A presente tese se ocupa de uma vertente da literatura e do cinema contemporâneos, especialmente do escritor Julio Cortázar e do cineasta David Lynch, que: busca um novo tratamento para a realidade, não esconde os artifícios discursivos das obras, joga com estratégias ilusionistas e antiilusionistas, debate a própria ficção por meio de recursos metaficcionais, que se utiliza da metáfora do teatro como espaço diferenciado e como palco de ilusões e que trabalha com a questão do fantástico (ou absurdo). Grande parte do trabalho é dedicada ao estudo da obra do escritor argentino Julio Cortázar. Estudo esse que se constrói a partir das correspondências entre as produções ficcionais e teóricas de Cortázar, além de suas próprias entrevistas. Cortázar é nosso foco principal e dele, acreditamos, brotou um veio dos mais significativos na narrativa contemporânea, que estabelece novos modos de se lidar com a representação e com as referências. É devido a esses aspectos, apontados anteriormente, que estabelecemos relações com outros autores, inclusive do cinema, como é o caso de David Lynch / This thesis deals with one aspect of literature and contemporary cinema, especially the writer Julio Cortázar and filmmaker David Lynch, that: a search for new treatment really does not hide the artifice of the discursive works, plays with illusionist and anti-illusionist strategies, debate the fiction itself through metaficcionais resources, which uses the metaphor of the theater as a space variable and to stage illusions and working with the issue of the fantastic (or nonsense). Much of the work is devoted to the study of the work of Argentine writer Julio Cortázar. Study which is constructed from the correspondence between the fictional and theoretical productions of Cortázar, and his own interviews. Cortázar is our main focus and goals, we came a shaft of the most significant in contemporary novels, establishing new ways of dealing with the representation and referrals. It is because of these issues, previously mentioned, we have established relationships with other authors, including the cinema, as is the case of David Lynch

A partir des années 1960, la fiction hispano-américaine connaît un essor sans précédent, auquel la critique littéraire internationale a donné le nom très contesté de boom. Le principal problème de ce terme est qu’il renvoie à un phénomène touchant à la fois la production et la diffusion de la littérature hispano-américaine.Notre travail prose une relecture du phénomène à travers l’étude de la traduction et de la réception de Julio Cortázar, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez et Mario Vargas Llosa en France et aux Pays-Bas entre 1960 et 1973.En retraçant l’historique des premières traductions et en analysant le contexte éditorial dans lequel elles sont arrivées, nous montrons l’existence d’écarts profonds séparant les deux pays dans la traduction des quatre auteurs, n’illustrant pas toujours leur position théorique au sein de l’espace mondial de la traduction, et le rôle importants joués par certains intermédiaires culturels. Par le biais d’une étude de traduction et de réception, nous mettons aussi en évidence le rôle de médiation joué par les traducteurs et la critique littéraire entre les œuvres originales et le lecteur final dans les deux pays de référence. / Spanish-American fiction has been developing unprecedented from the 1960’s, what has been given the highly contested name of boom by international literary critics. The main problem of that term is that it refers to a phenomenon affecting both the production and distribution of Spanish-American literature.Our work is a reading of the phenomenon through the study of translation and reception of Julio Cortázar, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez and Mario Vargas Llosa in France and in the Netherlands between 1960 and 1973.In tracing the history of the early translations and analysis of the editorial context in which they arrived, we show the existence of profound differences between the two countries in the translation of the four authors, which do not illustrate their theoretical position in the world space of translation, and the important role played by certain cultural intermediaries. Through a study of translation and reception, we also highlight the mediating role played by translators and literary criticism between the original texts and the final reader in the two reference countries.

