avec une alcoolémie modérée ont un risque de blessures graves plus élevé en comparaison avec les victimes sobres (OR = 7,7; IC95% : 2,5-24,2). Au terme de cette thèse, nous proposons une procédure fiable de dosage de l'alcoolémie chez les victimes d'AVP et des mesures concrètes pour la prévention des traumatismes par AVP en Côte d'Ivoire / We implemented a data collecting process including 893 victims who died or were injured following a RTA, and were admitted to the Emergency Room or to the Forensic Institute in Abidjan. This hospital-based data was linked with police data and toxicological testing. The method developed in our laboratory for blood alcohol determination using GC-FID demonstrated a good compliance with analytical performance requirements in terms of repeatability, accuracy, linearity, stability and limit of quantification. Blood alcohol levels found in victims at the time of the RTA were compatible with an excessive alcohol intake. More than 75% of drivers with a positive alcohol test had a blood alcohol concentration greater than 1g/L. Prevalence of alcohol above 0.8g/L reaches 41% in light four-wheel drivers, 35% in two-wheel riders, 17% in pedestrian and 13% in passengers. The prevalence of psychoactive drugs was lower (11%) compared to alcohol and usually associated with blood alcohol level greater than 0.8g/L. The assessment of the risk of serious injury (NISS9+) associated to the level of blood alcohol content suggest that victims showing a moderate blood alcohol level are more at risk to sustain serious injury compared to sober victims (OR = 7.7; IC95% : 2.5 – 24.2). In conclusion, we make some practical proposals to strengthen and for facilitating the application of the current law concerning driving under the influence of alcohol. We also make recommendations for prevention of road traffic injuries in the Ivory Coast

Le complexe mafique–ultramafique lité Yacouba est intrusif au sein des granulites gneissiques du domaine archéen de Man (3,6-2,78 Ga) dans la région de Biankouma-Sipilou (ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire). Dans le secteur de Samapleu, il est composé de trois entités ; dépôt principal de Samapleu (SM), l’Extension 1 de Samapleu (E1) et l’occurrence de Yorodougou (Yo). Il comprend des horizons de webstérites, péridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites. Ces horizons (épaisseur cumulée de 80 à 200 m) sont inclinés de 70 à 80° vers le SE ; présentent une zonation concentrique, qui sont autant de caractéristiques d’un dyke ; un enracinement à plus de 600 m à partir de la surface avec une jonction des intrusions (SM, E1) plus en profondeur. Les contacts avec l’encaissant gneissique (localement site E1) sont marqués par une zone hybride (condition P = 7,5±1Kbar et T = 850°C ± 100°C) interprétées comme le résultat d'un métamorphisme de contact lors de la mise en place de l’intrusion en base de croûte à environ 22 km de profondeur. Les gneiss et granulites du socle, tout comme les faciès de la zone hybride, préservent des âges archéens (~2,78 Ga, U-Pb sur zircon). Des cristaux de rutile observés dans la zone hybride révèlent un âge U-Pb de 2,09 Ga interprété comme l'âge du métamorphisme de contact et donc de la mise en place de l'intrusion.La minéralisation en Ni-Cu (essentiellement disséminée avec des veines sulfurées subverticales semi-massives à massives) est composée de pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, rarement pyrite. La texture des sulfures varie de matricielle, en filets, en gouttelettes, ou brèchique. Les réserves estimées des dépôts de Samapleu (SM et E1) font plus de 40 millions de tonnes à une teneur moyenne de 0,25% Ni et 0,22% Cu dans la partie supérieure des intrusions (Sama Nickel-CI, Août 2013). Des MGP riches en palladium (Pd) sont associés aux sulfures et plusieurs bandelettes de chromite sont également présentes. Ces observations suggèrent un liquide sulfuré immiscible formé à partir du liquide silicaté initial consécutivement à la saturation en soufre du système. Ces sulfures d’origine essentiellement mantellique ont été probablement formés par injection de plusieurs magmas. Cependant une partie de ces sulfures aurait pu se former par l’assimilation des roches granulitiques encaissantes.La composition du liquide parent révèle une composition de basalte à forte teneur en MgO et faible teneur en Ti et suggère que les intrusions de Samapleu se sont formées par fusion du manteau supérieur sous l’influence d'un panache mantellique. Ainsi, lors de leurs remontées, le magma a assimilé les roches granulites encaissantes environnantes. / The Yacouba layered complex intrudes the archean (3.6-2.78 Ga) Man field in the Biankouma-Sipilou area, western Ivory Coast. In Samapleu area, the complex is composed of three entities; Samapleu Main (SM); Samapleu Extension 1 (E1) and Yorodougou (Yo). It includes websterites, peridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites horizons. These horizons (total thickness of 80 to 200 m) inclined at 70-80° to the SE; arranged symmetrically with mafic