La reconnaissance internationale de la littérature latino-américaine au XXe siècle a souvent été interprétée par la critique comme le résultat de l’influence du Modernisme, notamment du fait de la lecture, par les auteurs latino-américains, de James Joyce et William Faulkner. Certains auteurs du continent, pourtant, suivent des stratégies différentes : Borges, Bioy Casares et Cortázar utilisent les fondements de la littérature de genre (fantastique, policier, horreur, roman d’aventures) pour opérer une reconfiguration des équilibres entre le champ littéraire et les injonctions politiques, nationales et culturelles. Dans cette optique, le travail de Robert Louis Stevenson sur les publics populaires et le croisement des genres peut être vu comme une référence idéale, du fait de sa complexité et de son souci constant d’expérimentation. Cette étude a donc pour objectif de proposer une comparaison de ces stratégies, en utilisant les outils conceptuels et théoriques de la littérature mondiale. Stevenson, de cette manière, pourra apparaître comme un modèle herméneutique pour penser et résoudre certains dilemmes géographiques et littéraires. / The international recognition of Latin American literature during the twentieth century has been interpreted by critics as a result of a Modernist influence, mainly through the reading of James Joyce and William Faulkner. Some Latin American writers, though, pursued other strategies : Bioy Casares, Borges and Cortázar used the foundations of popular literature (fantastic, detective or horror literature, adventure novel) to reconfigure the relations between the literary field and the political, national and cultural injonctions. For that purpose, Robert Louis Stevenson’s work on popular audience and generic hybridity at the end of the Victorian era can be seen as an ideal point of reference, thanks to its complexity and constant experimentation. The aim of the present study is to analyse this process using world literature’s conceptual and theorical tools. Stevenson can thus be seen as a model to think and resolve some geographical and literary dilemmas.

This essay deals with the fantasy aspects that exist in work of Julio Cortázar. It is knownthat Cortázar frequently uses certain narrative tools in order to make a story to one of thefantastic kind. The purpose of the study is therefore to plunge into some of the fantasyaspects that are included in his work. The questions that the thesis answers are: which narrative techniques does the author use in the chosen stories to make these storiesfantastic? How does he utilize these techniques in the three stories? The corpus consistsof a short synopsis of the plots of the stories “Axolotl”, “Noche boca arriba” and“Continuidad de los parques” from the compilation Final del juego (1956). The methodof analysis used for the three stories consists of a reading that focuses on narrative aspects,including the characteristics of the fantasy genre. The results show role of the aspects of fantasy such as animalization, anthropomorphism, and identity change in “Axolotl”. Inaddition, the narrating voice is revealed to be an important literary aspect in this story. When it comes to "Noche boca arriba" and "Continuidad de los parques" the presence ofparallel realitiesis noticeable. Both of those story worlds are equally possible andimportant, according tothe theory of possible worlds (PW-theory). In "Continuidad de los parques", we can clearly see two worlds that experience a fusion in the moment they collide. Again, according to the theory of possible worlds, both are equally important. As a theoretical tool, Tzvetan Todorov's theory of the fantastic is used. The application of Todorov's theory is useful for the study as it serves as the basis in order to define the threestories aspart of the fantasy genre. / Este ensayo aborda los aspectos fantásticos que existen en la obra de Julio Cortázar. Essabido que Cortázar utiliza con frecuencia ciertas herramientas narrativas que hacen elcuento fantástico. El propósito del estudio es, por lo tanto, profundizar en algunos de losaspectos fantásticos incluidos en su obra. Las preguntas que la tesina responde son: ¿Quétécnicas narrativas utiliza el autor en los cuentos elegidos para hacerlos fantásticos?;¿Cómo utiliza estas técnicas en los tres cuentos? El corpus consiste en una breve sinopsisde las tramas de los cuentos “Axolotl”, “Noche boca arriba” y “Continuidad de losparques” de la compilación Final del juego (1956). El método de análisis utilizado paralos tres relatos consiste en una lectura que se enfoca en aspectos narrativos, inclusive enlas características de lo fantástico. Los resultados muestran el papel de los aspectosfantásticos como la animalización, el antropomorfismo y el cambio de identidad en “Axolotl”. Además, se revela que la voz narradora es un aspecto literario importante en este cuento. En cuanto a “Noche boca arriba” y “Continuidad de los parques” se nota la presencia de realidades paralelas. Ambos de estos universos narrativos son igualmenteposibles e importantes, deacuerdo con la teoría de mundos posibles. En "Continuidad delos parques", podemos verclaramente dos mundos que experimentan una fusión en elmomento en el que colisionan.Otra vez, de acuerdo con la teoría de mundos posibles,ambos son igualmente importantes. Como herramienta teórica se utiliza la teoría sobre lo fantástico de TzvetanTodorov. La aplicación de la teoría de Todorov es útil para el estudioya que sirve de basepara definir a los tres relatos como parte del género fantástico.

Para aclarar y resaltar los cambios importantes en la forma en que se ha retratado al vampiro, se mencionan obras que marcaron un inicio en la historia literaria del vampiro. Para ello, nos remontamos al comienzo del chupasangre, para hacer un repaso general. Poco a poco podemos ver cómo las influencias contemporáneas tienen su impacto tanto en la apariencia como en la expresión del vampiro. El viaje luego nos lleva más lejos de Europa y más a América, a los países de habla hispana con una parada en el Río de la Plata. Con obras como El Vampiro de Delmira Agustini (1910) y El hijo del vampiro (1994) de Julio Cortázar, también discernimos los cambios sociales que surgieron y que en realidad remodelaron al vampiro en la literatura. La elección del material que tenemos en la obra también permite en mayor medida tanto aclarar cómo abordar los interrogantes que se presentan en el estudio de la imagen del vampiro. En ambos análisis surgen momentos donde es muy probable que los resultados presenten nuevas conexiones y resultados. Para realizar nuestro estudio, usaremos como herramienta teórica la hermenéutica de la sospecha.

Les penseurs et écrivains ont depuis l’Antiquité constitué une partie importante des personnes touchées par l’exil politique, situation qui en retour a influencé leurs œuvres et marqué la littérature. Cette tradition littéraire s’est vue, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, profondément bouleversée par l’émergence des totalitarismes et l’affrontement avec les démocraties que ces régimes, sous leurs différentes formes, ont suscité. Ce contexte politique inédit a provoqué, outre un accroissement du nombre des écrivains concernés, d’importantes transformations structurelles, obligeant notamment les exilés à remettre en cause leur propre image, leurs thèmes et stratégies de communication, ainsi qu’à revoir la portée de leurs écrits. L’étude comparée des œuvres de Jorge Semprún, Christa Wolf, Julio Cortázar et Alicia Dujovne Ortiz, permet de mettre en lumière des changements esthétiques communs à ces écrivains engagés, ayant fui respectivement l’Espagne, l’Allemagne et l’Argentine, et de constater la naissance, à cette époque, d’une écriture originale. / Since Ancient Times, thinkers and writers have in large numbers been struck by political exile. In return, this situation has influenced their work and literature as a whole. In the second half of the 20th Century, this literary tradition has been deeply transformed by the surge of totalitarian regimes, and the struggle with democracies which these regimes have provoked. This new political context has induced a large increase of writers in exile, but also important structural transformations, forcing the exiles to modify their own images, the themes of their work and their communication strategies, and also the nature of their writings. The comparative study of the works of Jorge Semprún, Christa Wolf, Julio Cortázar and Alicia Dujovne Ortiz allows us to discover common aesthetic changes between these politically committed writers, who have flown respectively from Spain, Germany, and Argentina, and to note the birth of a new form of writing.

(in English): Julio Cortázar is considered as one of the greatest literary figures of Argentina and Latin America of the last century and to him is dedicated this master's thesis, focused on translation of his work into Czech language. First part of the thesis is theoretically based, dealing with biography, creation and style of the author and then moves to figures of his Czech translators, problems arising from translation and perception and development of translations of Cortázar's works in Czech environment. The second part is practically oriented, pursuing the analysis and comparison of translations of specific works - two translations of a story The Pursuer by translators Kamil Uhlíř and Jan Machej and two versions of translation of a novel Hopscotch by Vladimír Medek.