layers at the center and ultramafic layers at both margins, are features of a dyke ; show a root more than 600 m from the surface with a junction intrusion (SM, E1) in more depth.At the E1 site, contacts of intrusions with the country rock gneiss are characterized by a hybrid zone (condition P = 7.5±1Kbar and T = 850°C ± 100°C) attributed to contact metamorphism during intrusion of the complex in the lower crust at a depth of about 22 km. Zircons in country rock gneisses and granulites, as well as in the hybrid facies, yield archean ages of ~ 2.78 Ga. Rutiles in the hybrid zone give a U-Pb age of 2.09 Ga, which is interpreted as the age of contact metamorphism and emplacement of the intrusion.The Ni-Cu mineralization (disseminated mainly with subvertical and semi-massive to massive sulfide veins) is composed of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and rare pyrite. The SM and E1 sites contain Ni and Cu sulfide deposit with reserves estimated as more than 40 million tons grading 0.25% Ni and 0.22% Cu in the upper portion (Sama Nickel-CI, August 2013). The sulfide textures range from matrix ore, net-textured, droplets or breccia textures. Zones enriched in PGM, particularly Pd, are associated with the sulfides and several chromite bands are also present. These observations suggest that an immiscible sulfide liquid formed from a parental silicate liquid and percolated through the crystal pile. These sulfides mainly mantle origin were probably formed by injecting several magmas. However few of these sulfides may have formed by the assimilation of country rocks.The parental melt composition has a basalt rich MgO and low Ti and suggest Samapleu intrusions were formed by melting of the upper mantle under the influence of a mantle plume. Thus, during its ascent, magma has assimilated the granulites country rocks.

Die Bybel is die boek wat die meeste gelees word en tog is dit moeilik om die leefwêreld van daardie era te verstaan. My doel is om ’n nuwe blik te gee op ’n paar Ou-Testamentiese simbole. Die ontdekking van ivoorobjekte in die middel negentiende eeu in Nimrud se paleise het tot groot opwinding gelei, aangesien dit met die literatuur ooreenstem. Die ivoorstukke het ’n “verhaal” kom vertel. Deur die streke se kuns te bestudeer kan ons ’n prentjie vorm van die kuns wat in die Ystertydperk in Mesopotamië en Palestina se paleise en welaf huise voorgekom het. Die ikonografie word ontrafel deur ’n paar ivoorstukke te “lees.” Ikonografie is die beskrywing en verklaring van beelde wat op bepaalde onderwerpe betrekking het. Sekere beelde kom herhaaldelik voor in Mesopotamië. In dié studie word hoofsaaklik die Gevleuelde Wesens, die Boom van Lewe, die Gevleuelde Sonskyf asook Rosette beskryf. / The Bible is widely read but it is difficult to understand the world and culture of the era that it is set in. It is my aim to provide new insight into a few Old Testament verses with their symbolic meaning. When ivory was discovered at Nimrud the discovery elicited huge excitement. The ivory pieces came to tell a story. Through studying the art of the different cultures a picture begins to appear of the palaces and homes of the wealthy in the Levant. The iconography could be “read.” Iconography is the science of interpreting the message the art wants to convey to the viewer. A few images are repeatedly showing up in the Levant during the Iron Age. In this study I am focusing mainly on The Tree of Life, the Winged Disc, the Rosette and Winged Spiritual Beings. I am attempting to discern the meaning behind these images. / Biblical & Ancient Studies / M.A. (Ou Nabye-Oosterse Studies)

Die Bybel is die boek wat die meeste gelees word en tog is dit moeilik om die leefwêreld van daardie era te verstaan. My doel is om ’n nuwe blik te gee op ’n paar Ou-Testamentiese simbole. Die ontdekking van ivoorobjekte in die middel negentiende eeu in Nimrud se paleise het tot groot opwinding gelei, aangesien dit met die literatuur ooreenstem. Die ivoorstukke het ’n “verhaal” kom vertel. Deur die streke se kuns te bestudeer kan ons ’n prentjie vorm van die kuns wat in die Ystertydperk in Mesopotamië en Palestina se paleise en welaf huise voorgekom het. Die ikonografie word ontrafel deur ’n paar ivoorstukke te “lees.” Ikonografie is die beskrywing en verklaring van beelde wat op bepaalde onderwerpe betrekking het. Sekere beelde kom herhaaldelik voor in Mesopotamië. In dié studie word hoofsaaklik die Gevleuelde Wesens, die Boom van Lewe, die Gevleuelde Sonskyf asook Rosette beskryf. / The Bible is widely read but it is difficult to understand the world and culture of the era that it is set in. It is my aim to provide new insight into a few Old Testament verses with their symbolic meaning. When ivory was discovered at Nimrud the discovery elicited huge excitement. The ivory pieces came to tell a story. Through studying the art of the different cultures a picture begins to appear of the palaces and homes of the wealthy in the Levant. The iconography could be “read.” Iconography is the science of interpreting the message the art wants to convey to the viewer. A few images are repeatedly showing up in the Levant during the Iron Age. In this study I am focusing mainly on The Tree of Life, the Winged Disc, the Rosette and Winged Spiritual Beings. I am attempting to discern the meaning behind these images. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Ou Nabye-Oosterse Studies)