El propósito de esta tesina es analizar el comportamiento grupal en los cuentos Queremos tanto a Glenda y Las Ménades del escritor argentino Julio Cortázar. La investigación se basa en las ideas de Carl Jung, y más específicamente en sus teorías sobre el inconsciente colectivo y los arquetipos. También hemos consultado algunos de los escritos que ha presentado Jung sobre la relación entre el individuo y el colectivo, y sobre el arte. El objetivo del estudio ha sido investigar la razón detrás de la reacción del grupo en los cuentos elegidos, y mirar más de cerca cómo esta reacción afecta al desarrollo de la historia. La conclusión de nuestro análisis es que la fuerza impulsadora detrás de la reacción grupal, en ambos cuentos, es el deseo inconsciente, de los miembros de los grupos, de cumplir con los arquetipos. A través del colectivo se fortalecen los impulsos de los arquetipos hasta volverse imposibles de detener. Esto causa el fin inesperado e infeliz, tanto en Queremos tanto a Glenda, como en Las Ménades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdemir Boranelli.pdf: 749162 bytes, checksum: b4ba3c656434321ecebb042baed787f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-23 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / In the 19th century the fantastic literature has opened itself to its own invention and from that fact emerged arbitrariness and inconsequence. From this point on the purpose of the study is the relation between two aspects the real and the fantastic - building up the narrative action in the short stories by Murilo Rubião and their literary value. The objective of the study will be the analysis of some short stories by Murilo Rubião: A fila (1974); A noiva da casa azul (1947); Bárbara (1947); O lodo (1974); Teleco, o coelhinho (1965). The analysis of these short stories focus the main research subject: to recognize how verisimilitude works in fiction and the way metaphor and hyperbole are applied as multimetaphors, taken as a poetic work, in the light of the short stories by Julio Cortázar. We have searched some of the short stories by the Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar: Carta a una señorita en Paris (1951); Cartas de Mamá (1970); En nombre de Boby (1977); La autopista del sur (1966); Las manos que crecen (1945). Since Cortázar introduced the fantastic genre in the short story, to verify likelihood and dissimilarity among the narrative proceedings, trying to determine their viability and the results from theoretical presuppositions and to identify their validity applied to the theoretical reading of the fantastic genre. In face of these objectives we consider the challenging transparency of the fantastic like an imaginary fiction that cannot be translated except by ambiguity and for the eye s inquisitive and renewed time transposition to reality. These concernings are about the function performed by the multimetaphor from an analogical matrix elaborated between both the entities, and this fact materializes the myth being transferred to reality the myth as a multimetaphor. The corpus is analysed and described according to three of the structural features proposed by Todorov (2004): the verbal, the syntatical and the semantical matter through which a study has been done on the tropes metaphor and hyperbole those articulate as key-figures both in Murilo Rubião and Julio Cortázar s short stories. The last consideration refers to the analysis and acknowledgement of conceptions of these elements that structure the modern fantastic narrative by Murilo Rubião, producing as a result the realism of the multimetaphor as a phenomenon of language, concerning to the conception of Erdal Jordan presented in La narrativa fantástica (1998) / A literatura fantástica, no século XIX, abriu-se para sua própria invenção, surgindo assim, o arbitrário e o inconseqüente. A partir daí, o objeto de estudo é a relação real e fantástico construindo a ação narrativa nos contos de Murilo Rubião, e o seu valor literário. O foco de estudo será a análise de alguns contos de Murilo Rubião: A f ila (1974); A noiva da casa azul (1947); Bárbara (1947); O lodo (1974); Teleco, o coelhinho (1965). A análise desses contos investe no problema central de pesquisa: reconhecer o trabalho da verossimilhança na ficção e no modo como a metáfora e a hipérbole são aplicadas como polimetáforas na qualidade de fenômeno poético, à luz dos contos de Julio Cortázar. Recorremos a alguns contos do escritor argentino Julio Cortázar: Carta a una señorita en París (1951); Cartas de Mamá (1970); En nombre de Boby (1977); La autopista del sur (1966); Las manos que crecen (1945). Justif ica-se o apoio formal de Cortázar, por ser o pioneiro do fantástico no gênero conto, para verif icar aproximações e distanciamentos entre os procedimentos narrat ivos, procurando detectar a viabilidade e os efeitos dos pressupostos teóricos e para detectar a sua validade em aplicação na leitura especulat iva do gênero fantástico. Diante destes objetivos, consideramos que a transparência desafiadora do fantástico é um imaginário que não se deixa traduzir, senão pela ambigüidade e pelo deslocamento temporal inquisitivo e renovado do olhar para o real. Trata-se da função exercitada pela figura da polimetáfora, a partir de uma matriz analógica elaborada entre as duas entidades, fato que concretiza o mito em transferência para o real o mito como polimetáfora. O corpus é analisado e descrito segundo três traços estruturais propostos por Todorov (2004): o verbal, o sintático e o semântico, por meio dos quais faz-se um estudo sobre as figuras de retórica, metáfora e hipérbole, as quais se articulam como figuras-chave e modificadores, tanto nos contos murilianos, quanto nos cortazarianos. O último passo remete à análise e à interpretação conceitual destes elementos que estruturam a narrativa fantástica muriliana moderna, efetivando o realismo da polimetáfora como fenômeno de linguagem, segundo a concepção de Erdal Jordan apresentada em La narrativa fantástica (1998)

Destacando em Fantomas contra los vampiros multinacionales, de Julio Cortázar, os aspectos relativos à arte e a literatura, torna-se essencial chamar a atenção para a presença dos quadrinhos como parte constituinte da obra, que juntamente com ilustrações de outras naturezas, além da presença de discursos pertencentes a outras esferas das áreas humanas, conferem ao texto o status de híbrido. A partir disso, este estudo objetiva estudar a importância de palavras e imagens, e de sua imbricação, para a construção do sentido heterogêneo do texto, além de fazer um cotejo entre diferentes versões da obra, em meio impresso e eletrônico, considerando as diferenças entre as suas versões. Um olhar literário sobre Fantomas, especialmente através de uma aproximação intertextual e interdisciplinar, permite que se reflita sobre os diversos aspectos da personagem Fantomas ao longo das publicações e dos media, assim como sobre a presença de elementos fantásticos, surrealistas, metaficcionais e autobiográficos. Neste estudo, pretende-se demonstrar que esse hibridismo, tanto em nível formal como em termos discursivos, mostra-se representativo da heterogeneidade da América Latina, considerando sua formação cultural e sua diversidade de manifestações lingüísticas e literárias. / We point out in Fantomas contra los vampiros multinacionales, by Julio Cortázar, the aspects relating to art and literature. We should call the attention to the presence of comics as a constituent part of this work, which together with illustrations of various natures, and the presence of discourse which belongs to other spheres of human areas, give the text the status of hybrid. From this, this study aims to study the importance of words and images, and their overlapping, for the construction of the heterogeneous sense of the text, and make a comparison between different versions of the work in print and electronically, considering the differences between their versions. A literary view on Fantomas, especially through an intertextual and interdisciplinary approach, allows us to reflect on the various aspects of the character Fantomas along the publications and media, beyond the presence of fantastic surreal, autobiographical and metafictional elements. In this study, we intend to show that the hybrid, both in formal and in discursive terms, proves to be representative of the heterogeneity of Latin America, considering their cultural formation and the linguistic and literary diversity of expression that features Latin America. / Destacando en Fantomas contra los vampiros multinacionales, de Julio Cortázar, los aspectos relativos al arte y la literatura, se vuelve esencial subrayar la presencia de la historieta como parte constituyente de la obra, que juntamente con ilustraciones de otras naturalezas, además de la presencia de discursos pertenecientes a otras esferas de las áreas humanas, dan al texto el status de híbrido. A partir de eso, este estudio tiene el objetivo de estudiar la importancia de palabras e imágenes, y de su imbricación, para la construcción del sentido heterogéneo del texto, además de hacer una comparación entre diferentes versiones de la obra, en medio impreso y electrónico, considerando las diferencias entre sus versiones. Una mirada literaria sobre Fantomas, especialmente a través de un acercamiento intertextual e interdisciplinario, permite una reflexión sobre los diversos aspectos del personaje Fantomas a lo largo de las publicaciones y de los media, así como la presencia de elementos fantásticos, surrealistas, metaficcionales y autobiográficos. En este estudio, pretende demostrar que ese hibridismo, tanto en nivel formal como en términos discursivos, se muestra representativo de la heterogeneidad de la América Latina, considerando su formación cultural y su diversidad de manifestaciones lingüísticas y literarias.