The thesis examines the comprehensive relationship between all aspects of financial liberalisation and economic growth in three countries from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Employing ARDL bounds test approach and real GDP per capita as growth indicator; the thesis finds support in favour of the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis but also finds that the increases in the subsequent savings and investments have not been transmitted into economic growth in two of the studied countries. Moreover, the thesis also finds that stock market developments have negligible or negative impact on economic growth in two of the selected countries. The thesis concludes that in most cases, it is not financial liberalisation polices that affect economic growth in the selected ECOWAS countries, but rather increase in the productivity of labour, increase in the credit to the private sector, increase in foreign direct investments, increase in the capital stock and increase in government expenditure contrary to expectations. Interestingly, the thesis also finds that export has only negative effect on economic growth in all the selected ECOWAS countries. The thesis therefore, recommends that long-term export diversification programmes be implemented in the ECOWAS regions whilst further investigation is carried on the issue. / Economic Sciences / D. Litt et Phil. (Economics)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Op 3 Mei 1848 het 'n aantll blanke nedersetters van Ohrigstad in Soutpansberg aangekom; 'n pioniersdorp, onder Ieiding van Hendrik Potgieter, is gestig en primitiewe huise is opgerig. In 1855 het Stephanus Schoeman die Ieiding oorgeneem en die dorp na homself vemoem. Die plaaslike owerheid het bestaan uit die kommandant-generaal, 'n landdros met heemrade en ander regeringsamptenare sowel as dorpsbeamptes. Tropiese koorssiektes het soms epidemiese afmetings aangcneem en talle mense het gesterf soos die kerkhof met sy rye grafte getuig. Die nedersetters, gehard deur hul swerwersbestaan, het die siektes en ontberings verduur. Vir 16 van die 19 jaar was daar nie 'n vaste predikant nie tot ds N J van Wannelo in 1864 hom in Schoemansdal gevestig het Hy het hom beywer vir die ophefftng van die inwoners op geestelike en onderwysgebied. Die mense was konserwatief en meestal ongeletterd. Hulle was bedagsaam, maar daar was ook ongure en opstandige persone. Hulle klere was eenvoudig en meestal tuisgemaak, en hulle het graag sosiaal verkeer. V erskeie beroepe is beoefen: houtsaery was betalend en hout was oorvloedig; jag was die winsgewendste, want wild en olifante was volop en jagprodukte, veral ivoor waarvan tonne verhandel is, het goeie markpryse behaal. Die swartes wat reeds in die gebied gewoon het, het die blankes met wanttoue bejeen. Blankes het hulle gevestig, grond toegeeien en onbeperk gejag, terwyl die swartes vir hulle moes werk en belasting betaal. Ongehoorsame swart hoofmanne is aangeval, vee is gebuit en vrouens en veral kinders is weggevoer as inboekelinge. Dit het tot openlike vyandelikhede gelei. Veldtogte is gevoer, maar die blankes kon die swartes, weens hulle oninneembare vestings, nie onderwerp nie. Die swartes het gewere op onwettige wyse bekom. Die handel het begin kwyn, smouse en handelaars het weggebly en die inwoners het verann en onder mekaar getwis. Die blankes het in die skans in Schoemansdal saamgetrek en Paul Kruger is met 400 man deur die Transvaalse regering gestuur om die Venda te onderwerp. Die poging het misluk en op 15 Julie 1867 is Schoemansdal ontruim. Enkele maande later is 'n poging deur Schoeman aangewend om die dorp te herwin, maar ook dit was onsuksesvol. Schoemansdal sou nooit weer herbou word nie en was die eerste vesting wat die blankes aan die swart meerdetheid sou oorgee. / May 1848 a number of white settlers from Ohrigstad arrived in the Soutpansberg. Under the leadership of Hendrik Potgieter, a pioneer town was developed. In 1855 Stephan us Schoeman replanned and renamed the town. The local government consisted of the commandantgeneral, a landdrost, heemrade, government officials and town officers. The region was unhealthy and fever stricken. Numerous graves in the graveyard are the tragic signs of many deaths. However, hardy Trekkers, endured the sickness and hardships. For 16 years there was no minister until, in 1864, the Rev Van Warmelo settled in Schoemansdal and worked zealously for the spiritual and educational upliftment of the inhabitants. Most people were conservative and illiterate. Their clothes were plain and usually home-made, and they were very sociable. There were different occupations. Woodcutters were well paid and wood was abundant. Hunting was lucrative because there were plenty of wild animals and elephant, and hunting products, especially ivory, had good market value. Black communities, which already inhabited the area, distrusted the whites. The whites settled, annexed the land and hunted wherever they wanted, while the blacks were compelled to work and pay taxes. Military campaigns were undertaken against headmen who were regarded as disobedient, livestock was seized, women, and children, were abducted under the indenture system. All this caused open hostility. Campaigns were launched against the blacks but they could not be subjected because of the mountainous terrain. The blacks obtained weapons illegally. Trade deteriorated and the whites became poorer and started to quarrel amongst themselves. The white inhabitants moved into the fort and Paul Kruger was sent by the Transvaal government with 400 men to force the Venda into submission. The attempt failed and on 15 July 1867 the town was evacuated. Schoeman, with a small army, also made an unsuccessful attempt. Schoemansdal would never be rebuilt and was the first white settlement to surrender to black majority. / History / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geskiedenis)

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L’Afrique subsaharienne se présente, involontairement, comme une région en proie à une succession de crises, de conflits, de guerres civiles. Ces externalités négatives de l’instabilité socio-politique s’appréhendent, souvent, par le truchement du rite jaculatoire causal. D’où, les vocables « ethnies », « identité » – lorsqu’il n’est pas question de sous-développement, ou de l’injection du déficit démocratique –, auprès des commentateurs, sont, de façon cursive, convoqués pour expliquer le désordre perçu. Ainsi, les événements de 1994 au Rwanda sont ramenés à un conflit – « ethnique » – Hutu/Tutsi; négligeant par voie de conséquence l’acuité de la complexité de la réalité, ou à défaut, celle de la convergence de variables. Et pourtant, en descendant dans cette profondeur cognitive, tout observateur constaterait que l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne reste une construction dans le temps et dans l’espace, optimisée par l’impénitent désir de pouvoir des acteurs politiques. Les structures historiques, loin d’être de véritables déterminants, participent à la construction sociale de la réalité porteuse d’idées, de règles et de pratiques représentationnelles qui érigent la nécessaire grammaire du bouleversement social. Nos présents travaux, non seulement, viennent examiner les causes habituellement avancées, mais s’opposent également aux arguments culturalistes mobilisés pour l’explication ou la compréhension de l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. C’est pourquoi, nous retenons que la justesse scientifique afférente à la compréhension du mouvement mécanistique socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne est fonction du mode de connaissance de la réalité perçue. Par conséquent, nous estimons que l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne, est un processus dynamique évolutif qui, nonobstant le désordre structurel, tend vers une stationnarité relative, puis absolue avant l’avènement de la stabilité. / Subsaharan Africa presents itself, involuntarily, like an area in the grip of a succession of crises, conflicts, civil wars. These negative externalities of sociopolitical instability are apprehended, often, by the means of the causal ritual. That's why, the terms "ethnic group", "identity" - when it isn't question of underdevelopment, or the injection of democratic deficit - near the commentators, in a cursory mention, are convened to explain the perceived disorder. Thus, the events of 1994 in Rwanda are brought back to a "ethnic" conflict Hutu/Tutsi; negleging consequently the acuity of the complexity of reality or failing this, that of the convergence of variables. And yet, while going down in this cognitive depth, any observer would note that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa remains a construction in time and space, optimized by the unrepentant desire of power of the political actors. The historical structures, far from being true determinants, take part in the social construction of reality carrying ideas, rules, and practices representational which set up the necessary grammar of the social upheaval. Our present work, not only comes to examine the usually advanced causes, but is also opposed to the culturalist arguments mobilized for the explanation or the comprehension of sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa. This is why, we retain that the scientific accuracy related with the comprehension of sociopolitical mechanisitc movement in subsaharan Africa is function of the mode of knowledge of perceived reality. Consequently, we estimate that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa, is an evolutionary dynamic process which, notwhithstanding, the strutural disorder, strives for a relative stationnarity, then absolute before the advent of stability.